Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2010. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on July 8, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2006. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-104). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rhodes University, 2004. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 2, 2006). Includes bibliographical references (p. 263-293).

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-92). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2007. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Andrew J. Hansen. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:46:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 giasson_lom_dr_rcla.pdf: 2766767 bytes, checksum: 22e537abf2216690d23b729eaf8f2f38 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A Mata Atlântica é um dos biomas mais biodiversos e, ao mesmo tempo, mais ameaçados do planeta. Estudos com anuros têm corroborado este padrão de diversidade, demonstrando que há grande variação na composição de espécies, mesmo entre localidades próximas neste bioma. Sob estas condições estudos de comunidades com anuros são de alta relevância e oportunos para investigar os fatores que estruturam as comunidades. Deste modo, foram caracterizadas as espécies de anuros de uma área de Mata Atlântica, detalhando a estrutura da comunidade. Investigou-se a organização sazonal das espécies, o padrão de uso do ambiente e a partilha dos recursos e a similaridade com outras taxocenoses do Sul e Sudeste. Para tanto, foram feitas 25 amostragens no Núcleo Santa Virgínia do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. As espécies em atividade vocal e demais evidências de reprodução foram registradas e as vocalizações gravadas. Nas excursões, durando de quatro a oito dias, eram amostrados e registrados os ambientes usados pelos anuros. Foram registradas 50 espécies de anuros sendo a ampla maioria tipicamente associada à Mata Atlântica. Na atividade sazonal ocorreu uma gradação entre espécies restritas aos meses do verão, passando por espécies com período mais amplo de atividade, até espécies restritas ao inverno. O padrão de uso do ambiente em geral refletiu a filogenia e a maior sobreposição nesta dimensão do nicho ocorreu entre espécies aparentadas, apesar de também ocorrerem convergências entre espécies pouco aparentadas. Restrições herdadas são mais razoáveis para explicar os padrões gerais de uso do ambiente do que competição interespecífica ou predação ocorrendo no presente. A taxocenose de anuros deste estudo se assemelhou àquelas situadas em áreas serranas da Mata Atlântica. A similaridade na composição de espécies entre as localidades está fortemente relacionada às distâncias geográficas entre elas. / The Atlantic forest is one the world’s most diverse biomes and at the same time on of the most threatened. Studies on frogs are confirming this pattern, showing great variance in species composition, even among close localities in this biome. From this perspective, studies on frog communities are of extreme importance to elucidate the factors structuring these communities. Thus, herein we characterize the frog species from a locality in the Atlantic Forest, providing details on community structure. Seasonal activity of species, pattern of habitat use, resource partitioning, and species composition similarity between regions in the South and Southeast Brazil were investigated. Twenty-five samples were carried out at Núcleo Santa Virgínia, at the Serra do Mar State Park, São Paulo state, southeast Brazil. Calling activity of species, other reproductive evidences, and vocalizations were registered. During the surveys, which lasted from four to eight days, habitats used by the species were sampled and characterized. A total of 50 anuran species was registered; the great majority typical of the Atlantic Forest. Regarding seasonality, we detected a continuum from species with activity during the summer, to species exhibiting a more prolonged season, up to species restricted to the winter. Habitat use, in general, reflected the phylogeny and the greater overlap occurred among close related species, although convergence among distant species was also observed. Restrictions related to phylogeny are more plausible to explain the general pattern of habitat use observed here, than are present interspecific competition or predation. Community composition at the study site was more similar to those from montane areas located in the Atlantic Forest and species composition similarity was strongly related to the geographic distances among them. Localities under the influence of the Atlantic Forest are less similar among them than are those ...

The invasive Indo-Pacific Lionfish Pterois volitans has been recognized as a severe threat to indigenous fish species on Caribbean reefs. Previous studies have identified an extensive variety of Caribbean fishes in the stomachs of lionfish, but few have tried to quantify the impact these invaders could have on endemic or threatened species. The threatened Labrid fish Halichoeres socialis has been identified as the primary component of lionfish diet in Belizean lagoonal reef systems. This study aims to answer two questions: what is the average maximum number of prey-fish a lionfish can consume in one sitting, and at what rate can these lionfish pass a meal of three prey fish completely? To test lionfish satiation, the subjects were fed as many Pseudohemiculter dispar (a commercially available surrogate) as they could eat within a fifteen-minute window. During the digestion rate experiment, lionfish were fed three similarly sized P. dispar and allowed to digest in 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 19, and 24 hour blocks. From observing prey throughput under near optimal laboratory conditions, the maximum potential impact of lionfish on native populations of Caribbean reef dwelling fishes can be estimated. Given the volume and mass of prey items consumed in this study between 593 and 4658 individual H. socialis could be consumed by a single lionfish in one year. Coupled with further investigation into H. socialis stock numbers, lionfish (P. volitans) could be considered a potentially immanent threat to fishes that exhibit body morphometrics like those of H. socialis at any stage of their life-history.

