Esta tese versa sobre a análise de um dos grandes projetos tecnológicos do Estado nacional, o PEB, com o intuito de verificar em que medida o Brasil, enquanto País em desenvolvimento e inserido no processo de globalização econômica, tem a possibilidade de autodeterminar um projeto nacional de desenvolvimento relativamente soberano e sustentável, mediante sua capacitação tecnológica em áreas de ponta, como as tecnologias espaciais. Neste ínterim, é discutido o processo de institucionalização da ciência no País e a implantação de um moderno sistema de C&T no Brasil através de uma aliança entre cientistas e militares, culminando com a criação do CNPq em 1951. Apresentamos uma releitura da nossa recente história política e os projetos nacionais de desenvolvimento de que foi alvo o País, formulados pelos grupos sociais mais representativos da sociedade na época estudada, recuperando uma discussão que, estendendo-se por décadas, reservou à questão científica um lugar privilegiado no planejamento do Estado. O período da ditadura militar é especialmente contemplado, considerando-se ter sido esta a fase em que realmente o Programa Espacial Brasileiro sofreu maiores investimentos, conferindo aos militares um papel de destaque no quadro de atores sociais coletivos empenhados no projeto de desenvolvimento do País, destacando as diversas correntes ideológicas em ação dentro das Forças Armadas. Foi analisado o processo de globalização devido ao seu nexo interno e externo com as políticas científicas implantadas ou preconizadas no País. Esse processo, alavancado pela nova dinâmica tecnológica internacional iniciada nos anos 1980, estabeleceu profundos impactos e mudanças na constituição atual da esfera do político. Este é o cenário onde, de nosso ponto de vista, inscreve-se a questão da capacitação científico-tecnológica como variável estratégica em todos os níveis das relações internacionais. A compreensão desta problemática deve ser entendida como parte do cenário mundial que se configurou nas últimas décadas do século XX, tendo no entrelaçamento das dinâmicas científico-tecnológica e a soberania nacional dos Estados uma sinergia diferenciada na reordenação geopolítica contemporânea. / This thesis deals with the analysis of one of the major technological projects of the national State, the PEB, in order to check to what extent the Brasil as a developing country and inserted in the process of economic globalization, have the possibility of self-determine a national project for the development of sovereign and sustainable through its technological expertise in high-tech areas, such as space technologies. Meanwhile, is discussed the process of institutionalization of science in the country and the deployment of a modern system of C&T in Brazil through an alliance between scientists and military, culminating with the creation of the CNPq in 1951. We present a rereading of our recent political history and national development programs , formulated by the more representative social groups of society at the time studied, retrieving a discussion that, extending for decades, has reserved the scientific issue a privileged place in the planning of the State. The period of the military dictatorship is especially contemplated, considering this was the stage at which the Space Program Brazilian suffered greater investment, giving the military a leading role within the framework of social actors collective committed to the project of development of the Country, highlighting the various ideological currents in action within the Armed Forces. It was analyzed the process of globalization due to its link internal and external to the scientific policies implemented or envisaged in the Country. This process, leveraged by the new dynamic international technology started in the 1980s, established deep impacts and changes to the current constitution of the sphere of politics. This is the scenario where, from our point of view, is the issue of training scientific-technological and strategic variable in all levels of international relations. . The understanding of this issue should be seen as part of the world scene that is configured in the last decades of the 20th century, having the intertwining of scientific-technological dynamics and the national sovereignty of states in a differentiated synergy in reordering contemporary geopolitics.

