This thesis analysed the modern trends in soccer performance, with specific reference to the physical and technical performance of matches played in the English Premier League (EPL) between 2006-07 and 2012-13. Following previous literature, the thesis analysed whether performance could be predicted through performance stability calculations. This section of the research highlighted the highly variable nature of the sport and suggested the minimum number of matches required for an accurate assessment of performance, particularly for low frequency variables (number of tackles performed, number of times tackled, shots) was less than effective. An alternative method to calculate performance benchmarks, the thesis looked into the coefficients of variation associated between matches, expanding previous assessments on physical performance and expanding this knowledge into technical variables. To follow on from this initial study, the thesis introduced findings on the interaction of physical and technical parameters to ascertain whether correlations existed between physical and technical match performance and whether formulae could be generated to aid predicting future performance. The conclusion from these studies suggests predicting performance through previously suggested means and using physical data to estimate technical performance are unsupported. Instead a possible solution would be to use coefficients of variation to calculate benchmarks around a typical performance. As a result this would provide coaches and support staff set boundaries that players should achieve during games. In addition these boundaries should inform and aid the development of training regimes providing players with the baseline required. The final studies in this thesis charted the evolution of physical and technical iii performance parameters and the potential causes for any changes found, using the evidence from the earlier studies to ascertain whether evolution had occurred beyond the level of variability or whether changes in performance could be attributed entirely to variability. These studies found large increases in both physical and technical performance parameters across all outfield positions; nevertheless the causes of these changes in performance are unclear. One hypothesis was that the number of non-UK players now performing in the EPL have driven changes in match performance and resulted in greater technical quality. These results indicated trivial to small differences between UK and non-UK players in 2006-07, although by 2012-13 these small differences had all but disappeared. Thus suggesting the different numbers between UK and non-UK players could have influenced the changes in performance although there appears to be other factors driving the evolution. The results from this thesis can be used in the physical and technical preparation of players, providing them with the baselines required to compete at the level required. In addition this information is valuable for both medical staff at clubs as well as for the recruitment of future players, providing both with concurrent information on modern match performances. The results also provide suggestions for future research proving researchers need to be cautious when analysing data across a number of seasons. Following on from this series of studies, future research could analyse the most effective means for providing this information to coaches and other staff at professional clubs in order to maximise the application.

Background: One of the challenges associated with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is finding the appropriate method of identifying motor difficulties. Motor proficiency tests are used to identify children with motor difficulties; however, it seems that questionnaire-based assessments may be more practical for screening purposes. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children Checklist (MABC-Checklist) has been used as a screening tool to identify motor difficulties in children especially when completed by parents and teachers. Although parents and teachers can identify children with motor difficulties using screening tools, it is still not clear which screening test is the best to use. The original MABC-Checklist (1992) was revised in 2007 and research available on the revised edition (MABC-Checklist-2) is limited indicating that more studies on the MABC-Checklist-2 when completed by parents and teachers are needed. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the agreement between identifying motor difficulties with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children second edition Performance Test (MABC-2) and the identifying of motor difficulties with the MABC-Checklist-2 when completed by (i) their parents as well as (ii) their teachers. Methods: This study was done using sampling data and a quantitative research method (i.e. questionnaire). Three-hundred and twenty three learners in Grade 1 between the ages of 5 and 8 years participated in this study. The study consists of n=140 boys (43%) and n=183 girls (57%) of various ethnic groups, which consisted of n=193 Caucasian (59.75%, 6.5 years, SD=0.55), n=120 Black (37.15%, 6.2 years, SD=0.4), n=9 Mixed race (2.79%, 6.4 years, SD=0.5) and n=1 Hispanic (0.31%). A total of three hundred and twenty three parents (n=323) and twenty three teachers (n=23) also took part in the study. The MABC-2 Performance Test was used to determine motor difficulties and DCD in the children. The MABC-Checklist-2 was used by the parents and teachers to identify children with and without motor difficulties. The total test score results of the MABC-2 Performance Test were compared with the total test score results of the MABC-Checklist-2 completed by the parents and teachers. Data from the questionnaires were captured electronically by the researcher on a data form using Microsoft Excel. Further analysis was done by a statistician using SAS Version 9.2. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical data. Medians and percentiles were calculated for numerical data. The measure of agreement with help from the Kappa (k)-coefficient were used to explore the aim. The coefficient is known as the Cohenâs Kappa and it measures inter-judge agreement. Results: The results indicated that out of the 47 children identified with motor difficulties (moderate motor difficulties, n=21, and severe motor difficulties, n=26) by the MABC-2 Performance Test, 15 of these children were also identified with motor difficulties (moderate motor difficulties, n=2; and severe motor difficulties, n=13) by the parent completed MABC-Checklist-2 indicating a sensitivity of 31.9% (15/47). With regard to specificity there were 276 children identified with no motor difficulties with the MABC-2 Performance Test, whereas 197 (71.4%) of these children were also identified without motor difficulties with the MABC-Checklist-2 completed by the parents. Therefore, the specificity between the MABC-2 Performance Test and the parent completed MABC-Checklist-2 was 71.4% (197/276). The (k)-coefficient of 0.143 indicated that only 14.3% agreement between the two assessments were present after correcting for chance and show that the agreement of the two assessments is not high when completed by parents. Results with regard to the teachers indicated that out of the 47 children identified by the MABC-2 Performance Test with motor difficulties (moderate motor difficulties, n=21; and severe motor difficulties, n=24), 16 of these children were also identified with motor difficulties (moderate motor difficulties, n=4; and severe motor difficulties, n=12) by the teacher that completed the MABC-Checklist-2 indicating a sensitivity of 35.6% (16/45). When analysing the specificity there was 276 children identified with no motor difficulties using the MABC-2 Performance Test whereas 193 (72.6%) of these children were also identified with no motor difficulties by the MABC-Checklist-2 completed by teachers. Therefore the specificity between the MABC-2 Performance Test and the teacher completed MABC-Checklist-2 is 72.6% (193/266). The (k)-coefficient of 0.161 reveal that only 16.1% agreement between the two assessments were present after correcting for chance and reveal that the agreement between the two assessments is low when completed by teachers. Conclusion: Several screening tests and questionnaires have been developed to gather information with regard to motor performance of children specifically from parents and teachers. However, studies using parentsâ and teachersâ reports as well as the results in this study have produced conflicting results, thus it is still not clear which screening test is the best to use and whether parents and teachers both need to be used to screen a child.

