This research project was designed to obtain data on factors that influence whether state level Legislative policies affect the changes in practice at which they are directed. Specifically, the study examined a teacher evaluation short form option created in 1985, the original intent of the policy, and the resultant changes in practice. It examined the situations in which the option was utilized, and whether current practice reflected research on effective practices. Phone interviews were conducted to identify legislative intent and to develop study questions and forced choice items. Systematic sampling techniques were used to distribute surveys to principals in every sixth public school building in the state. The survey collected data on seven areas: respondent and school demographics, use of the option, effects of the option, changes in practice with the policy, perceptions of effective evaluation, and satisfaction with summative and formative evaluation. While 79.5% of teachers were eligible for evaluation with the short form, 19.6% were evaluated with it. Fifty-one percent of the administrators chose the option to save time. Forty-six percent did not know what effect the policy had been, while 40% perceived the policy to have had little or no effect. Since 1985 half of the principals had changed practice, 66% reported spending more time on teacher evaluation, and 60% report their current practices to be more stringent. Ten and a half percent report having changed practice as a result of the state policy. There was a correlation between staff size and option use. While the option did save time for summative evaluation, many reported spending additional time in formative evaluation. Use of the option was restricted by district level policy and by collective bargaining agreement. The decision not to use the option with eligible teachers was often based on utilization of informal data collection outside the classroom setting. Use of the short evaluation option does save administrator time, is effective for summative evaluation but is not effective for formative evaluation. Formative evaluation options need to be increased. Current policy only addresses summative evaluation directly. Current summative evaluation only provides for ratings of satisfactory and unsatisfactory. The study does indeed demonstrate that administrative practice does change to some degree as a result of policy, but does not necessarily result in the legislative intent of that policy.

The aim of this paper is to examine Serbia’s democratic consolidation in the judiciary and public and state administration, as well as the  role of European Union and EU conditionality in this process. This paper discusses the democratic consolidation in the judiciary and public and state administration of Serbia between the years 2000 and 2010, the role of the EU in this process, and the effects of EU conditionality in these two areas. The theories applied are Linz’s theory of inter-relating arenas of consolidated democracies, and Whitehead’s international dimensions of democratisation. This paper is based on the method of qualitative study and through extensive reading and research, it has come to the conclusion that the judiciary and public and state administration between 2000 and 2010 have seen some improvement. However, democratic progress has been very slow due to remains from Slobodan Milosevic’s regime and communism. The EU, as one of the major actors in the region, has through various projects, agreements, cooperation, and conditionality, brought about improvements in the judiciary and public and state administration. Yet, EU involvement and conditionality have not had great democratic effects; they have been significantly slowed down by inefficiency, low professionalism and corruption.

The content of this thesis is to analyze the development of the central state administration on the territory of today's Czech and Slovak Republic in the years 1868 - 1993 In this period there was much public and political changes, so work includes the political and social development. The aim is to determine whether the state organization and political representation impact on the public administration. The work is based on an analysis of the laws that shaped the system of government, and professional publications.

The master´s thesis focuses on the reforming of the Czech civil service. The quality of the state administration is one of the most important political and economic topics. By passing the Civil Service Act the representatives aimed at depoliticization, stabilization and professionalization of the situation of civil servants. The main goal is to evaluate the law-making process of the Act and find out if the amendatory proposals and obstructions had the professional and apolitical state administration in view or aimed at lowering of the quality of this Act. Also, the objective is to assess, if the Act meets the requirements stated in the documents regarding the reforming of the Czech civil service. The master´s thesis is divided into four chapters. The first part of the thesis covers the state administration in theory. The second chapter contains a historical overview of the state administration in the territory of the Czech Republic from 1848 up to the present day. The third chapter presents the main documents regarding the reform and their key requirements. Furthermore, the law-making process is analysed and his crucial problems are identified. The final part concentrates on the Civil Service Act and evaluates it with reference to the main requirements stated within the reform.

Comparison of the Organisation of Local Administration in the Czech Republic and the Republic of Montenegro The thesis Comparison of the organisation of local administration in the Czech Republic and the Republic of Montenegro deals with the basic principles of the organisation of local administration in the above mentioned states both in the form of valid legislation and its practical implementation. A large space is devoted to the constitutional foundations defining the scope of powers of local self-governments and the degree of their decision making autonomy and to two basic laws which determine essential institutes and aspects of the local self-governments administrative activity - the Czech Law on Municipalities and the Montenegrin Law on Local Self-Government. Major part of the thesis is descriptive and it is analysing and comparing the valid legislation. This part is followed by the evaluation of the practical implementation of the legislation and by the reflection of real organisation and functioning of local administration in both countries. The thesis is divided into 7 chapters. After the brief introduction the chapter dealing with Montenegro exclusively follows. It contains short characteristics of the state, its organisation, political system and administrative division. The chapter...