Esta tese versa sobre a análise de um dos grandes projetos tecnológicos do Estado nacional, o PEB, com o intuito de verificar em que medida o Brasil, enquanto País em desenvolvimento e inserido no processo de globalização econômica, tem a possibilidade de autodeterminar um projeto nacional de desenvolvimento relativamente soberano e sustentável, mediante sua capacitação tecnológica em áreas de ponta, como as tecnologias espaciais. Neste ínterim, é discutido o processo de institucionalização da ciência no País e a implantação de um moderno sistema de C&T no Brasil através de uma aliança entre cientistas e militares, culminando com a criação do CNPq em 1951. Apresentamos uma releitura da nossa recente história política e os projetos nacionais de desenvolvimento de que foi alvo o País, formulados pelos grupos sociais mais representativos da sociedade na época estudada, recuperando uma discussão que, estendendo-se por décadas, reservou à questão científica um lugar privilegiado no planejamento do Estado. O período da ditadura militar é especialmente contemplado, considerando-se ter sido esta a fase em que realmente o Programa Espacial Brasileiro sofreu maiores investimentos, conferindo aos militares um papel de destaque no quadro de atores sociais coletivos empenhados no projeto de desenvolvimento do País, destacando as diversas correntes ideológicas em ação dentro das Forças Armadas. Foi analisado o processo de globalização devido ao seu nexo interno e externo com as políticas científicas implantadas ou preconizadas no País. Esse processo, alavancado pela nova dinâmica tecnológica internacional iniciada nos anos 1980, estabeleceu profundos impactos e mudanças na constituição atual da esfera do político. Este é o cenário onde, de nosso ponto de vista, inscreve-se a questão da capacitação científico-tecnológica como variável estratégica em todos os níveis das relações internacionais. A compreensão desta problemática deve ser entendida como parte do cenário mundial que se configurou nas últimas décadas do século XX, tendo no entrelaçamento das dinâmicas científico-tecnológica e a soberania nacional dos Estados uma sinergia diferenciada na reordenação geopolítica contemporânea. / This thesis deals with the analysis of one of the major technological projects of the national State, the PEB, in order to check to what extent the Brasil as a developing country and inserted in the process of economic globalization, have the possibility of self-determine a national project for the development of sovereign and sustainable through its technological expertise in high-tech areas, such as space technologies. Meanwhile, is discussed the process of institutionalization of science in the country and the deployment of a modern system of C&T in Brazil through an alliance between scientists and military, culminating with the creation of the CNPq in 1951. We present a rereading of our recent political history and national development programs , formulated by the more representative social groups of society at the time studied, retrieving a discussion that, extending for decades, has reserved the scientific issue a privileged place in the planning of the State. The period of the military dictatorship is especially contemplated, considering this was the stage at which the Space Program Brazilian suffered greater investment, giving the military a leading role within the framework of social actors collective committed to the project of development of the Country, highlighting the various ideological currents in action within the Armed Forces. It was analyzed the process of globalization due to its link internal and external to the scientific policies implemented or envisaged in the Country. This process, leveraged by the new dynamic international technology started in the 1980s, established deep impacts and changes to the current constitution of the sphere of politics. This is the scenario where, from our point of view, is the issue of training scientific-technological and strategic variable in all levels of international relations. . The understanding of this issue should be seen as part of the world scene that is configured in the last decades of the 20th century, having the intertwining of scientific-technological dynamics and the national sovereignty of states in a differentiated synergy in reordering contemporary geopolitics.

