In the light of increasing pesticides resistance in agricultural pests and in insect vectors of human diseases, leading to the rise in occurrence of mosquito-borne diseases, new, efficient and environmentally friendly methods of pest control are needed. Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), relying on mass releases of radiation sterilised males to reduce reproductive potential of target pest populations, although not new, offers an alternative to the use of pesticides and is an environmentally non-polluting method of insect control. Many insect species, however, are not very amenable to classical SIT, due to detrimental side-effects of radiation treatment. We propose a new method, a genetically engineered modification of classical SIT, replacing radiation with genetically induced sterility. Based on conditional expression of male-germline targeted nucleases which introduce double strand breaks into the male germline DNA to render males sterile, this method emulates SIT mechanism, at the same time eliminating radiation and associated detrimental side-effects. Different variants of such a system were investigated in this project, eventually leading to the creation of functional conditional male-sterility systems in two model organisms – the Yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti and the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. Both systems utilise chimeric nuclease composed of protamine and FokI cleavage domain fusion. The sperm-specificity and the conditionality of the sterile phenotype have been achieved through the use of tetracycline repressible expression system driven by the β2-tubulin promoter in Ceratitis capitata and by the Topi promoter in Aedes aegypti.

Neutrinooszillation, ein Phänomen, das den Neutrino-Flavour nach ihrer Ausbreitung durch den Weltraum verändern kann, ist ein Beweis für nicht-verschwindende Neutrinomassen und ein Hinweis auf eine neue Physik außerhalb des Standardmodells. Diese Arbeit präsentiert die erste Messung zu atmosphärischen Neutrinooszillationen, die sechs Jahre zwischen Mai 2011 und Mai 2017 des IceCube DeepCore Experiment umfasst. Sie erweitert die bisher verfügbare Ereignisauswahl um eine neue Ereignissignatur und einen großeren Energiebereich. Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Methoden, die für die Simulationen der Wechselwirkungen der Neutrinos, die Ereignisauswahl, die Rekonstruktion und die statistische Behandlung von Messdaten und systematischen Messunsicherheiten benutzt werden. Die beste Abschätzung für die Neutrino-Mischungsparameter ist $\Delta m^2_{32} = 2.54^{+0.11}_{-0.12}\cdot 10^{-3}$~eV$^2$ und $\sin^2 \theta_{23} = 0.51\pm0.05$ (68\% C.L.) und gehört zurzeit zu den präzisesten Messungen atmosphärischer Neutrinos. Darüber hinaus wird in dieser Arbeit das Standard-Drei-Flavour-Modell überprüft, indem ein steriles Neutrino mit einer Masse in der Größenordnung von 1 eV eingeführt wird. Die Suche nach Effekten steriler Neutrinos auf atmosphärischen Neutrinooszillationen wird auf drei Jahren Daten, genommen zwischen Mai 2011 und Mai 2014, durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse stimmen mit dem Standard-Modell der Drei-Neutrino-Oszillation überein, was zu den Obergrenzen für sterilen Neutrino-Mischungsparameter $|U_{\mu4}|^2<0.11$ und $|U_{\tau4}|^2<0.15$ (90\% C.L.) für $\Delta m^2_{41}=1$~eV$^2$ führt. Dieser Ergebnis ist derzeit die stringenste Obergrenze für $|U_{\tau4}|^2$. / Neutrino oscillations, a phenomenon that can change the flavour of neutrinos after their propagation through space, are a proof of non-zero neutrino masses and are an indication of new physics beyond the Standard Model. This work presents the first measurement of the atmospheric neutrino oscillations using six years of IceCube DeepCore data taken between May 2011 and May 2017. It extends the previously available event selection to include new event signatures and to use an extended energy range. This work discusses the techniques used for simulation of neutrino interactions, event selection, reconstruction, and the statistical treatment of data and systematic uncertainties. The best estimates for the neutrino mixing parameters are $\Delta m^2_{32} = 2.54^{+0.11}_{-0.12}\cdot 10^{-3}$~eV$^2$ and $\sin^2 \theta_{23} = 0.51\pm0.05$ (68\% C.L.), which are currently among the most precise measurements obtained with atmospheric neutrinos. In addition, this work tests the standard three-flavour paradigm by introducing one sterile neutrino with a mass on the order of 1~eV. The search for sterile neutrino effects in atmospheric neutrino oscillations is performed with three years of data taken between May 2011 and May 2014. The results are consistent with the standard three-neutrino oscillation picture, leading to limits on the allowed sterile neutrino mixing of $|U_{\mu4}|^2<0.11$ and $|U_{\tau4}|^2<0.15$ (90\% C.L.) for $\Delta m^2_{41}=1$~eV$^2$. Currently, the limit for $|U_{\tau4}|^2$ is the most stringent in the World.

