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Strukturell komplexe intermetallische Phasen : Untersuchungen an binären und ternären Phasen der Systeme Ag-Mg und Ag-Ga-MgKudla, Christian 16 November 2007 (has links)
Im Rahmen der Dissertation wurden Komplexe Intermetallische Phasen (KIP) in den Systemen Ag-Mg und Ag-Ga-Mg dargestellt und charakterisiert. KIP sind Verbindungen, die sich grundlegend von einfachen Metallen unterscheiden. Große Elementarzellen, ein hierarchisch strukturierter Aufbau und inhärente Fehlordnung sind wesentliche Charakteristika. Empirisch wird zudem eine Häufung von strukturchemisch verwandten KIP (Ähnlichkeitsregel) in der Nähe von definierten Zusammensetzungen beobachtet (Häufungsregel). Obwohl nur wenig über die physikalischen Eigenschaften dieser Verbindungsklasse bekannt ist, zeigen neueste Untersuchungen, dass sie interessante Eigenschaften wie ungewöhnliches plastisches Verhalten und Pseudo-Bandlücken in der elektronischen Zustandsdichte in Höhe der Fermi-Energie aufweisen können. Diese Arbeit zeigt exemplarisch, dass in der Chemie der KIP durchaus einfache Regeln (Häufungs-, Ähnlichkeits-, Valenzelektronenkonzentrationsregel) genutzt werden können, um neue Verbindungen mit vorgegebenen geometrischen Baueinheiten aufzufinden. Vereinfachende Annahmen, wie die Aussage, dass zweikomponentige Mackay-Cluster keine Fehlordnung aufweisen oder dass ein Mackay-Cluster maximal 92 Valenzelektronen enthält, erwiesen sich hingegen als falsch. Die Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass eine Kombination verschiedener Synthesemethoden notwendig ist. Insbesondere hat sich das Schmelzspinnverfahren, das zur Darstellung kristalliner magnesiumreicher Legierungen angewandt und modifiziert wurde, bei der phasenreinen Synthese der Verbindungen bewährt. Die Entwicklung von Spritzdüsen aus Tantal ermöglichte die kontaminationsfreie Verarbeitung der Mg-haltigen Legierungen. Die Bestimmung der Kristallstrukturen inklusive der Fehlordnungsphänomene war für das Verständnis der Stabilität der KIP entscheidend. Da häufig zwischen verschiedenen Modellen zur Beschreibung der Fehlordnung entschieden werden musste, waren neben präzisen Beugungsdaten genaue Untersuchungen der Präparate mittels chemischer Analytik, Metallographie und WDX hinsichtlich der Zusammensetzung aller Phasen erforderlich. Der magnesiumreiche Teil des binären Phasendiagramms Ag-Mg wurde neu bestimmt. Dabei wurden zwei bislang unbekannte Phasen dargestellt. Die fünf magnesiumreichen Phasen kristallisieren innerhalb eines schmalen Bereichs von nur 9 At.-% Mg. Die Kristallstrukturen dieser Phasen wurden unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Fehlordnungsphänomene untersucht. Die Verbindungen sind strukturchemisch verwandt und lassen sich den I3-Cluster-Phasen zuordnen. Ag2Mg5 kristallisiert ohne Fehlordnung im Al5Co2-Typ. Die Kristallstrukturen von Ag7Mg26 und Ag17Mg54 lassen sich als fcc bzw. bcc Anordnungen von Mackay-Clustern beschreiben. Es handelt sich um die ersten bekannten binären Phasen, in denen innerhalb von isolierten Mackay-Clustern Substitutionsfehlordnung auftritt. AgMg4 kristallisiert hexagonal in einem eigenen Strukturtyp. Das I3-Cluster-Netzwerk füllt den gesamten Raum bis auf einen annähernd zylindrischen Bereich um 0, 0, z, in dem eine Atom-Split-Position aus drei Lagen vorliegt. Lokal liegen drei unterschiedliche Koordinationspolyeder vor, deren Stapelabfolge in der Kristallstruktur von AgMg4 zufällig ist, jedoch mit kurzreichweitiger Korrelation. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich AgMg4 in eine Tieftemperaturphase umwandelt, in der die Polyeder vermutlich langreichweitig unter Bildung einer Überstruktur ordnen. Der Phasenbestand des ternären Systems Ag-Ga-Mg wurde untersucht und die Kristallstrukturen von sechs neuen Phasen bestimmt. Des weitern wurde eine Verbindung im System Ga-Mg-Pd charakterisiert. Anhand der Strukturtypen Al3Ir und Cu3P sowie den Verbindungen Ag0,55Ga0,45Mg3, Ga4,62Mg13,38Pd7 und Ag1,31Ga1,89Mg7,80 wurde gezeigt, wie die Variation von Strukturmotiven durch geringe Abweichungen von idealer Symmetrie zu zunehmend komplexeren Kristallstrukturen führt, die sich stets von Packungen des Edshammarpolyeders ableiten lassen. Drei ternäre Phasen vom I3-Cluster-Typ konnten identifiziert werden: Neben ternären Varianten der Phasen Ag7Mg26 und Ag17Mg54 kristallisiert Ag0,59Ga0,41Mg2 metastabil im NiTi2-Typ. In den strukturchemisch verwandten Phasen Ag6Ga12Mg11 und Ag21Ga74Mg44 bilden die Mg Atome Netzwerke mit Clatrath-II- bzw. Clatrath-IV-Topologie, die mit Ikosaedern und Frank-Kasper-Polyedern aus Ag und Ga gefüllt sind. Diese Phasen werden wahrscheinlich durch das e/a-Verhältnis der gesamten Struktur im Sinne einer Hume-Rothery-Regel stabilisiert.
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Wet Spinning of Cellulose-Lignin Precursor for Carbon Fibers : Effect of Coagulation Bath Composition & Spin FinishSundmark, Julia January 2023 (has links)
Carbon fibers (CF) are a material with a composition of over 90% carbon, which has high mechanical properties and low density. This unique combination of properties makes it requirable in applications such as vehicles, aerospace, wind power, and space industries. Commercially made CF are made using the fossil raw material polyacrylonitrile (PAN). In order to make a more sustainable precursor fiber (PF), this project has focused on other raw materials; cellulose and lignin. The PFs were produced with a cellulose and lignin mixture (70:30 wt%). In order to make a more green production of PF, cold alkali system was used as the solution in conjunction with wet spinning with an acid:salt coagulation bath. The acid:salt baths used was the P system with phosphoric acid and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADHP), and the S system with sulphuric acid and sodium sulphate with varying concentrations of both acid and salt. The objectives for this thesis was to evaluate the effect of the acid:salt coagulation bath composition, as well as the spin finish. This was done using tensile tests where Young’s modulus, strain to failure, and tensile strength (TS) were determined. The spin finish was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the P system had a significantly higher Youngs modulus and tensile strength compared to the S system, whilst the S system had a higher strain to failure. For the different concentrations of the S system, the tensile tests showed no significant difference between the concentrations. The fibers contained more phosphorus when ADHP was added to the spin finish, making them more flame retardant.
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Engineering of Elastomeric Biomaterials and Biomimicry of Extracellular Matrix for Soft Tissue RegenerationWade, Mary E. January 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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CO S TÍM? Rekonverze průmyslového areálu, Brno - Obřany / WHAT TO DO? Conversion of industrial premises, Brno - ObřanyKocourek, Tomáš January 2011 (has links)
The name of the project prompts the problems of legacy of industrial premises. The goal of my work was to consider, how to use the buildings in the premises in Obřany, Brno. The aim was on the most important object – former building of Essler’s spinning factory, which was supposed to be turned into school of architecture for one hundred students in two school years. The work aims on connection of the area with the city. It solves objects themselves, tries to find accurate usage of them, for example commersial premises, student housing and so on. All this is united with the concept of „union“, which goes throught the whole area and tries to create simple a most of all plesant public places. The school – building of former spinning factory – disclose it’s strenght in it‘s open space, when the whole structure of the building is visible. I came from this conviction into my project, that agreed with my image of open shool. I wanted to design a school, where students could create together, where they would have review of the whole space, about other students. Tuitions would become public matter, where everybody could join.