Information was gathered regarding all aquarium and already introduced alien snail species (Gastropods), which are being imported to Europe. For the integrity of the research non-native and aquarium clams (Bivalve) were also included. Profiles of species were created based on collected information and the data were subsequently used for creating questionnaires. Questionnaires of each species were processed by FI - ISK, version 1.19 screening tool. Score of invasiveness risk potential was evaluated for each species individually. Surveyed taxa were divided into three groups according to their scores: low risk, medium risk and high risk. Celetaia persculpta was evaluated as aquarium snail (Gastropods) with the lowest risk for native fauna of Czech Republic. According to the results, Pomacea maculata and Pomacea canaliculata are the aquarium snails (Gastropods) with the highest invasiveness risk potential. The riskiest introduced species is Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Scabies crispata and Hyriopsis bialata are clams (Bivalve) with the least risk for the native fauna of Czech Republic. Corbicula fluminea and Dreissena polymorpha were analyzed as clams (Bivalve) with the highest invasiveness risk potential. By comparing aquarium species with species that were already introduced into Czech nature, I conclude that the aquarium snails (clams) do not represent similar risk like the alien species that were introduced without the share of aquarists.

Subsidized harvest of invasive silver carp Hypopthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp H. nobilis (collectively referred to as Asian carp) from the Illinois River have been initiated in an effort to control their populations. However, market-driven control strategies have been suggested in an effort to reduce or eliminate the need for subsidies. Given that Asian carp are not a favored food fish in the U.S. and exporting to Asian markets is currently not economically feasible, industrial applications such as fish meal production have been explored. Fish meal production to support aquafeed manufacturing is potentially a high-value, high-volume market which is essential to a market-driven approach. However, the nutrient composition of Asian carp as a raw material from the Illinois River needs to be evaluated as well as the nutrient digestibility and production performance of a rendered Asian carp fish meal product to fully assess its suitability for use in aquafeeds. To determine the suitability of Asian carp to support aquafeed manufacturing, we evaluated seasonal and geographical differences in Asian carp harvested from the Illinois River, performed standard digestibility trials with hybrid striped bass and rainbow trout, and assessed production performance through standard feeding trials with hybrid striped bass, rainbow trout, and cobia. Results indicate slight geographical and seasonal variation in body composition, though both species represent protein-dense raw materials suitable for fish meal production. Additionally, Asian carp fish meal is a highly digestible feedstuff that closely resembles the nutrient content of traditional menhaden fish meal sources, although it is slightly less digestible. Production performance of fish fed practical Asian carp fish meal based diets was similar to those that used menhaden fish meal. Overall, Asian carp fish meal appears to be a highly-digestible, nutrient-dense ingredient suitable for inclusion in aquafeeds. Therefore, rendering Asian carp into fish meal appears to be a viable market-driven approach to help control Asian carp populations.

Invasive plant species have widespread effects on the ecosystems they inhabit. Extensive research has been done on the economic and ecological impact of invasive species in relation to native plant species, but little is known about the effect of these species on native fauna. My study examined the impact of an invasive plant species Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn olive) on small mammals populations in southern Illinois. Elaeagnus umbellata is a native shrub of southeast Asia and was introduced to the United States in the 1830s. It is now the fifth most abundant invasive plant species in the state of Illinois. To determine the impact of this invasive shrub on small mammal populations, Sherman traps were set up in six separate trapping webs, three in upland forests with heavy E. umbellata cover and three in upland forests with little to no E. umbellata cover (control). Trapping spanned three seasons from March-August 2013. Through the use of capture and release methods, individuals were measured, weighed, and marked for possible recapture. Beginning in season 3, Cuterebra fontinella (bot fly) abundance in small mammals was also assessed. Differences in relative abundance of small mammal populations were determined using a repeated measures ANOVA with a Tukey test. T-tests were used to determine any significant difference among small mammals between forest types. Very little difference was found among the measured variables between the invaded and control forest sites. Prevalance of C. fontinella was also similar, but the resulting percentage of infection was much higher when compared to other studies in the literature. These results indicate there is little effect of E. umbellata on small mammal populations, although the long-term impacts of this invasive species may need further research.