Neutrinooszillationen sind das einzige Phänomen jenseits des Standardmodells, das experimentell mit hoher statistischer Signifikanz bestätigt wurde. Diese Arbeit präsentiert eine Messung der atmosphärischen Neutrinooszillationen unter Verwendung von acht Jahren an Daten, die zwischen 2011 und 2019 vom IceCube DeepCore-Detektor aufgenommen wurden. Die Ereignisauswahl wurde im Vergleich zu früheren DeepCore-Messungen verbessert, wobei ein besonderes Augenmerk auf ihre Robustheit gegenüber systematischen Unsicherheiten in den Detektoreigenschaften gelegt wurde. Die Oszillationsparameter werden über eine Maximum-Likelihood-Fit an gebinnte Daten in der gemessenen Energie und Zenitwinkel geschätzt, wobei die Erwartungswerte aus gewichteten simulierten Ereignissen abgeleitet werdem. Diese Arbeit diskutiert den Simulations- und Datenauswahlprozess sowie die statistischen Methoden, die verwendet werden, um einen genauen Erwartungswert unter variablen Detektoreigenschaften und anderen systematischen Unsicherheiten zu liefern. Die Messung wird zunächst unter Verwendung des Standardmodells der Drei-Flavor-Oszillation durchgeführt, wobei das atmosphärische Massensplitting und der Mischwinkel auf $\Delta m^2_{32} = 2.42_{-0.75}^{+0.77} \times10^{-3};\mathrm{eV}^2$ und $\sin^2\theta_{23} = 0.507_{-0.053}^{+0.050}$ geschätzt werden. Das Drei-Flavor-Modell wird dann um einen zusätzlichen Masseneigenzustand erweitert, der einem sterilen Neutrino mit Massensplitting $\Delta m^2_{41} = 1;\mathrm{eV}^2$ entspricht und mit den aktiven $\nu_\mu$- und $\nu_\tau$-Flavorzuständen mischen kann. Es wird kein signifikantes Signal eines sterilen Neutrinos beobachtet, und die Mischungsamplituden zwischen den sterilen und aktiven Zuständen werden auf $|U_{\mu 4}|^2 < 0.0534$ und $|U_{\tau 4}|^2 < 0.0574$ bei 90\% C.L. begrenzt. Diese Grenzwerte sind um den Faktor zwei bis drei strenger als das vorherige DeepCore-Ergebnis, und die Einschränkung von $|U_{\tau 4}|^2$ ist die stärkste der Welt. / Neutrino oscillations are the only phenomenon beyond the Standard Model that has been confirmed experimentally to a very high statistical significance. This work presents a measurement of atmospheric neutrino oscillations using eight years of data taken by the IceCube DeepCore detector between 2011 and 2019. The event selection has been improved over that used in previous DeepCore measurements with a particular emphasis on its robustness with respect to systematic uncertainties in the detector properties. The oscillation parameters are estimated via a maximum likelihood fit to binned data in the observed energy and zenith angle, where the expectation is derived from weighted simulated events. This work discusses the simulation and data selection process, as well as the statistical methods employed to give an accurate expectation value under variable detector properties and other systematic uncertainties. The measurement is first performed first under the standard three-flavor oscillation model, where the atmospheric mass splitting and mixing angle are estimated to be $\Delta m^2_{32} = 2.42_{-0.75}^{+0.77} \times10^{-3}\;\mathrm{eV}^2$ and $\sin^2\theta_{23} = 0.507_{-0.053}^{+0.050}$, respectively. The three-flavor model is then extended by an additional mass eigenstate corresponding to a sterile neutrino with mass splitting $\Delta m^2_{41} = 1\;\mathrm{eV}^2$ that can mix with the active $\nu_\mu$ and $\nu_\tau$ flavor states. No significant signal of a sterile neutrino is observed and the mixing amplitudes between the sterile and active states are constrained to $|U_{\mu 4}|^2 < 0.0534$ and $|U_{\tau 4}|^2 < 0.0574$ at 90\% C.L. These limits are more stringent than the previous DeepCore result by a factor between two and three and the constraint on $|U_{\tau 4}|^2$ is the strongest in the world.