A presente tese apresenta, discute e avalia criticamente o conteúdo e o contributo de uma seleção de trabalhos de pesquisa submetidos ou publicados em revistas internacionais no campo das ciências do esporte. Coletivamente, esses trabalhos contribuem para o campo da análise de jogo em jogadores jovens e adultos de futebol, com implicações para aperfeiçoar a avaliação e o treinamento. As pesquisas foram em parte moldadas pela experiência do autor na prática profissional e acadêmica, mas principalmente impulsionada por necessidades emergentes identificadas durante os anos de atuação prática e em parceria com profissionais atuantes em clubes de futebol. Um total de duas revisões sistemáticas (apresentadas na presente tese como introdução ao campo de estudo), sendo uma metaanálise, e três estudos de campo revisados por pares estão incluídos. Esta tese apresenta criticamente resultados e discussões sobre dois principais fluxos: (i) validação de testes físicos em ambiente de jogo, de acordo com as características gerais e exigências específicas das partidas; (ii) análise dos fatores contextuais e posicionais que afetam potencialmente o desempenho no futebol. Os trabalhos de pesquisa são apresentados em uma sequência conceitual dentro dos dois temas, em vez de uma ordem estritamente cronológica, para demonstrar a coerência e a sinergia dentro dos dois fluxos. Esta tese fornece uma reflexão crítica sobre a contribuição geral para o corpo atual de conhecimento científico e o impacto coletivo dos trabalhos que foi alcançado. As limitações dos estudos encontradas no decorrer do trabalho são discutidas como temas atuais, possibilitando um direcionamento para futuras pesquisas. Por fim, todo conhecimento produzido foi traduzido em forma de um e-book para maior acesso por diferentes recursos humanos / This thesis presents, discusses and critically evaluates the content and the contribution of a selection of research papers submitted or published to international peer-reviewed sports science journals. Collectively, these papers make novel insights to the field of match analysis in young and adults\' soccer players, with implications for improving assessment and training. The researches were partly shaped by the authors\' experience in professional and academic practice, but mainly driven by emerging and evolving needs-analyses identified within his work, identified during the years of practice and in partnership with professionals working in soccer teams. A total of two systematic reviews (presented in this document as an introduction to the field of study), one of them being a metaanalysis, and three original articles are included. These papers present critically comments on work in two main streams: (i) validation of physical fitness tests in a game context, according to general characteristics and specific requirements of the match; (ii) analysis of contextual and positional factors that potentially affect the soccer performance. The original research papers are presented in a conceptual sequence within the two themes, rather than a strictly chronological order to demonstrate coherence and synergy within the two collections. The document provides critical reflection on the general contribution to the current body of scientific knowledge and the collective impact of the work that has been achieved. The limitations of the studies found during the course of the work are discussed as current themes, allowing a direction for future research. Finally, all scientific knowledge produced was translated into an e-book for greater access by different human recourses