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Structure development in melt spinning, cold drawing and cold compression of poly(ethylene-co-octene) with different octene contentShan, Haifeng 17 May 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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Wet Spinning of Lignin and Cellulose Precursor Fibers Using Cold Sodium Hydroxide Dissolution / Våtspinning av lignin- och cellulosaprekursorfibrer med kall natriumhydroxidupplösningVoytyuk, Nazariy January 2022 (has links)
Användningen av cellulosa och lignin för prekursorfibrer (PF) för kolfibrer (CF) är ett mycket intressant forskningsområde på grund av den stora miljöpåverkan som dagens PF-fossilbaserade råvara PAN har. Denna avhandling fokuserar på att utveckla PF med ett kallt NaOH-upplösningssystem med cellulosakoncentrationer från 4,5 till 5,5 viktprocent med varierande massaviskositet och tillsats av lignin från 0-40 viktprocent jämfört med cellulosa. Koagulationssystemet som användes var ett fosforbaserat system med fosforsyra och ammoniumdivätefosfat (ADP) och tvätttiden ändrades för att undersöka påverkan på det slutliga oorganiska innehållet i PF. Effekten av tillsatt lignin och användning av en högre massaviskositet med en förändrad cellulosakoncentration undersöktes. Det som noterades av resultatet av dragegenskaperna och spinnbarheten hos dopen visar en viss trend som är att hög massaviskositet på 330 ml/g och hög ligninhalt på 40 viktprocent (i jämförelse med cellulosamängden i dopen) tycks uppvisa dålig spinnbarhet och svagare dragegenskaper. Användning av längre tvätttider under centrifugeringsprocessen resulterade i en lägre ask- och fosforhalt i PF. / The use of cellulose and lignin for precursor fibers (PFs) for carbon fibers (CFs) is a highly researched topic because of the large environmental impact that today’s PF raw material PAN which is fossil based. This thesis focuses of developing PFs with a cold NaOH dissolution system with cellulose concentrations ranging from 4.5 to 5.5 wt% with varying pulp viscosity and the addition of lignin ranging from 0-40 wt% in comparison to the cellulose. The coagulation system used was a phosphorus-based system with phosphoric acid and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and the washing time was altered to investigate the impact on the final inorganic content in the PF. The impact of the addition of lignin and using a higher pulp viscosity with an altered cellulose concentration is researched. What was noticed from the result of the tensile properties and the spinnability of the dope shows a certain trend which is that high pulp viscosity of 330 ml/g and a high lignin content of 40 wt% (in comparison to the cellulose amount in the dope) seems to present poor spinnability and weaker tensile properties. Using longer washing times during the spinning process resulted in a lower ash and phosphorus content in the PF.
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Influence of process parameters on the tensile properties of DREF-3000 friction spun hybrid yarns consisting of waste staple carbon fiber for thermoplastic compositesHasan, Mir Mohammad Badrul, Nitsche, Stefanie, Abdkader, Anwar, Cherif, Chokri 13 May 2022 (has links)
Due to their excellent strength, rigidity, and damping properties, as well as low weight, carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) are being widely used for load bearing structures. On the other hand, with an increased demand and usage of CFRCs, effective methods to re-use waste carbon fiber (CF) materials, which are recoverable either from process scraps or from end-of-life components, are attracting increased attention. In this paper, hybrid yarns consisting of waste staple CF (40 and 60 mm) and polyamide 6 staple fibers (60 mm) are manufactured on a DREF-3000 friction spinning machine with various process parameters, such as spinning drum speed, suction air pressure, and core–sheath ratio. The relationship between different textile physical properties of the hybrid yarns, such as tensile strength, elongation, and evenness with different spinning parameters, core–sheath ratio, and input CF length is revealed.
