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Tyrimo objektas: Įvairaus amžiaus sportininkų 20 metrų bėgimo iš aukšto ir žemo starto rezultatas. Tyrimo tikslas: Išanalizuoti įvairaus amžiaus sportininkų 20 metrų bėgimo iš aukšto ir žemo starto rezultatus ir jų skirtumo priežastis. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti skirtingo amžiaus sportininkų rezultatų skirtumą tarp 20 m bėgimo iš aukšto ir žemo starto. 2. Nustatyti rezultatų skirtumo tarp 20 m bėgimo iš aukšto ir žemo starto priežastis vaikų amžiaus grupėje. 3. Nustatyti rezultatų skirtumo tarp 20 m bėgimo iš aukšto ir žemo starto priežastis suaugusių amžiaus grupėje. Tiriamieji: Skirtingo amžiaus sprinteriai. Hipotezė: Jaunesnio amžiaus sprinteriai parodo geresnius rezultatus bėgant 20 m iš aukšto starto nei iš žemo starto Pagrindiniai rezultatai: 9-14 metų sportininkai geresnius 20 metrų bėgimo rezultatus parodė bėgdami iš aukšto starto, jų rezultato vidurkis 3,81±0,3 (s) . 15-16 metų sportininkai parodė panašius rezultatus bėgdami tiek iš aukšto, tiek iš žemo starto, jų rezultato vidurkis 3,65±0,2 (s) . O patys vyriausi bėgikai 21-23 metų geriausius rezultatus parodė bėgdami iš starto atramėlių jų rezultatas 3,07±0,15 (s) . Testuojant 2013 metais, 9-14 metų sportininkus, jie taip pat parodė geresnius rezultatus bėgant iš aukšto starto 3,75±0,2 (s), bėgdami iš žemo starto jie parodė 3,93±0,3 (s). Aukšto meisriškumo sportininkai bėgdami iš žemo starto parodė 2,93±0,2 (s) laiką, o iš aukšto 3,15±0,3 (s). Išvados: 1. Didesnio meistriškumo (suaugusių amžiaus grupės)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object: The athletes of all ages 20 meters running from the high and low start results The main aim: Analysis of the athletes of all ages 20 meters running from standing and block start results and their reasons for the difference. Objectives of the study: 1. Determine the difference between the results of different age of athletes running 20 meters from standing and block start. 2. Determine the difference between the results of the 20 meters of running from standing and block start reason child age group. 3. Determine the difference between the results of 20 meters of running from standing and block start of the adult age group. Research: Different age sprinters. Hypothesis: For younger sprinters show improved results over 20 meters from a high of start than the low start. The main results:9-14 years-old athlete running 20 meters have shown better results fleeing from a standing start, the average of the results are 3,81±0,3 (s). 15-16 years-old athlete running 20 meters have shown similar results but fleeing from both the standing and the block starts, the average of the results are 3,65±0,2 (s). And, the oldest runners 21-23 years-old had showed the best score while running from the block acceleration, their the average of the results are 3,21±0,15 (s.). By 2013 9-14 years-old athletes results, we can see, that they also had showed better results over time from a standing start 3,75±0,2 (s), running from a block start 3,93±0,3 (s). High-skills athletes running from... [to full text]

Concentration of microorganisms from a sample volume would increase the limits of detection of samples used for rapid-detection methods. Rapid detection methods are is advantageous for the food industry to rapidly test for bacteria in order release products on a timely basis. Ultrasonic concentration was considered a promising method for manipulation of microorganisms. An ultrasonic chamber consisting of parallel piezoceramic discs with a reticulated polyurethane foam mesh was used to concentrate Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and Escherichia coli bacteria. The concentration of yeast was seen to increase by 200% (from 8.0 x 104 cells mL-1 to 2.4 x 105 cells mL-1) while almost zero concentration of bacteria was observed. The poor concentration effect seen with the smaller microorganisms was explained by the volume dependent acoustic radiation force exerted on the particles; the concentration forces are 1,000 times smaller for a 1 μm bacteria cell versus a 10 μm yeast cell.