O Laboratório de Integração e Testes (LIT) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) é composto por um complexo de laboratórios que atende às necessidades do Programa Espacial Brasileiro. Devido às suas facilidades singulares, o LIT atua também no suporte à indústria brasileira, oferecendo serviços metrológicos e de ensaios para homologação e desenvolvimento de uma infinidade de produtos. Diante deste ambiente de competitividade e complexidade, onde os níveis de exigência são cada vez maiores, torna-se imprescindível que laboratórios desta natureza busquem implementar um Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ), de acordo com a norma NBR ISO/IEC 17025. Essa norma é utilizada pelo Instituto de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (INMETRO), para a acreditação de Laboratórios de Ensaios e Calibração. Na implementação de um SGQ em órgãos públicos, fatores como a lentidão e a burocracia, afetam as mudanças necessárias na organização, para a solução de necessidades técnicas, de infraestrutura e de recursos humanos. Esse problema depende da fase e das peculiaridades das diversas variáveis envolvidas na implementação do SGQ de cada instituição. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo de caso, com o objetivo de identificar, descrever e analisar os fatores críticos da implementação do SGQ, no Laboratório de Ensaios Elétricos e Magnéticos do INPE/LIT. Em decorrência desse estudo, obteve-se um diagnóstico das mudanças organizacionais ocorridas neste laboratório e os fatores críticos restritores e facilitadores do sistema. A metodologia adotada na pesquisa teve uma abordagem descritiva de caráter exploratório, com enfoque qualitativo e com base no método de estudo de caso. Um dos instrumentos de pesquisa foi a coleta de dados por meio de questionário semi-estruturado, o que permitiu melhor entendimento do universo pesquisado. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o ambiente externo é um fator preponderante nas atividades realizadas pelo Laboratório, o que torna a tarefa de gerenciamento muito mais desafiadora. O impacto das barreiras emergentes, identificadas na pesquisa, coloca em risco o andamento das atividades de prestação de serviço de ensaios, tanto para a área espacial, quanto industrial. / The Integration and Testing Laboratory (LIT) of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) is composed by a complex of laboratories that meets the needs of the Brazilian Space Program. Due to unique facilities, the LIT also supports the Brazilian industry, providing metrological services and testing for homologation and development of a multitude of products. In this complex and competitive environment, where demand levels are increasing, it is essential that such laboratories implement a management system (QMS) in accordance with standard ISO/IEC 17025. This standard is used by the Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality (INMETRO), for the accreditation of testing and calibration laboratories. In the implementation of a QMS in government agencies, factors such as delays and bureaucracy, affect the changes required in the organization, for the solution of technical, infrastructure and human resources. This problem depends on the stage and the peculiarities of the different variables involved in the implementation of QMS at each institution. In this work a case study was performed in order to identify, describe and analyze the critical factors of implementation of the QMS, at the Testing Laboratory Electric and Magnetic INPE/LIT. As a result of this study it was obtained a diagnosis of organizational changes that occurred in this Laboratory and the restrictors and facilitators critical factors of the system. The methodology adopted was focused on the research of a descriptive approach of exploratory nature, qualitative approach, based on the case study method. One of the research instruments was the data collected by means of a semi-structured questionnaire, which allowed better understanding of the universe surveyed. The results of this survey showed that the external environment is a major factor in the activities developed by the Laboratory, which makes the management task much more challenging. The impact of the emergent barriers identified in this research, puts at risk the progress of service activities for both the space sector and the private organizations.

Master's thesis "Communication strategy of NASA during space programs Mercury, Gemini and Apollo space programs in 1958-1972" is a summary of the work of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the field of external communications. This diploma thesis maps the communication strategy during the first space programs Mercury, Gemini and Apollo in the 50s-70s. of the 20th century. It also puts it in a wider historical, social and media context. It is also devoted to the emergence of NASA, to individual programs and the emergence of space interest in the United States.

The thesis aims to give a deeper understanding of the Russian use of soft power by examining identity building. This research is one of very few that shed light on Russia’s ambitions of exploitation of space. Further knowledge in the field is necessary to understand the underlying motives and objectives behind the Russian space program. This in-depth analysis fills a noteworthy knowledge gap. Using the method of narrative analysis as defined by Roselle, Miskimmon, and O’Laughlin (2014,2017), combined with the theory of strategic narratives and state identity as defined by Eriksson et al (2020), the thesis investigates Russian identity building, examining Russian space program under Putin. In particular, Putin’s 2013, 2016 and 2020 Cosmonautics Day video link-ups with the International Space Station are analyzed. This thesis attempts to define Russia’s future space plan and its geopolitical importance in maintaining the nation’s role on the international arena post-soviet. The results indicate that Eriksson et al's definition of cultural narratives about state identity can be found in future Russian space plans.