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Textiles in Rural Bolivia: Where Does the Art of Traditional Textile Making Fit Into Today's World?Simmons, Kathryn Elizabeth January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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Metabolic Profiling of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Reveals Multifaceted Effects in an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse ModelEezaa, Muhamed N.H., Singer, Rico, Höfling, Corinna, Matysik, Jörg, de Groot, Huub J.M., Roßner, Steffen, Aliaa, A. 20 September 2024 (has links)
Background: Circadian rhythm disturbance is commonly observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In mammals, these rhythms are orchestrated by the superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Our previous study in the Tg2576 AD mouse model suggests that inflammatory responses, most likely manifested by low GABA production, may be one of the underlying perpetrators for the changes in circadian rhythmicity and sleep disturbance in AD. However, the mechanistic connections between SCN dysfunction, GABA modulation, and inflammation in AD is not fully understood.
Objective: To reveal influences of amyloid pathology in Tg2576 mouse brain on metabolism in SCN and to identify key metabolic sensors that couple SCN dysfunction with GABA modulation and inflammation.
Methods: High resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR in conjunction with multivariate analysis was applied for metabolic profiling in SCN of control and Tg2576 female mice. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect neurons, astrocytes, expression of GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) and Bmal1.
Results: Metabolic profiling revealed significant metabolic deficits in SCN of Tg2576 mice. Reductions in glucose, glutamate, GABA, and glutamine provide hints toward an impaired GABAergic glucose oxidation and neurotransmitter cycling in SCN of AD mice. In addition, decreased redox co-factor NADPH and glutathione support a redox disbalance. Immunohistochemical examinations showed low expression of the core clock protein, Bmal1, especially in activated astrocytes. Moreover, decreased expression of GAT1 in astrocytes indicates low GABA recycling in this cell type.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that redox disbalance and compromised GABA signaling are important denominators and connectors between neuroinflammation and clock dysfunction in AD.
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Development of yarns from recycled carbon fiber based on friction spinning technology with specific properties for thermoset compositesAbdkader, Anwar, Bachor, Samuel, Hasan, Mir Mohammad Badrul, Cherif, Chokri 16 January 2025 (has links)
Because of a growing demand and usage of carbon fiber, effective methods to re-use waste and recycled carbon fiber recoverable either from process scraps or from end-of-life components are attracting increased attention. The development of different hybrid yarn structures consisting of recycled carbon fiber and thermoplastic fibers (recycled carbon fiber content approx. 50% by weight) for thermoplastic composites have been reported earlier. Yarns with high recycled carbon fiber content (>90% by weight) required for thermoset composites are still not realizable due to high shortening in recycled carbon fiber length (≥70%) during different processing steps of spinning. The reason lies in low shear strength, smooth fiber surface and high brittleness of recycled carbon fiber. Second, a lack of crimp in recycled carbon fiber leads to drafting errors during the drawing and spinning process. In this paper, the spinning limit regarding the core to sheath ratio of noble yarns with a recycled carbon fiber content greater than 90% by weight based on friction spinning technology for thermoset composites is reported. Slivers of recycled carbon fiber solely required for the development of yarns are produced on carding and drawing machines optimized for the gentle processing of recycled carbon fiber. Furthermore, different spinning parameters such as spinning drum speed and suction air pressure are investigated and their effect on tensile properties of yarn is analyzed. The results show that yarns with high recycled carbon fiber content (>90% by weight) can be produced with reproducible quality on the DREF-3000 friction spinning machine.
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