Thesis (MSc (Agric) (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ambient temperature plays a key role in insect-physiology, -population dynamics and ultimately -geographic distribution. Here, I investigate the survival of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Linnaues) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), which is a pest of economic importance in pome fruit production, to a wide range of temperature treatments. In this thesis, I first explore how temperature affects the survival and limits to activity of codling moth and secondly investigate if thermal acclimation can improve field performance of moths used in sterile insect technique control programmes under ecologically relevant conditions. First, I found that absolute temperature as well as the duration of temperature exposure significantly affects adult C. pomonella survival. Lethal temperatures, explored between -20 °C to -5 °C and 32 °C to 47 °C over a range of durations, showed that 50% of the adult C. pomonella population killed at -12 °C and at 44 °C after 2 hrs for each treatment. At high temperatures a pretreatment at 37 °C for 1 hr dramatically improved survival at 43 °C for 2 hrs from 20% to 90% (p<0.0001). Furthermore, high temperature pre-treatments (37 °C for 1 hr) significantly improved low temperature survival at -9 °C for 2 hrs. In sum, my results suggest pronounced plasticity of acute high temperature tolerance in adult C. pomonella, but limited acute low temperature responses. Secondly, low-temperature acclimated laboratory-reared moths were recaptured in significantly higher numbers (d.f. = 2, χ2 = 53.13 p<0.001), by sex pheromone traps, under cooler conditions in the wild relative to warm-acclimated or non-acclimated moths. However, these improvements in low temperature performance in cold-acclimated moths came at a cost to performance under warmer conditions in the wild. This novel study demonstrates the importance of thermal history on C. pomonella survival and clear costs and benefits of thermal acclimation on field and laboratory performance, and thus, the potential utility of thermal pre-treatments for improved efficacy in the sterile insect technique programme for C. pomonella control under cooler, springtime conditions. Finally, on a global scale, this study highlights that low and high temperatures could play a role in CM adult survival through direct mortality and thus, may influence, or have influenced in the pest, population dynamics. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Temperatuur speel ‘n belangrike rol in die fisiologie, populasiedinamika en geografiese verspreiding van insekte. In hierdie tesis ondersoek ek die rol van ‘n wye reeks temperature op die oorlewing van kodlingmot Cydia pomonella (Linnaues) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), ‘n sagtevrug pes-spesie van ekonomiese belang. Ek ondersoek hoofsaaklik die effek van temperatuur op die fisiologie en fiksheid van kodlingmot, asook die mate waartoe termiese akklimasie (‘n mate van aanpassing) die veldgedrag van die steriele insek beheer-metode (SIT), d.m.v. kodlingot, in relevante omgewingstemperature kan verbeter. Ek het (i) gevind dat die temperatuur en duur van die temperatuur toediening ‘n betekenisvolle toename in volwasse C. pomonella oorlewing tot gevolg het. In die deel van die studie is temperature tussen -20 °C en -5 °C and tussen 32 °C en 47 °C ondersoek oor ‘n reeks van 0.5, 1, 2, 3 en 4 ure van duur. In kort lei -12 °C en 44 °C vir 2 uur onderskeidelik tot die uitsterf van 50% van die volwasse C. pomonella populasie. Indien die motte vooraf gehou is by 37 °C vir ongeveer 1 uur, is oorlewing by 43 °C vir 2 ure betekenisvol verbeter van 20% tot 90% (p<0.0001). Hoër temperatuur vooraf-blootstellings (akklimasie), by 37 °C vir 1 uur, het daartoe gelei dat lae temperatuur lae-temperatuur-oorlewings by -9 °C vir 2 ure betekenisvol verbeter het. Oor die algemeen het die resultate gedui dat hoër akute temperatuurstoleransie in C. pomonella bestaan, maar beperkte akute lae-temperatuur reaksies bestaan. Verder het lae-temperatuur akklimasie (laboratorium geteelde) motte ‘n betekenisvolle hoër getal hervangste deur geslagsferomone in koeler omgewings opgelewer (v.i. = 2, χ2 = 53.13, p<0.001) in vergelyking met warmer-temperatuur geakklimatiseerder motte. Hierdie verbeteringe in laetemperatuur reaksies vanaf lea-temperatuur akklimasie groepe is teen ‘n koste teen warmer reaksie-toestande in die natuur geïs. Hierdie eersdaagse studie demonstreer die belang van historiese temperatuur op die oorlewing van C. pomonella. Die kostes- en voordele van termiese akklimasie op veld- en laboratoriumpopulasie reaksies en die potensiële gebruik daarvan in die verbetering van steriele insek tegniek programme, onder koeler omstandighede, is uitgelig. Laastens, beklemtoon hierdie studie die belangrikheid van temperatuur as bepalende faktor van kodlingmot-oorlewing en die invloed daarvan op die vrugte-pes populasiedinamika.