With a big picture view of increasing the accessibility of space, standardization is applied within a service-oriented space program. The development of standardized spacecraft interfaces for numerous and varied payloads is examined through the lens of the creation of an Interface Control Document (ICD) within the Peregrine Lunar Lander project of Astrobotic Technologies, Inc. The procedure is simple, transparent, and adaptable; its applicability to other similar projects is assessed. / För en ökad tillgång till rymden finns det behov av standardisering för en förbättrad service. Utvecklingen av standardiserade rymdfarkostgränsytor för flera och olika nyttolaster har undersökts via ett dokumentet för gränssnittskontroll (ICD) inom projektet Peregrine Lunar Lander för Astrobotic Technologies, Inc. Proceduren är enkel, transparent och anpassningbar; dess användning för andra liknande projekt har värderats.

In the advent of Space 4.0 era with the commercialization and increased accessibility of space, a requirement analysis, trade-off options, development status and critical areas of a propulsion system for a Commercial Micro Moon Lander is carried out. An investigation of a suitable system for the current mission is examined in the frame of the ASTRI project of OHB System AG and Blue Horizon. Main trajectory strategies are being investigated and simulations are performed to extract the ∆V requirements. Top-level requirements are extracted which give the first input for the propulsion design. An evaluation of the propulsion requirements is implemented which outlines the factors that are more important and drive the propulsion design. The evaluation implements a dual comparison of the requirements where weighting factors are extracted, resulting the main drivers of the propulsion system design. A trade-off analysis is performed for various types of propulsion systems and a preliminary selection of a propulsion system suitable for the mission is described. A first-iteration architecture of the propulsion, ADCS and GNC subsystems are also presented as well as a component list. A first approach of the landing phase is described and an estimation of the required thrust is calculated. A unified Bipropellant propulsion system is proposed which fills out most of the mission requirements. However, the analysis shows that the total mass of the lander, including all the margins, exceeds a bit the mass limitations but no the volume limitations. The results shows that a decrease in payload capacity or the implementation of a different trajectory strategy can lower the mass below the limit. In addition, further iterations in the lander concept which will give a more detailed design, resulting to no extra margins, can drive the mass below the limit. Finally, a discussion on the results is done, addressing the limitations and the important factors that need to be considered for the mission. The viability of the mission due to its commercial aspect is being questioned and further investigation is suggested to be carried out on the ”micro” lander concept. / I tillkomsten av Space 4.0 era med kommersialisering och ökad tillgänglighet av rymden, en kravanalys, avvägningsalternativ, utvecklingsstatus och kritiska områden av ett framdrivningssystem för en kommersiell mikro månlandare bärs ut. En undersökning av ett lämpligt system för det aktuella uppdraget genomförs inom ramen för ASTRI-projektet för OHB System AG och Blue Horizon. Olika strategier för banor undersöks och simuleringar utförs för att extrahera ΔV-kraven. Topp-nivå krav definieras och ger den första inputen för designen av framdrivningssystemet. En utvärdering av framdrivningskraven implementeras och belyser de viktigaste faktorer som driver design av framdrivningssystemet. En avvägningsanalys utförs för olika typer av framdrivningssystem och ett preliminärt urval av ett framdrivningssystem som är lämpligt för uppdraget beskrivs. En arkitektur för framdrivningen, ADCS och GNC-delsystem presenteras såväl som en komponentlista. Ett första tillvägagångssätt av landningsfasen beskrivs och en uppskattning av den nödvändiga dragkraften beräknas. Ett enhetligt Bi-propellant framdrivningssystem föreslås som uppfyller ut de flesta uppdragskraven. Analysen visar dock att summan av månlandarens massa, inklusive alla marginaler, överstiger massbegränsningarna men inte de volymbegränsningarna uppsatta i projektet. Resultaten visar att en minskning av nyttolastkapaciteten eller genomförandet av en annan banstrategi kan minska den totala massan då den inom gränsvärdena. Dessutom, ytterligare iterationer i månlandarens koncept som kommer att ge en mer detaljerad design, vilket resulterar i inga extra marginaler, kan leda till att den uppskattade massan minskar ytterligare. Slutligen förs en diskussion om resultaten, med hänsyn till de begränsningarna och de viktigaste faktorerna som måste beaktas för uppdraget. Lönsamheten hos uppdraget på grund av sin kommersiella aspekt är ifrågasatt och vidare utredning föreslås utförs på ”mikro” månlandare konceptet.