Circular economy is an economic model that is gaining more and more attention, themodel aims to close production chains by recirculate waste into the system as newraw material. Spent coffee grounds are a waste that has great potential to becomenew products since the spent coffee ground contains many valuable substances suchas polysaccharides, polyphenols, and lipids. Swedes are the sixth largest coffeeconsumers per capita in the world, which means that large quantities of coffeegrounds are produced in the country. Therefore, the purpose of this report is toinvestigate possible ways to valorize spent coffee grounds in the municipality ofStockholm, as an alternative to the treatment processes that exist today. Toinvestigate this, the main methods have been a literature review, a field study andeconomic analyses based on existing data. The results show that from 5 large coffee-shop chains in the municipality of Stockholm, approximately 138,477 kg of coffeegrounds can be collected each year. Furthermore, it shows that five differentmethods for extracting polysaccharides, polyphenols, biochar, oil, and protein fromspent coffee grounds have been effective and that these substances and products canbe used in, for example, the food industry, in cosmetics, as plastics and asadsorbents. The economic assessment shows that biochar, polyphenols, and oil arethe compounds and products that are economically profitable to extract, and theycan give a maximum profit of SEK 482.28/kg of spent coffee grounds. The resultsare consistent with previous research on the subject, but there are someuncertainties in the exact figures as there is a lack of economic analyses for spentcoffee grounds in the previous research. However, the results show great potentialfor spent coffee grounds in a circular economy, but further research is required toensure the economic gain. In addition, analyses need to be done on the ecologicalsustainability and more studies need to be done on coffee grounds in Sweden tovalidate the results. / Cirkulär ekonomi är en ekonomisk modell som får mer och mer uppmärksamhet,modellen syftar till att sluta produktionskedjor genom att återinföra avfall som nyttråmaterial. Kaffesump är ett avfall som har stor potential att bli nya produkter pågrund av att sumpen innehåller många värdefulla ämnen som polysackarider,polyfenoler och lipider. Svenskar är de sjätte största kaffekonsumenterna per capitai världen vilket gör att stora mängder kaffesump produceras i landet. Därför är syftetmed denna rapport att undersöka möjliga vägar för att värdesätta kaffesump iStockholms stad, som alternativ till de behandlingsprocesser som finns idag. För attundersöka detta har de huvudsakliga metoderna varit en litteraturstudie, enfältstudie och ekonomiska analyser baserade på befintliga data. Resultaten visar attfrån 5 stora kafékedjor i Stockholms stad kan cirka 138 477 kg kaffesump samlas invarje år. Vidare visar det att fem olika metoder för att utvinna polysackarider,polyfenoler, biokol, olja och protein ur kaffesump har varit effektiva och att dessaämnen och produkter kan användas inom exempelvis livsmedelsindustrin, ikosmetika, som plast och som adsorberande material. Den ekonomiskabedömningen visar att biokol, polyfenoler och olja är de ämnen och produkter somär ekonomiskt lönsamma att utvinna och de kan ge en maximal vinst på 482,28kr/kg kaffesump. Resultaten stämmer överens med tidigare forskning på ämnet mendet finns vissa osäkerheter i de exakta siffrorna då det saknas ekonomiska analyserför kaffesump i den tidigare forskningen. Resultaten visar dock på stor potential förkaffesump i en cirkulär ekonomi men vidare forskning krävs för att säkerställa denekonomiska vinningen. Dessutom behöver analyser göras på den ekologiskahållbarheten och fler studier behöver göras på kaffesump i Sverige för att valideraresultaten.