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is responsible for 50 million dengue fever infections in humans each year. A novel control strategy, named RIDL (Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal) relies on releasing large numbers of genetically sterile male insects in order to control pest populations. This thesis describes the development of new tools to improve the efficiency of RIDL against Ae. aegypti and assessment of candidate strains for field release. <strong>Chapter 3</strong> describes a new selection system for Ae. aegypti based on ethanol susceptibility conferred by the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (Adh) from Drosophila melanogaster. I observed that the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti larvae to ethanol can be triggered by expression of Adh in larvae. <strong>Chapters 4</strong> and <strong>5</strong> focus on RIDL strains with a genetic sexing mechanism, for easy and stringent selection for males before mass-releases, eliminating disease- transmitting females. In <strong>Chapter 4</strong>, I describe the creation of a late-acting sexing strain of Ae. aegypti based on the Ae. aegypti doublesex (Aedsx) alternative splicing system. In <strong>Chapter 5</strong>, I describe an attempt to create an early-acting sexing system. Killing the females of the release generation early would free space and resources for the production of males. This was done by combining the Adh gene and the Aedsx alternative splicing system described in <strong>Chapters 3</strong> and <strong>4</strong>. <strong>Chapter 6</strong> reports the results of a comparison, in terms of quality and productivity, between an existing Ae. aegypti RIDL strain and a wild-type control. Results showed equivalent female quality and productivity between the two strains, while RIDL males were less fertile in comparison with wild-type males. RIDL eggs also seemed more susceptible to long- term storage. The results of this work show promise for development of novel RIDL strains that may be used in the field to control disease-transmitting mosquitoes.

The mosquito Aedes polynesiensis, a member of the Aedes scutellaris complex, is the main vector in the South Pacific region of the Wuchereria bancrofti parasite, the causative agent of lymphatic filariasis (LF), and is also a major nuisance biter. Decades of Mass Drug treatment (MDA) have not been successful in elimination LF. Two non-vector species in the Ae. scutellaris complex were introgressed with Ae. polynesiensis to attempt to obtain lines that would produce cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) with wild populations and/or LF-refractoriness. Despite selection of progeny from Brugia-challenged, non-infective females at each backcross, no refractory line was acquired. However, three lines from crosses between aposymbiotic Ae. polynesiensis and Ae. riversi displayed CI and male mating competiveness suitable for the purpose of population suppression using the incompatible insect technique (IIT). A population study was conducted of potential release sites and the evaluation of monitoring tools for Ae. polynesiensis on Moorea and Tetiaroa, French Polynesia. There was no evidence of active migration between selected islets on the atoll of Tetiaroa, suggesting it is a suitable site for field releases of CI males. The BioGents Sentinel trap was shown to be an efficient and convenient trap suitable for Ae. polynesiensis monitoring. The effects of temperature and larval density on life-table parameters relevant to IIT were examined, including: larval survivorship, developmental time to pupation, male to female ratio, male pupae yield, male size and adult male survival. These findings were used to design and conduct a 14-week field experiment testing CI male strain against an isolated population, using optimized rearing conditions. Approximately 8000 males were released weekly on motu Onetahi, Tetiaroa atoll. Significant sterility was induced by Wolbachia in the targeted female population, supporting the development and scale-up of this approach toward Ae. polynesiensis nuisance and LF transmission reduction.