Syfte och frågeställning I hur stor utsträckning används tävlingspraktiken i Idrott och Hälsa, och hur påverkar detta ämnets karaktär? Jag ska i min undersökning försöka se hur elever i skolan upplever tävlingar under idrotten i skolan. Jag kommer att använda mig av Lars-Magnus Engströms (2002) teori om idrottens praktiker och logiker, vilka redogörs närmare för under punkten Teoretiskt perspektiv. Jag vill finna de känslor och tankar som uppstår då eleverna försätts i den s.k. tävlingspraktiken, där aktiviteten i sig handlar om jämförande. Jag kommer även kort att försöka undersöka hur en pedagog i ämnet ser på tävlande i skolan och om dennes uppfattning om tävlingar stämmer överens med barnens. Metod Jag har i denna studie valt at göra en kvalitativ undersökning, dvs. att försöka att på djupet se de kvaliteter och benägenheter som framkommer från studien. Tillvägagångssätt för att samla data har varit intervjuer med 8 elever och 1 pedagog och observationer av 10 lektioner i ämnet Idrott och Hälsa. Resultat Denna studie är relativt liten, därför går det inte att dra några faktiska slutsatser, men av de elever jag intervjuat och vad jag sett på lektionerna får jag uppfattningen att det nog kan vara så att tävlande ändå är omtyckt hos de flesta elever. Merparten svarade på mina frågor att tävling är engagerande och roligt och att aktiviteterna då får mer poäng. Ett fåtal påpekade negativa aspekter av tävling såsom jämförande, stress och press att göra rätt och den oro detta skapar. Slutsats Det kan nog vara så att tävling gärna kan användas i skolan, men på ett genomtänkt sätt som inte pekar ut någon. Själva jämförande momentet verkar inte vara gynnsamt på något sätt, varken enligt pedagogen eller barnen, så det kan vara detta man måste få bort. / Studiegång Idrott, fritidskultur och hälsa skolår F-6. Ht 2011

L’élaboration de prophéties autoréalisatrices est fréquente dans le domaine sportif. L’objet de la thèse est de mesurer leurs impacts sur des prises décision en situation motrice tout en vérifiant la persistance dans le temps de cet impact. Cette production est l’une des premières à tester l’effet des attentes par l’action motrice. Pour cela, nous procédons à une recherche quasi-expérimentale menée auprès de 285 étudiants en STAPS (Sciences & Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives) volontaires. Ces derniers sont soumis à un jeu de type Faucon versus Colombe révélant des conduites motrices rationnelles ou risquées. L’expérience consiste à donner à chaque sujet des attentes positives, neutres négatives avant d’analyser leurs stratégies et le score correspondant. Une Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances (AFC) renforcée régressions logistiques (Tri2) tend à montrer que les attentes positives sont significativement liées à des stratégies motrices antagonistes et à un score moyen (p<0.01). A contrario, les interactions de coopération associées à score élevé émanent plutôt des attentes négatives (p<0.01). L’absence d’attentes (indifférence) entraîne les sportifs dans une spirale de l’échec alors que des attentes négatives tendent à favoriser une phase d’observation prudente – type Tit for Tat – traduisant une forme d’intelligence motrice. Positives négatives, l’effet des attentes est donc bien réel et il en va du rôle de l’entraîneur que d’apprendre à les manier. / No abstract