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the Minimal Chair Height Standing (MCHS) test, could effectively identify “fallers” in a population of Canadian older adults, and to compare its effectiveness with the commonly used Sit-to-Stand (STS) test. DESIGN: Cross-sectional with counter-balanced assignment of testing order. SETTING: Community centers, independent-living and assisted-living facilities. PARTICIPANTS: 167 older adults (mean age=83.6yrs), able to walk independently. MEASUREMENTS: Participants were interviewed for medical conditions, physical activity, cognitive status (Mini Mental State Examination), mobility and independence (Independent Activities of Daily Living). Height, weight and shank length were measured. Fall history was self-reported and recorded retrospectively. The main outcome measures were MCHS and STS scores. RESULTS: MCHS performance was significantly worse for fallers (37.7cm, 95% CI: 35.5-40.0cm) than non-fallers (30.3cm, 95% CI: 28.1-32.5cm). Fallers showed significantly slower times in the STS. For participants with cardiac disease and/or stroke, MCHS scores discriminated between fallers and non-fallers (p=.001), but the STS did not (p=.233). For participants with knee replacements, MCHS discriminated between fallers and non-fallers (p=.044) but the STS did not (p=.076). CONCLUSIONS: The MCHS was found to be simple, practical and feasible for use with the elderly. The current study demonstrates its effectiveness as a fall-risk screening instrument for use with Canadian older adults. Further studies should be undertaken to determine its predictive validity. / Graduate

Human stance in quiet mode, relies on feedback from eyes, skin, muscles and the inner ear and the control produced is a combination of strategies which enable a person to stay standing. This thesis presents the simulation and control of a hip actuated robotic model of human standing posture. / The first part of the thesis is devoted to recalling basic elements of the human balance system and to describe the balance strategies it uses to maintain an upright stance. Of the strategies presented, we consider the hip strategy which motivated the formulation of a hip actuated robot. An investigation into the control of nonlinear underactuated robots by linear controllers is done to verify the range and efficiency of the controlled system. / The second part of the thesis includes the investigation of two simplified models of the robot. Results using linear state feedback control are presented. The two models used are compared to clarify the use of one over the other. / We found that for linear controls, the size of the region of convergence decreased underactuated systems of increasing complexity. For our four degrees of freedom robot, the region of convergence is of 2.3 degrees for the actuated joints and of 1 degree for the unactuated joints. Our system is Lyapunov stable when the fully simplified model is assumed.

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Background: Clinical ergonomic advice for sitting posture has been inferred from anthropometry theory and physiology studies. Qualitative observation of posture has been used to argue that postures are too flexed, too extended, too static, too mobile, require insufficient muscle activity or require too much. In other fields of healthcare, evidence is progressed from basic science to clinical trials before an intervention is prescribed, but postural advice has been prescribed from basic science without quantitative studies of postural behaviour. Spinal neuromuscular control can predict development of low back pain, it is affected by spinal pain, and can be trained, but studies examining these variables rarely measure the spinal position of their test subjects. There is a need for more detail of how spinal positions affect regional muscle activity. Study Objectives: The overall aims of this thesis were to quantify sagittal spinal postures in sitting for comparison within and between subjects and tasks, and to detail paraspinal and abdominal muscle activity associated with sitting postures. The studies quantified regional spinal curves in - Study I: typical posture behaviour during a computer task in comparison with standing, - Study II: postures that are achievable in sitting, - Study III: the regional muscle activity associated with sitting postures that have been clinically advocated as ‘ideal’, - Study IV: cohorts with and without a history of low back pain for comparison of regional muscle activity. Results and Conclusions: For clinical trials quantifying postural behaviour, the postural variation within subjects and task conditions in Study I demonstrated the importance of measurement over a prolonged period and subjects performing relevant tasks (as opposed to brief measures such as radiography that have been the standard for posture assessment). The use of surface tracking to quantify regional spinal curves and sagittal balance establish a foundation to investigate the effect of interventions on posture behaviour (eg. chair geometry, posture training, task variables and subject cohorts). Study I also showed that typical sitting posture for a computer task was more flexed at the thoracolumbar spinal region than when subjects deliberately ‘corrected’ their sitting posture, and both sitting postures were flexed at the lumbar region relative to standing. Study II showed that most subjects were unable to sit with spinal curves like those adopted in standing unless facilitation and feedback were provided, although these curves have been clinically advocated as ‘ideal’ posture. If clinical theories about ‘ideal’ sitting posture are correct, then teaching individuals the awareness of spinal position or skill to adopt these postures could be as important for workplace health and safety as other variables such as design and adjustment of office furniture. Study III showed three upright sitting postures that have been clinically advocated as ‘ideal’ were distinguished by incremental changes in activity of the lumbar multifidus muscles. In Study IV, individuals with a history of low back pain showed more incremental activity at the longissimus thoracis muscle to achieve the same sitting postures. If particular postures are shown to be ‘ideal’ in clinical trials, then training for these postures may need to focus on muscular strategies as well as spinal position. The distinct differences in regional muscle activity observed with spinal curves and subject cohorts (Studies III and IV) imply that studies of spinal neuromuscular control should measure or control spinal curves during testing. If spinal posture were controlled, the flat posture (flat surface from ~T5 to sacrum) would have the advantages of being achievable, commonly used in sitting and easily assessed. The flat posture also demonstrated the lowest muscle activity of the upright sitting postures examined, which may improve accuracy of determining muscle activity onset/offset used as an outcome measure for interventions, distinguishing cohorts or as a predictor for low back pain occurrence.