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vivian Scatolin.pdf: 24058709 bytes, checksum: 0c9438735be0e55834207c2a48b9c41e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-21 / The establishment of the aerospace science in Brazil is the subject of this investigation under the perspective of Science History. Mainly by analyzing official documents and legislation, we search for the ideas and concepts that guided the actions in three distinct moments: when Casimiro Montenegro Filho created the Aeronautics Technological Institute in the 1940 decade, known by the nationalism of the Vargas era; on the research efforts that permitted the foundation of the aircraft maker Embraer during the development-oriented decade of 1950 and the beginning of the Brazilian military dictatorship; and in the elaboration of the Brazilian space program, between the dictatorial regime and re-democratization. It starts from the hypothesis that the factor which led to the wellsucceeded nowadays performance of the country on building aircraft was the adoption of a model based on the tripod science teaching research industrial production. Meanwhile, in the space sector, internal difficulties and others imposed by international circumstances impede the goals of the Brazilian Complete Space Mission from being fully achieved. The relevancy of this work relies on the understanding that aviation and the reaching of space constitute state projects for the national modernization / A institucionalização da ciência aeroespacial no Brasil é o objeto desta investigação sob a perspectiva da história da ciência. Por meio da análise principalmente de documentos oficiais e da legislação, procurou-se apreender as concepções presentes em três momentos distintos: quando da criação, por Casimiro Montenegro Filho, do Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica na década de 1940, marcada pelo nacionalismo da Era Vargas; no esforço de pesquisa que propiciou a fundação da Embraer durante o desenvolvimentismo da década de 1950 e o início da ditadura militar, e na formulação do programa espacial brasileiro, entre o regime ditatorial e a redemocratização. Parte-se da hipótese de que o fator que levou ao atual bem sucedido desempenho do país na fabricação de aeronaves foi a aplicação de um modelo baseado no tripé ensino de ciência pesquisa produção industrial. Enquanto isso, no setor espacial, dificuldades internas e impostas pelo contexto internacional impedem que os objetivos da Missão Espacial Completa Brasileira sejam plenamente alcançados. A relevância deste trabalho reside na compreensão de que a aviação e o acesso ao espaço constituem projetos do Estado para a modernização nacional

This study aims to design and implement a domain-specific computer programming language: the Building Environment Rule and Analysis (BERA) Language. As a result of the growing area of Building Information Modeling (BIM), there has been a need to develop highly customized domain-specific programming languages for handling issues in building models in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. The BERA Language attempts to deal with building information models in an intuitive way in order to define and analyze rules in design stages. The application of the BERA Language aims to provide efficiency in defining, analyzing and checking rules. Specific example applications implemented in this dissertation are on the evaluation of two key aspects: building circulation and spatial programming. The objective of this study is to accomplish an effectiveness and ease of use without precise knowledge of general-purpose languages that are conventionally used in BIM software development. To achieve the goal, this study proposes an abstraction of the universe of discourse - it is the BERA Object Model (BOM). It is a human-centered abstraction of complex state of building models rather than the computation-oriented abstraction. By using BOM, users can enjoy the ease of use and portability of BIM data, rather than complex and platform-dependent data structures. This study also has reviewed and demonstrated its potential for extensibility of BOM. Not only its lateral extensions such as structural building elements, but also the vertical extensions such as additional properties for existing BOM objects are good examples. In current BERA Language Tool, many computed and derived properties/relations have been proposed and