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The current anthropogenic practices of generating single-use waste streams in agriculture, forestry and manufacturing industries have created a host of environmental health problems. Humankind's reliance on non-renewable resources for the production of food and materials, and its current approach to product design and development, are clearly unsustainable. One mitigation strategy to reducing industrial and municipal solid waste, as well as environmental pollution, can be found in using white rot fungi to valorize our planet's most abundant and regenerative natural resource – plant biomass containing lignocellulose. From residual dry plant matter, white rot fungi can be employed through a solid-state fermentation process to produce a variety of edible, nutrient-dense saprotrophic mushrooms in addition to biologically augmented composite materials. Under the framework of the circular economy, agricultural and forestry byproducts with fibers containing lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose may be used as a feedstock for the production of both food and biomaterials – keeping plant biomass revolving through multiple cycles of use and reuse for a variety of product outputs that are biodegradable and help to sequester carbon. In this study, mushrooms were grown on a variety of lignocellulosic substrates derived from agricultural and forestry residues. Hemp-based substrates performed the best of the feedstocks with regard to mushroom yield and mycelium colonization time. Additionally, a number of mycelium composite products were designed and fabricated in this study using residual lignocellulosic plant biomass, including: insulation bricks, acoustical panels, and biodegradable planter pots. In particular, spent mushroom substrate containing hemp hurd and other agricultural and forestry residues showed significant potential in upcycling lignocellulosic plant biomass for the production of both mushrooms and mycelium materials. Regenerative design practices demonstrated how food and materials can be generated from the same lignocellulosic feedstock; therefore, reducing waste, circulating products and materials, and ultimately regenerating nature. / Master of Science / Environmental pollution and natural resource scarcity have encouraged exploration into using biologically based materials for the production of more ecologically friendly products. By valorizing the Earth's most abundant, renewable natural resource for the production of food and materials– dry plant matter containing lignocellulose – waste is reduced, carbon is stored, and materials can remain upcycled through multiple generations of production. Lignocellulosic residues – natural fibers containing the biopolymers lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose – have recently been given increased attention due to their ability to be aggregated and grown into low-cost, lightweight materials using white rot fungi. Mushroom farming has historically valorized lignocellulosic agricultural and forestry residues to grow an edible, nutrient-dense food crop. This thesis investigates the potential of various agricultural and forestry residues for the production of mushrooms and mycelium-based lignocellulosic composites. Furthermore, this study explores the utilization of spent mushroom substrate for the production of several mycelium-based composite products within the framework of the circular economy. Hemp-based substrates demonstrated significant potential in both mushroom production and mycelium composite fabrication, outperforming other agricultural residues in this study with regard to mushroom yield and speed of mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. More research into the tunable lignocellulosic substrate compositions will continue to help advance mushroom production and mycelium-based composite generation as environmentally friendly materials and production practices continue to gain interest.

Heat-related illnesses and deaths are significant public health problems. Extreme heat is the No.1 deadliest form of weather on average in 1990-2019 in the US according to the National Weather Service. Measurements and forecasts made at regional weather stations are a common data source of Heatwave Early Warning Systems. However, regional weather stations provide inaccurate estimates of the heat index that people experience in different microclimates. Introducing a direct measurement of heat index experienced by individuals via wearable sensors will allow more accurate exposure assessment and identification of factors associated with dangerous exposures to extreme heat. The goal of this dissertation is to characterize the individually experienced heat index exposure via wearable sensors in an urban and a rural location in summer in a southern part of the United States. In the first study, 51 outdoor workers in Birmingham, Alabama wore a small thermometer attached to their shoe. Their occupational Wet Bulb Globe Temperatures (WBGT), a comprehensive heat exposure index, was estimated from either temperature from the shoe thermometers or nearby weather stations. In the second and third studies, 88 urban participants and 89 rural participants completed a seven-day intervention where they performed normal activity on Days 1-2 and spent an additional 30 minutes outdoors daily on Days 3-7. Participants wore a small thermometer attached to the shoe and a pedometer at their waist to track steps. Neighborhood hygrometers/thermometers were deployed close to participants' homes to measure neighborhood level heat indexes. In the fourth study, we conducted a phone survey including 101 participants in the same urban and rural locations to examine how their heat-health behaviors changed due to COVID-19 and high profiles of police brutality cases in Summer 2020 compared to previous summers. The results