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A informação tem assumido ao longo dos anos maior papel de destaque no cotidiano empresarial, com as organizações contemporâneas passando reconhecê-la possivelmente como o seu principal recurso. Associado a isso, assistimos ao crescimento cada vez maior de um volume de informações organizacionais não estruturadas, mas que são de profunda importância na tomada de decisão; o que justifica o aumento de discussão do tema nos últimos anos. Atribui-se nada menos que quatro quintos (4/5) de informação não estruturada dentre todas as informações criadas em uma organização, volume considerável, pois, e para os quais ainda muito há por fazer em termos de métodos, técnicas e ferramental. Este trabalho se insere na continuação das pesquisas do grupo GIANTI (Grupo de pesquisa de Gestão do Impacto da Adoção de novas Tecnologias de Informação), complementarmente à abordagem referente à gestão da informação com caráter subjetivo, enfatizando seu compartilhamento nas organizações. O presente estudo objetivou adentrar neste contexto através de uma Observação Participante realizada na empresa Johnson & Johnson, propondo um framework de estruturação da coleta e do tratamento das informações qualitativas e mesmo subjetivas, baseado no compartilhamento de informações informais para sua utilização em processos decisórios individuais ou coletivos, trabalhando com uma dinâmica prática de processos, aqui denominado “Escuta Permanente”. A partir de uma literatura que buscou elementos de processo decisório e de compartilhamento de informação, foi possível retomar e agregar elementos ao conceito de Escuta Permanente, bem como operacionalizá-lo através de uma ferramenta computacional via web. Como contribuição, considera-se que teve condições de demonstrar, na realidade observada, a utilidade e, sobretudo a aplicabilidade do conceito de Escuta Permanente, mostrando-se efetiva sua aderência e link com os referenciais teóricos propostos, associando a aplicação prática e relevância a possíveis ganhos com sua utilização em maior escala. / Information has assumed over the years greater role in everyday business, with contemporary organizations through possibly recognize it as their main resource Associated with this, we see the growth of a growing volume of unstructured organizational information, but which are of profound importance in decision making, which explains the increased discussion of the topic in recent years. Assigns up no less than four-fifths (4/5) of unstructured information from all the information created in an organization, considerable amount, therefore, and for which there is still much to be done in terms of methods, techniques and tools. This work is part of the continuation of the research group GIANTI (Management Research Group Impact of the Adoption of New Information Technologies), complementary approach to the management of information relating to subjective character, emphasizing his sharing in organizations. The present study aimed to penetrate this context through a Participant Observation held at Johnson & Johnson company, proposing a model for structuring the collection and processing of qualitative information and even subjective, based on informal information sharing for its use in decision-making processes or individual collective, working with a dynamic practice processes, here called "Listen Standing." From a literature that sought elements of decision-making and sharing of information, it was possible to resume and add elements to the concept of Permanent Listening and operationalized it through a web-based computational tool. As a contribution, it is able to demonstrate that had actually observed, utility and especially the applicability of the concept of Permanent Listening, showing up your grip and effective link with the theoretical frameworks proposed, involving the practical application and relevance to possible gains from their use on a larger scale.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:28:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6000.pdf: 514563 bytes, checksum: d12f104bdc11c10f2616ada01a16a407 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-13 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This work is concerned with the orbital stability of special solutions called "standing waves" for Hamiltonian systems in a real and invariant Hilbert space under the action of a specific group of isometries in such space. The stability investigated is orbital in the usual sense for a dynamical system and is with respect to perturbations of the initial condition. Initially we approach the problem in an abstract manner and then we show an application of the discussed method. / Estudamos, neste trabalho, a estabilidade orbital de soluções especiais do tipo "standing wave" para sistemas hamiltonianos em um espaço de Hilbert real e invariante sob a ação de específico grupo de isometrias em tal espaço. A estabilidade investigada para este perfil de soluções considera perturbações ocorrentes na condição inicial pré-fixada. Inicialmente, abordamos a técnica abstratamente para a obtenção da estabilidade orbital e, posteriormente, apresentamos uma aplicação do método discutido.