Orientador: Lino Castellani Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T22:59:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Damasceno_LucianoGalvao_M.pdf: 2303924 bytes, checksum: 2baa7a18cd770fa2171bf1ec7220acbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este estudo visou compreender os 30 anos do Colégio Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte. Para cumprir tal intento estabeleceu dois objetivos: o primeiro, de compreender a sua história em compasso com a constituição acadêmica da Educação Física; e o segundo, de compreender como determinada perspectiva da Educação Física chega à direção do CBCE, num processo de construção de hegemonia, se torna predominante somente na entidade, o que a coloca numa posição contra-hegemônica em seu campo em geral. Como os termos indicam, partimos de alguns indicativos teórico-metodológicos desenvolvidos por Antônio Gramsci, a saber, a formação de uma teoria ampliada do Estado em que a luta por hegemonia através dos aparelhos privados situados na sociedade civil ganha central vitalidade. Desse modo, entendemos que o CBCE se constituiu em sua história num aparelho privado de hegemonia, mas que não manteve sempre a defesa da mesma hegemonia. Ou seja, na medida em que passa a se constituir com o avanço da qualificação da Educação Física, especialmente, em seu segmento acadêmico, ganha novos contornos distintos dos da sua fundação que expressavam determinada hegemonia não colidente com a sociedade estabelecida. Assim, o CBCE passa a defender e agir como um aparelho privado de hegemonia de forma contra-hegemônica, uma vez que é constituído por intelectuais e por uma programática progressista característica de uma perspectiva da Educação Física. No entanto, mesmo a hegemonia consolidada por dentro da entidade, de tempos em tempos, vai sendo questionada e se tornando matizada, à medida que a entidade vai sofrendo os impactos da área acadêmica e prático-interventiva da Educação Física. Tal fato pode ser notado na contemporaneidade a partir do neotecnicismo, do neoliberalismo e a ambiência pós-moderna. Concluí-se que a resposta a ser dada pela entidade para que continue ativa na contra-hegemonia dependerá da capacidade de seus intelectuais orgânicos organizados em meio ao produtivismo acadêmico, somada à articulação das instâncias constitutivas da entidade - o elo entre o político e o científico -, num processo de expansão demográfico-territorial e fortalecimento crítico / Abstract: This study examines the 30 years the Brazilian College of Sports Science (BCSS). To fulfill this intent has set two objectives, namely: first, to understand its history in tandem with the academic formation of Physical Education, and the latter to understand how certain perspective of Physical Education gets the direction of BCSS, a process of construction of hegemony, becomes predominant only in the entity, which places it in a counter-hegemonic position in its field in general. As the terms suggest, we begin with some theoretical and methodological indications developed by Antonio Gramsci, to knowledge, the formation of an enlarged theory of the State in what the struggle for hegemony through the private appliances situated in the civil society gained central vitality. Thus, we believe that the BCSS was constituted in its history in a private apparatus of hegemony, but not always maintained the same defense of hegemony. That is as it is to be constituted with the advancement of qualification of physical education, especially in their academic sector, acquires new distinct from its founding that expressed particular hegemony is colliding with the established society. Thus, the BCSS is to advocate and act as an private apparatus of hegemony in a counter-hegemonic, since it is composed of intellectuals and a programmatic feature of a progressive perspective of Physical Education. However, even the hegemony within the consolidated entity, from time to time, is being challenged and becoming nuanced, as the body will suffer the impacts of academic and practical hands-off of Physical Education. This fact can be noticed from the contemporary neotecnicism of neoliberalism and post-modern ambiance. We concluded that the answer to be given the authority to continue in active counter-hegemony depend on the ability of their organic intellectuals organized in the midst of academic productivism, coupled with the articulation of the constituent bodies of the entity - the link between political and scientific - in a process of demographic-territorial expansion and strengthening critical / Mestrado / Educação Fisica e Sociedade / Mestre em Educação Física

The objective of employability of graduates is one of the main comerstones of the Bologna process and hig quality education is a key to achieving employability. The main purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze what kind of occupation sport sciences students had after they completed their studies at Umeå University. Furthermore, the intension was to study the alumnus understandings and experiences concerning employability. This was investigated through a web-based survey and the study was based on 54 surveys. The result indicated that more than half of the alumnus currently has an employment that corresponds with their higher education. There were a big variation in employers and job titles. The main reason to why alumnus at the moment didn't have an employment that corresponded with their education was the lack of jobs. In addition the result indicated that 75% of the alumnus had experienced that their education in sport sciences had increased their employability.

To improve the performance and capabilities of athletes, augmented reality could play an important role in exercise training. During training, these technologies support athletes in analyzing their training over all phases. Regardless of all potential advantages, the vergence-accommodation-conflict (VAC) could affect the effectiveness of training and performance. This work is aimed to evaluate the effect of VAC in different conditions. / Um die Leistungen und Fähigkeiten von Sportlern zu verbessern, könnte Augmented Reality eine wichtige Rolle im Training spielen. Während des Trainings unterstützen diese Technologien die Sportler bei der Analyse ihres Trainings in allen Phasen. Ungeachtet aller potenziellen Vorteile könnte der Vergenz-Akommodations-Konflikt (VAC) die Effektivität des Trainings und der Leistung beeinträchtigen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Wirkung des VAC unter verschiedenen Bedingungen zu bewerten.