demonstrated that (1) a wearable thermometer on the shoe was a feasible way to measure individually experienced temperatures; (2) among outdoor workers, WBGT from shoe thermometer temperatures estimated more hours in dangerous exposure categories and recommended more protective work-rest schedules compared to WBGT from weather station temperatures; (3) neighborhood level heat indexes improved the prediction of individually experienced heat indexes compared to weather station data alone; (4) rural participants experienced higher heat index exposures than urban participants, after accounting for ambient conditions; (5) spending a small amount of additional time outdoors was a feasible and effective intervention where participants walked more steps and had lower individually experienced heat indexes during the intervention days compared to baseline days; (6) a significantly lower percent of participants reported they would use public cooling centers in Summer 2020 compared to previous summers. Taken together, the results of these studies identified methods for more accurate heat exposure assessment and its application in monitoring heat-safety while promoting physical activity via time spent outdoors in the summer. Future work could incorporate physiological response monitoring linked to simultaneous individually experienced heat exposure to further characterize exposure-response relationships across different populations. Additionally, a longer intervention and more advanced wearable devices such Fitbit, Apple Watches could be used to monitor sustainability of the intervention and intervention benefits beyond short term increases in physical activity, respectively. / Doctor of Philosophy / Extreme high temperatures/humidity can bring dangerous adverse effects in people. Extreme heat is on average the deadliest form of weather in 1990-2019 in the US estimated by National Weather Service. Heatwave Early Warning Systems are introduced to closely monitor extreme heat events, estimate the magnitude of health consequences due to extreme heat, send warning messages to vulnerable populations, and trigger response plans to reduce the dangerous health effects of heat. Heatwave Early Warning Systems generally rely on the measurement and forecasts from regional weather stations. However, the temperature/humidity measurements made at weather stations can be different from the temperature/humidity people experience. People can live far away from weather stations and they move through indoor and outdoor locations, where weather station measurements will not represent temperatures experienced, particularly in climate-controlled indoor settings. Therefore, we recruited participants in an urban and a rural location and had each participant wear a small thermometer clipped to their shoe to directly measure the temperature they experienced as they went about their normal activities. In the first study, 51 outdoor workers wore this small thermometer on their shoe at work. We calculated a comprehensive heat exposure index from either the shoe thermometer temperatures or nearby weather station temperatures. In the second and third studies, 88 urban participants and 89 rural participants completed a seven-day intervention where they performed normal activities on Days 1-2 and spent an additional 30 minutes outdoors daily on Days 3-7. Participants wore the small thermometer clipped to the shoe and a pedometer at their waist to track how many steps they walked. We placed temperature/humidity sensors close to participants' homes to take measurements at a neighborhood level. In the fourth study, we conducted a phone survey including 101 participants in the same urban and rural locations to examine whether they had different cooling methods due to the COVID-19 pandemic and high profiles of police brutality cases in Summer 2020 compared to previous summers. The results demonstrated that (1) a small thermometer clipped on the shoe was a feasible way to measure temperatures at the individual level; (3) among outdoor workers, the comprehensive heat exposure index using temperatures from the shoe thermometers estimated more hours when outdoor workers were at a risk of dangerous exposure to extreme heat, and it recommended more rest time for workers to cool off compared to using weather station temperatures alone; (3) neighborhood level temperature/humidity was more representative of the temperatures recorded from thermometers on the shoe compared to nearby weather stations; (4) rural participants experienced higher temperature/humidity than urban participants, even when their nearby weather station temperature measurements were the same; (5) spending a small amount of additional time outdoors is a feasible and effective intervention where participants walked more steps and experienced lower temperature/humidity during the intervention days compared to baseline days; (6) a smaller number of participants reported they would use public cooling centers/spaces (e.g., air-conditioned library, air-conditioned churches, waterparks) to cool down due to fear of contracting COVID-19 and safety concerns brought by the high profiles of police brutality cases in Summer 2020 compared to previous summers. Taken together, the results of these studies showed that the wearable thermometers clipped on the shoe could provide more accurate assessment of temperatures experienced by participants compared to weather stations. This method could be used in future outdoor time interventions to monitor and ensure participants safely spend time outdoors while minimizing the risk of heat-related illness. In future work, more advanced sensors (e.g., Fitbit, Apple Watch) can be worn by participants to measure physiological responses across different temperatures experienced. Additionally, a longer intervention time can be used to test if participants would continue to spend additional time outdoors.