[pt] Nesta dissertação, estudamos do ponto de vista fenomenológico, os efeitos de neutrinos estéreis para os observáveis de massas de neutrinos baseado nos dados do experimento LSND e nos resultados divulgados recentemente pela colaboração MiniBooNE. Consideramos observáveis de massa as seguintes quantidades: o parâmetro de massa cinemática cuja medida é realizada em experimentos com o decaimento beta do tritium tendo seu valor atual fornecido pelos experimentos Mainz e Troitsk; a massa efetiva de Majorana, que é uma quantidade que pode ser obtida em experimentos com o duplo decaimento beta sem neutrinos; finalmente, a soma de massas dos neutrinos, a qual é vinculada por dados cosmológicos. Nossa análise é realizada considerando os possíveis ordenamentos de massas para o caso em que temos dois neutrinos estéreis além dos três neutrinos ativos usuais, cuja adição é necessária para explicar os resultados de LSND e MiniBooNE ao mesmo tempo. Neste cenário, temos oito possíveis ordenamentos de massas, os quais dividimos em três grupos. No primeiro grupo, temos que os dois neutrinos estéreis são mais pesados que os três neutrinos ativos. No segundo grupo, os dois neutrinos estéreis são mais leves que os três neutrinos ativos. Cada um destes dois grupos tem possibilidades que dependem do ordenamento de massas dos neutrinos ativos que pode ser normal ou invertido. No terceiro e último grupo temos que um neutrino estéril é mais leve e o outro mais pesado que os três neutrinos ativos. Neste grupo, existem quatro possibilidades de ordenamento associada ao posicionamento dos neutrinos estéreis e ao ordenamento dos neutrinos do setor ativo. Investigamos os observáveis de massas em cada um destes cenários. / [en] In this dissertation we study, from the phenomenological point of view, the effects of sterile neutrinos for the observables related to neutrino masses based on the data of the LSND experiment and on the results releasedrecently by the MiniBooNE collaboration. We consider the following mass related obsevables: the kinematic mass parameter which is obtained in tritium beta decay experiments whose current value is provided by Mainzand Troitsk experiments; the Majorana effective mass, it is a quantity that can be obtained in neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. In additionto these quantities, we also consider the sum of neutrinos masses, which isconstrained by cosmological data. Our analysis is performed by considering the possible mass orderings for the cases where we have two sterile neutrinosbeyond the three standard active neutrinos, whose addition is necessary to explain the results of LSND andMiniBooNE simultaneously. In this scenariot here are eight possible mass orderings, which are divided into three groups.In the first group we have two sterile neutrinos which are heavier thanthe three active neutrinos. In the second group the two sterile neutrinosare lighter than the three active neutrinos. Each of these two groups canbe further divided into 2 subgroups depending on the mass ordering ofthe active neutrinos that can be normal or inverted. In the third and lastgroup we have one sterile neutrino lighter and the other heavier than thethree active neutrinos. In this group there are four possibilities of ordering depending on the positioning of the sterile neutrinos with respect to theactive ones and on the mass ordering of the active states. We investigate systematically the masses observable in each of these scenarios.

No description available.

No mundo todo, o manejo integrado de moscas-das-frutas é feito com associação do controle biológico aplicado e técnica do inseto estéril. Além da boa eficiência no campo, a associação dessas técnicas é também favorecida pelo fato de ambos os organismos, insetos estéreis e parasitoides, poderem ser produzidos massalmente na mesma fábrica com menor custo. Visando à produção massal do parasitoide de moscas-das-frutas Diachasmimorpha longicaudata e de insetos estéreis para atender a programas de manejo integrado de Ceratitis capitata e Anastrepha fraterculus, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), da Universidade de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2006 a 2012. Durante esse período, metodologias de criação em laboratório foram implementadas e permitiram o desenvolvimento da tecnologia necessária para a produção desses insetos em grande escala no Brasil. Dados de 25 gerações do parasitoide produzido em grande escala em C. capitata tsl-Viena 8 e 51 gerações em A. fraterculus, bem como os efeitos e diferenças desses hospedeiros na qualidade do parasitoide foram analisados. É possível criar o parasitoide D. longicaudata em ambos os hospedeiros, C. capitata linhagem tsl-Viena 8 e A. fraterculus, entretanto essa linhagem de C. capitata não é indicada para produção massal do parasitoide, pois a emergência é muito baixa devido à debilidade do hospedeiro, possivelmente acarretada pelas manipulações genéticas que permitem a sexagem da mosca na fase embrionária. Caso essa seja a linhagem com melhor custo/ benefício disponível, recomenda-se o uso de larvas hospedeiras oriundas de ovos tratados termicamente para a produção do parasitoide. A criação em grande escala de A. fraterculus foi estabelecida com sucesso após o período de domesticação da espécie, obtendo-se larvas de boa qualidade com baixo custo, devido à dieta larval com baixa concentração de ágar e total uso de ingredientes nacionais nas