implemented, as well as some basic data directly from the given building model. Target users of the BERA Language are domain experts such as architects, designers, reviewers, owners, managers, students, etc., rather than BIM software developers. It means that the people who are interested in the building environment rule and analysis are the potential users. The BERA Language Tool comprises many libraries to alleviate common but unnecessary problems and limitations that are encountered when users attempt to analyze and evaluate building models using commercially available tools. Combined with other libraries which populate rich and domain-specific datasets for certain purposes, the BERA Language will be fairly versatile to define rules and analyze various building environmental conditions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiane Morais Borges.pdf: 3503545 bytes, checksum: 7297b721aeaa0cb975f5cbd2df5be8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis has arisen from the complex Internet networks intending to build up new Space paradigms based on practices of free software and hardware and open source systems, as they appeared, roughly, since the turn of the century. In order to examine these new paradigms, I consider prior processes connected to the Space Culture. The text goes back to the history of the Space Race; the first rockets, the first satellites, some tenets of the international politics that guided the cold war in the years after the Second World War. I bring up interesting elements of the Space programs both of the US and the USSR, as well as the main technicians and scientists behind the engineering of the rockets. The research dives in the rockets of Nazi Germany who first invested in the production of rockets, goes to communist Russia as well as to liberal post-war America. The thesis brings up ideas concerning Space utopias, science fiction in literature and cinema and engages with the difference between Space exploration taken up by humans and by robots. It examines the first rocket flights and the first artificial satellites placed in outer Space, paying attention to the particulars of each of those first endeavors, to their purpose and to how much they accomplished their mission. The thesis is therefore ready to question the importance of the Space Race to human imagination and to analyse the realm of Space dreams from the late 19th century up to now. The last part of the thesis is concerned with the groups that are building Space travels in an independent way, moved either by ideological or by commercial reasons. The investigation uncovers the ideas of each of those groups concerning Space exploration. It then goes on to think the relation between the makers of such exploration and a possible industrial revolution. Finally, the thesis raises some criticisms to the creative processes of individuals, groups, networks and social movements that are concerned with the outer Space / Essa tese surge a partir das complexas redes de internet voltadas à construção de novos paradigmas espaciais, baseadas em práticas de software e hardware livre e sistemas open source que surgiram, a grosso modo, a partir dos anos 2000. Mas para chegar nesse ponto foi preciso investigar processos anteriores em relação à Cultura Espacial. O texto retoma a história da Corrida Espacial, os primeiros foguetes, os primeiros satélites, a política que estava em voga durante os anos da Guerra Fria pós II Guerra Mundial. Ela tenta levantar os pontos de tensão dos programas espaciais da União Soviética e dos Estados Unidos, assim como dos principais técnicos que estavam por traz de toda a engenharia de foguetes. Vai mergulhar na Alemanha Nazista que foi a primeira a investir irrestritamente na produção de foguetes, passeia pela Russia comunista e o liberalismo americano. A tese traz à tona ideias sobre utopias espaciais, ficção científica na literatura e no cinema, e analisa a diferença entre exploração espacial humana e robótica. Traz tabelas dos primeiros vôos espaciais e os primeiros satélites levados ao Espaço, atentando para as particularidades de cada um deles, para que serviam e que fim levaram. Levanta questionamentos sobre a importância da Corrida Espacial para a imaginação humana e analisa o arco dos sonhos espaciais desde o final do século XIX até os dias atuais. O final da tese é dedicada aos grupos que estão retomando a questão das viagens espaciais de forma independente, sejam grupos ideológicos ou mais empresariais e as ideias de cada um a respeito da exploração espacial. Pensa a relação dos makers com uma possível revolução industrial e levanta algumas críticas aos processos criativos de indivíduos, grupos, redes e movimentos sociais que se dedicam ao espaço