Background: In many developing countries, maternal deaths occur mainly as a result of unsafe abortions, a situation reflecting the inaccessibility of safe abortion services in such countries. In Ethiopia, unsafe abortion accounts for 32% of maternal deaths and almost 60% of gynaecological admissions, and is one of the top ten causes of general hospital admissions. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the views of women about the accessibility of safe abortion services in governmental health centres. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive and non-experimental study using structured questionnaires was conducted. 342 women who had received abortion care services in governmental health centres participated. Findings: 46.8% of the participants do not know about the penal code regarding safe abortion care. 52.9% of the participants viewed safe abortion care as inaccessible because there are various and competing factors which make abortion service to be viewed as accessible or inaccessible and these include distance to nearest health centre, the time it takes to receive the service, the cost of the service, and the lack of appropriate skills in the service providers. Conclusion: An improvement in the accessibility of abortion services will prevent deaths resulting from unsafe abortions / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Este trabajo ha estado dirigido al estudio de un proceso eficaz de separación que posibilite la recuperación de zinc de efluentes de decapado ácido de elevada toxicidad, así como su posterior concentración en una fase de características físico-químicas adecuadas para posibilitar su reciclado en baños electrolíticos. Para ello se propone la extracción líquido-líquido no dispersiva como tecnología limpia de elevada eficacia y con bajo requerimiento energético.Tras una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica, se seleccionan el fosfato de tributilo y el agua de red como agentes extractante y reextractante respectivamente. A lo largo del trabajo y tras una etapa previa dirigida a la evaluación de la viabilidad técnica del proceso, se caracterizaron experimentalmente las reacciones responsables de las etapas de extracción y reextracción, así como la cinética del proceso de separación, para a continuación plantear el modelo matemático y determinar los parámetros característicos del sistema necesarios para el diseño y optimización del proceso de separación-concentración de zinc de efluentes de decapado ácido metálico. / The work was focused on the study of the recovery of zinc from spent pickling effluents, under conditions that permitted the recovery of electrolytic grade metal, thus, reducing the effluent toxicity and with valorisation, at the same time, of the component of higher added value. After a deep literature review, non dispersive solvent extraction using tributyl phosphate (TBP) and service water as extraction and back extraction agents, respectively, was selected as the best separatión alternative. The work started with the analysis of the process viability and included an experimental design of the equilibrium, and kinetics of the phenomena involved in the metal valorisation. The kinetic analysis of the membrane assisted process of zinc recovery from spent pickling effluents was carried out, obtaining the mathematical model and parameters needed for design and optimisation of the metal separation step in a valorisation process.

Background: In many developing countries, maternal deaths occur mainly as a result of unsafe abortions, a situation reflecting the inaccessibility of safe abortion services in such countries. In Ethiopia, unsafe abortion accounts for 32% of maternal deaths and almost 60% of gynaecological admissions, and is one of the top ten causes of general hospital admissions. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the views of women about the accessibility of safe abortion services in governmental health centres. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive and non-experimental study using structured questionnaires was conducted. 342 women who had received abortion care services in governmental health centres participated. Findings: 46.8% of the participants do not know about the penal code regarding safe abortion care. 52.9% of the participants viewed safe abortion care as inaccessible because there are various and competing factors which make abortion service to be viewed as accessible or inaccessible and these include distance to nearest health centre, the time it takes to receive the service, the cost of the service, and the lack of appropriate skills in the service providers. Conclusion: An improvement in the accessibility of abortion services will prevent deaths resulting from unsafe abortions / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