dietas de adultos e larvas, por mais de 50 gerações. O uso de larvas irradiadas de A. fraterculus para a produção de D. longicaudata promove maior emergência do parasitoide, com maior quantidade e melhor qualidade de fêmeas que larvas de C. capitata. / The integrated management of fruit flies is worldwide done with the association of augmentative biological control with parasitoids and the sterile insect technique. Beyond the efficiency in the field, the joint of both techniques is also favored by the easy production of organisms, both parasitoids and sterile insects, in the same facility with low costs. Aiming for the mass production of the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and sterile insects to support integrated management programs for Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha fraterculus, this work was developed at the Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) of the University of São Paulo, between 2006 and 2012. Along this period, laboratory rearing methods were improved which allowed the development of the required technology for a large scale production of those insects in Brazil. Data of 25 generations of the parasitoid large scale production using C. capitata tsl-Vienna 8 strain and 51 generations using A. fraterculus as hosts are presented. Moreover, the effect and differences between hosts in parasitoid\'s quality were analyzed. The parasitoid D. longicaudata can be large scale produced using both C. capitata tsl- Vienna 8 or A. fraterculus as hosts, but this strain of C. capitata is not recommended for D. longicaudata mass production once the parasitoid emergency is very low due to the host weakness. If this strain is the best cost/benefit available, the use of host larvae originating from heat treated eggs might be considered to parasitoids production. The A. fraterculus large scale rearing was established successfully after the domestication period of the specie, producing a large amount of insects with excellent quality using local ingredients and little agar in the diet composition over 50 generations. A. fraterculus irradiated larvae as host for large scale producing D. longicaudata promotes greater parasitoid emergence with greater female biased sex ratio and better female quality than C.capitata larvae.

As moscas-das-frutas são consideradas importantes pragas da fruticultura mundial, causando perdas significativas à produção e ao livre trânsito de frutas. Com a preferência por alimentos com baixos níveis de agrotóxicos, pesquisas estão buscando alternativas ecológica, social e econômica viáveis para o controle destas pragas. A Técnica do Inseto estéril (TIE) é uma técnica onde os insetos são criados, esterilizados e liberados em áreas infestadas, reduzindo a fertilidade da população selvagem, além de ser um método não poluente e não agressivo ao ambiente. Com o desenvolvimento de novos estudos da metodologia da TIE, foi introduzida uma nova linhagem mutante a Sensibilidade a Letal Temperatura (tsl) Viena-8, cujas fêmeas são sensíveis à alta temperatura, podendo ser eliminadas já na fase embrionária, no início da criação massal, agregando mais benefícios a este método de controle e/ou supressão de praga. Com diferentes testes de incubação de ovos da linhagem tsl, com temperaturas e tempos combinados e variados, comprovou-se a extrema sensibilidade às mudanças de temperatura. A temperatura ideal para a incubação dos ovos dessa linhagem está entre 24ºC a 26ºC pelo período de 24 a 48 horas. Deve-se tomar o máximo de cuidado com a elevação da temperatura acima de 26ºC durante a manutenção e multiplicação dessa linhagem em condições de laboratório ou massalmente. Acima de 26ºC, há sérios riscos de comprometer a qualidade dos insetos produzidos. O curto período de 6 horas a uma temperatura de 34ºC, já é suficiente para alterar negativamente a proporção de fêmeas de ovos tratados termicamente / The fruit flies are considered important pests of the world horticulture, causing significant loses to the production and the free traffic of fruits. With the preference for foods with low levels of pesticides, researches are looking for alternatives ecological, social and economical viable for the control of these pests. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is a technique where the insects are reared, sterilized and release in infested areas, reducing the fertility of the wild population, and is a method no pollutant and no aggressive to the environment. With the development of new studies of the methodology of SIT, a new mutation, Temperature Sensitive Lethal (tsl) Vienna 8, whose females are sensitive to the high temperature, could already be eliminated in the embryonic phase, in the beginning of the mass-rearing, resulting in more benefits to the control/suppression this pests. Different tests of incubation with eggs of tsl strain, with variation of time and temperature was done and proved a very sensitive to temperature changes. The ideal temperature for the incubation of the eggs is among 24ºC to 26ºC by the period from 24 to 48 hours. The maximum of care should be taken with the elevation of the temperature above 26ºC during the maintenance and multiplication in laboratory conditions or mass-rearing. Above this temperature it can commit the quality of the produced insects. The short period of 6 hours with temperature to 34ºC, is enough to change negatively the proportion of females of eggs in the thermal treatment