Regional administration in Bohemia originated already in the Middle Ages and has survived till these days as an basic constituent of the state administration. Cartographical material, especially maps of provinces, which has been so far rather neglected, is very interesting and important source for the cognition of the development of Czech provinces. These maps have been issued since the 18th century and especially in the earlier period had been widely used by general public. The only list of these documents "Soupis map českých zemí" compiled by František Roubík provides outdated and inconsistent informations. The primary aim of this work is to provide a more detailed list of these maps in the form of a catalog and bring more informations on the various creators and publishers of the maps.

The Czech Environmental Inspectorate (CEI, Inspectorate), a body established by the Ministry of the Environment and led by a director, is divided into directorates, ten regional inspectorates and two branches. The objective of this thesis is to provide an overview of the activity carried out by the CEI according to Act No. 59/2006 Coll., about Prevention of Serious Incidents, as amended (hereafter Act). The CEI has been conducting this activity in cooperation with district offices and integrated inspectorates. Among the main activities of the CEI, according to the aforementioned Act, belong processing and discussing the proposal of a year?s inspection plan, organising inspections, creating the final inspection report, inspecting compliance with provisions of the Act by the operator and in case of identifying failures in fulfilling these obligations, prescribing corrective measures or a penalty. The selected methodology assessed the current status through available materials, in particular valid legislation, annual reports, internal regulations of the CEI and Ministry of the Environment. The practical part is based on the theoretic findings and a survey among the CEI experts engaged in this area. The survey was divided into two individual parts. The first part focuses on finding out expert opinions. The other part is made of a test of experts? knowledge. The area of valid legislation focused on its complexity, division of competencies between integrated inspectorates, the frequency of inspections and levels of penalties. Based on the available results there is satisfaction with complexity of legislation; however, it was pointed out that there is occasional duplicity of competencies of individual integrated inspectorates. The frequency of inspections and the levels of penalties stipulated by law were viewed very positively. Another examined area was cooperation with other integrated inspectorates and district offices during joined-up inspections. The area was assessed by all approached CEI experts as absolutely without any issues. Another assessed item was cooperation with the appeal body, i.e. Ministry of the Environment. In this area there is discontentment for the reason of the appeal body cancelling or reducing penalties. Cancelling penalties occurs for the reason of process errors when conduction inspections or disunity in interpreting the valid legislation. The area of personnel support was assessed as sufficient with a note that with respect to the drop in the number of employees as part of cost efficiencies, there would be a lack of employees. In case of inspectors working under the Department of Water Protection, there were two solutions defined: either leaving the existing status or including this area under the Department of Waste Management where integrated prevention also sits at the moment. The last reviewed area is training of new inspectors and developing the current ones. The area of training new inspectors was assessed as insufficient, in particular its practical part. Therefore, the only possible solution is to amend the methodical instruction to train new employees and include more practical preparation. Another point was developing the current insp ectors. Furthermore, it was suggested to introduce regular re-examining of inspectors, approximately once in two years and always when legislation changes. The last examined area was to assess the knowledge level of experts of prevention of serious incidents. The test contained 15 questions and only ten experts participated in it. The average score of errors was one error per one expert. This result can be perceived as very good and it can be said that knowledge is on a very good level. In conclusion, it is necessary to add that the CEI operates in the examined area as a body of prevention and therefore its activity in this area plays a vital role in the fight to prevent serious incidents from occurring.

This thesis contains an analysis of the QMS in municipal government, specifically in the municipal office of the city of Třebíč. It involves a defining a customer in municipal government and state administration, performing gap analysis of the city of Třebíč and recommending steps for implementation of QMS in accordance with ISO 9001:2000.

- 1 - Roman officials during the Republic Abstract This thesis was created with the aim to provide a comprehensive look into the problematics of Roman magistracies in the republican times. Appart from the listing of individual republican offices and their powers, which constitutes the crux of this thesis, it also grapples many questions closely connected to the concept of Roman republican magistracies, including questions of sociopolitical and legal nature. Attention is also given to historical and societal circumstances that have led to the creation of individual magistracies, rules governing holding these offices, their acquisition and resignation and furthermore the relationship between individual magistracies regarding the course of offices. The opening chapter deals with the term Roman magistracy itself and later with the principles governing magistracies as a whole as well as the division of offices into groups based on certain criteria. Likewise, the Roman course of offices - cursus honorum is an important part of the chapter as well as the insignia and privileges of the office that distinguished Roman magistrates from the ordinary citizens. The next two chapters deal with candidacy, campaigning for office and the criteria, that each candidate had to successfully fulfil to be voted into office. The...

This was an investigation of organizational response to retrenchment in higher education. The presidents and deans of Washington State's 32 community and technical colleges were surveyed to measure the severity of, as well as the strategic and economic approaches taken to the retrenchment. It was found that although there was a statistically significant association of .69 (p > .05) between colleges that viewed retrenchment as a serious threat and the pursuit of revenue enhancing options, there was also a statistically significant association of 87 (p > .05) between the use of strategic retrenchment plans and a decremental approach. These findings support those in the literature which hold that the political context in which retrenchment ls carried out precludes implementation of strategies that are 1n the best long-term interests of the college. This investigation concludes that development of techniques for protection of administrators from retaliation by the college community during retrenchment episodes may be the most effective way to enhance college response. / Ed. D.