In a nuclear fuel cask, the heat generating spent fuel rods are packed in a housing and the resulting bundle is placed inside a cask of thick outer shell made of materials like lead or concrete. The cask presents a wide variation in geometrical dimensions ranging from the diameter of the rods to the diameter of the cask. To make the problem tractable, first the heat generating rod bundle alone is considered for analysis and the effective thermal conductance of the bundle is correlated in terms of the relevant parameters. In the second part, the bundle is represented as a solid of equivalent thermal conductance and the attention is focused on the modelling of the cask. The first part, dealing with the effective thermal conductance is solved using Fluent software, considering coupled conduction, natural convection and surface radiation in the heat generating rod bundle encased in a hexagonal sheath. Helium, argon, air and nitrogen are considered as working media inside the bundle. A correlation is obtained for the critical Rayleigh number which signifies the onset of natural convection. A correlation is also developed for the effective thermal conductance of the bundle, considering all the modes of transport, in terms of the maximum temperature in the rod bundle, pitch-to-diameter ratio, bundle dimension (or number of rods), heat generation rate and the sheath temperature. The correlation covers pitch-to-diameter ratios in the range 1.1-2, number of rods ranging from 19 to 217 and the heat generation rates encountered in practical applications. The second part deals with the heat transfer modeling of the cask with the bundle represented as a solid of effective (or equivalent) thermal conductance. The mathematical model describes two-dimensional conjugate natural convection and its interaction with surface radiation in the cask. Both Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq formulations have been considered for convection. Numerical solutions are obtained on a staggered mesh with a pressure correction method using a custom-made Fortran code. The surface radiation is coupled to the conduction and convection at the solid-fluid interfaces. Steady-state results are obtained using time-marching. Results for various quantities of interest, namely, the flow and temperature distributions, Nusselt numbers, and interface temperatures, are presented. The Grashof number based on the volumetric heat generation and gap width is varied from 105 to 5 ×109. The emissivities of the interfaces are varied from 0.2-0.8 for the radiative calculations. The solid-to-fluid thermal conductivity ratio for the inner cylinder is varied in the range 5-20 in the parametric studies. Simulations are also performed with thermal conductivity calculated in an iterative manner from bundle parameters. The dimensionless outer wall conductivity ratio is chosen to correspond to cask walls made of lead or concrete. The dimensionless thickness (with respect to gap width) of the outer shell is in the range of 0.0825-1, while the inner cylinder dimensionless radius is 0.2. Air is the working medium in the cask for which the Prandtl number is 0.71. Correlations are obtained for the average temperatures and Nusselt numbers at the inner interface in terms of the parameters. The radiation heat transfer is found to contribute significantly to the heat dissipation.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-11-11T16:39:02Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-11T16:39:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O reator de pesquisas IEA-R1 opera em regime de 40 h semanais à potência de 4,5 MW. Nestas condições, os cestos disponíveis para o armazenamento dos elementos combustíveis irradiados possuem menos de metade da sua capacidade inicial. Assim, nestas condições de operação, teremos apenas cerca de seis anos de capacidade para armazenamento. Considerando que a vida útil desejada do IEA-R1 seja de pelo menos mais 20 anos, será necessário aumentar a capacidade de armazenamento de combustível irradiado. Dr. Henrik Grahn, especialista da Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica sobre o armazenamento molhado (em piscinas de estocagem), ao visitar o reator IEA-R1 (setembro/2012) fez algumas recomendações. Entre elas, a concepção e instalação de cestos fabricados com aço inoxidável borado e internamente revestidos com uma película de alumínio, de modo que a corrosão dos elementos combustíveis não ocorresse. Após uma revisão da literatura sobre opções de materiais disponíveis para esse tipo de aplicação chegamos ao BoralcanTM fabricado pela 3M devido suas propriedades. Este trabalho apresenta estudos sobre a análise de criticalidade com o código computacional MCNP-5 utilizando duas bibliotecas americanas de dados nucleares avaliados (ENDF/B-VI e ENDF/B-VII) comparativamente. Estas análises demonstraram a possibilidade de dobrar a capacidade de armazenamento de elementos combustíveis, no mesmo espaço ocupado pelos cestos atuais, atendendo a demanda do reator de pesquisas IEA-R1 e também satisfazendo os requisitos de segurança da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) e da Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (IAEA). / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-01T20:19:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marianny Silva Canedo - 2015.pdf: 18768741 bytes, checksum: fcc66b1f3d382a6d6d99821e7c4dd7b5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-06-02T11:08:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marianny Silva Canedo - 2015.pdf: 18768741 bytes, checksum: fcc66b1f3d382a6d6d99821e7c4dd7b5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-02T11:08:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marianny Silva Canedo - 2015.pdf: 18768741 bytes, checksum: fcc66b1f3d382a6d6d99821e7c4dd7b5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The majority of agroindustrial by-products are rich in low digestible fiber, and the bioconversion process for the production of microbial protein can be a practical and promising alternative to increase the protein content and nutritional value of substrate and food quality, turning these fibers into digestible components for the feeding of non-ruminant animals. Thus, this paper was aimed at protein enrichment of brewery spent grain by Rhizopus oligosporus CCT 4134 by solid state fermentation to be added in diets of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Solid state fermentation experiments were performed in order to determine the highest protein increment studying variables initial moisture (50, 60 and 70%) and supplemental nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate, urea and sodium nitrate). To study the addition of fermented brewery spent grain in diets of Nile tilapia, 120 juveniles were used, divided into 24 boxes representing the six levels of addition (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) of fermented brewery spent grain and four replications of each treatment. Fish were fed for 67 days between May and August 2015, the period where the water temperature was below the thermal comfort for the species. Solid state fermentation provided protein enrichment of brewery spent grain in about 2 and 4 times the content of crude and soluble protein, respectively, and is considered an alternative to use of industrial by-products to replace traditional ingredients in diets of juvenile Nile tilapia, because with the addition of fermented brewery spent grain, no significant difference in productive performance, hematological and biochemical parameters of juveniles Nile tilapia was found. Thus, the fermentation of brewery spent grain is a good alternative to be used as substrate for the cultivation of Rhizopus oligosporus and microbial protein production, allowing its use as a protein supplement in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia, with addition of up to 10 % without compromising growth performance and hematological parameters of the species. / A maioria dos subprodutos agroindustriais é rica em fibras com baixa digestibilidade, e o processo de bioconversão para produção de proteína microbiana, pode ser uma alternativa prática e promissora para aumentar o teor proteico, o valor nutritivo do substrato e a qualidade da alimentação, transformando estas fibras em componentes digestíveis para alimentação de animais não ruminantes. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo o enriquecimento proteico do bagaço de malte por Rhizopus oligosporus CCT 4134 via fermentação em estado sólido e adição em dietas de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Na fermentação em estado sólido foram realizados experimentos visando determinar o maior aumento proteico, estudando as variáveis umidade inicial (50, 60 e 70%) e suplementação de fontes de nitrogênio (sulfato de amônio, ureia e nitrato de sódio). Para estudar a adição do bagaço de malte fermentado em dietas de tilápia do Nilo, foram utilizados 120 juvenis, distribuídos em 24 caixas que representa os seis níveis de adição (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10%) do bagaço de malte fermentado e quatro repetições de cada tratamento. Os peixes foram alimentados por 67 dias compreendidos entre os meses de maio a agosto de 2015, período que a temperatura da água estava abaixo do conforto térmico da espécie. A fermentação em estado sólido proporcionou enriquecimento proteico do bagaço de malte em aproximadamente 2 e 4 vezes no conteúdo de proteína bruta e proteína solúvel, respectivamente, sendo considerada uma alternativa para aproveitamento dos subprodutos industriais na substituição de ingredientes tradicionais em dietas de tilápia do Nilo, pois com a adição do bagaço de malte fermentado não observou diferença significativa nos parâmetros de desempenho produtivo e parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos dos juvenis de tilápia do Nilo. Com isso, a fermentação do bagaço de malte é uma boa alternativa para seu aproveitamento como substrato para o cultivo de Rhizopus oligosporus e produção de proteína microbiana, permitindo sua utilização como suplemento proteico em dietas para juvenis de tilápia do Nilo, com adição de até 10%, sem comprometer o desempenho produtivo e parâmetros hematológicos da espécie.