Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4559.pdf: 2430892 bytes, checksum: d154b35d326d05be2db06928cf07eaa6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-30 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / As well as being popular and growing worldwide, sport fisheries are considered an important recreational, economic and social activity that propels a wide production chain and generates employment and income. The major species of marine shrimp used as live bait in the Brazilian coast used as live bait in sport fishing are: white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti and pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and Farfantepenaeus paulensis, all of them included in the list of overexploited species. Although the shrimp are caught in estuaries throughout the year, the main period of capture occurs in the summer months. This fact produces significant fluctuations in the catch throughout the year, occurring in situations that greatly reduced catches. In view of these facts, the cultivation of shrimps for bait production could become an important tool for conservation and regulation of the market for live bait. Thus, the studies that comprise this thesis were directed to the production of pink shrimp F. brasiliensis in biofloc system and management studies related to transportation of shrimp as live bait. From the results observed in thesis, it was observed that there is already a well established method for the production of post-larvae of F. brasiliensis this phase is not an obstacle for the production of live bait. Furthermore, the results show that F. brasiliensis has a potential for the cultivation in biofloc system and can be reared in a stocking density of up to 100 shrimp/m² during the nursery stage and in a density of up to 75 shrimp/m² during the grow-out phase. Finally, it was observed that for the transport of F. brasiliensis the water temperature should be between 16 and 19 °C and stocking density should not exceed 3 shrimp / L or (16.5 g / L), the transport is recommended for a maximum of 10 hours to prevent mortality. Therefore, according to all data obtained in this thesis, post-larvae production, cultivation in biofloc system and transportation of F. brasiliensis to be used as live bait proved to be technically viable solutions to meet the needs of sport fisheries. / Além de popular e crescente no mundo todo, a pesca amadora é considerada uma importante atividade recreativa, econômica e social que movimenta uma ampla cadeia produtiva gerando emprego e renda. As principais espécies de camarões marinhos nativos da costa brasileira utilizados como isca viva na pesca amadora são: o camarão-branco Litopenaeus schmitti e os camarões-rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis e Farfantepenaeus paulensis, todas incluídas na lista de espécies sobre-explotadas. Embora os camarões sejam capturados em estuários ao longo de todo o ano, o principal período de captura ocorre nos meses de verão. Este fato produz flutuações significativas na captura ao longo do ano, ocorrendo situações em que as capturas diminuem muito. Em vista destes fatos, o cultivo de camarões para produção de iscas vivas pode vir a ser um importante instrumento para a conservação e para regulação do mercado de isca viva. Portanto, os estudos que compõem esta tese foram direcionados para a produção do camarão-rosa F. brasiliensis em sistema de bioflocos e para estudos de manejo relacionados ao transporte destes camarões como isca viva. A partir dos resultados observados na tese, pode se verificar que já existe uma metodologia bem estabelecida para a produção de pós-larvas de F. brasiliensis não sendo esta fase um obstáculo para a produção de isca viva. Além disso, os resultados mostraram que F. brasiliensis apresenta um potencial para o cultivo em sistema de bioflocos podendo ser cultivado na densidade de estocagem de até 100 camarões/m2 durante a fase de berçário e até 75 camarões/m2 durante a fase de engorda. Por último, observou-se que para o transporte de F. brasiliensis a temperatura da água deve estar entre 16 e 19 °C e a densidade de estocagem não deve ultrapassar os 3 camarões/L ou (16,5 g/L), sendo recomendado o transporte por no máximo 10 horas para evitar mortalidades. Portanto, de acordo com os dados obtidos na presente tese, a produção de pós-larvas, o cultivo em sistema de bioflocos e o transporte de F. brasiliensis para a comercialização na forma de isca viva para suprir as necessidades da pesca amadora demonstrou ser tecnicamente viável.

No description available.

Inovação em produção animal tem sido cada vez mais exigido pelos consumidores. No ambito de produção de postura, a maior demanda é por ovos provenientes de sistemas alternativos às gaiolas tradicionais, majoritariamente pelas tendencias observadas na Europa, e dessa forma, pesquisas ressaltando a realidade brasileira estão sendo realizadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parametros produtivos e de bem-estar em dois contextos de sistemas produtivos, sob variadas densidades de alojamento. Para isso 250 aves Lohmann Brown® foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com os tratamentos organizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo 2 sistemas de alojamento (convencional e cage-free) e 4 densidades (375,00; 450,00; 562,50 e 750,00 cm2/ave), com 6 repetições. O período experimental foi de 21 a 36 semanas de idade das poedeiras, totalizando 4 ciclos de 28 dias cada. Foram avaliados desempenho produtivo (produção de ovos, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar por kg de ovos), qualidade de ovos (peso, coloração de gema, índice gema, % de gema, % albumen, % casca, espessura e resistência a quebra, e unidade Haugh) e indicadores de bem-estar (frequência respiratória e cardíaca, temperatura clocal, escore de lesão corporal, concentração d eIgY na gema) Observou-se interação entre sistema de produção e densidade de alojamento para: % postura, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar por kg de ovos, peso do ovo, % de gema, % albúmen, espessura de casca. O aumento de densidade promoveu efeito significativo para % postura, consumo de ração, temperatura cloacal, lesão em quilha e em pés. O tipo de sistema de produção afetou consumo de ração, conversão alimentar por kg de ovos, peso do ovo, coloração de gema, índice gema, resistência à quebra, frequência cardíaca temperatura cloacal, lesões de quilha e pés e concentração de IgY na gema. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que tanto o sistema de produção quanto a densidade de alojamento estão ligados a efeitos produtivos, de qualidade de ovos, e de bem-estar animal. / Innovation in animal production has been increasingly demanded by consumers. In the field of egg production, the greatest demand is for eggs coming from alternative systems to traditional cages, mostly from the trends observed in Europe, and thus, research highlighting the Brazilian reality is being carried out. The objective of this study was to evaluate productive and welfare parameters in two contexts of productive systems, under different stocking densities. For this purpose, 250 Lohmann Brown® birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with treatments arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with 2 housing systems (conventional and cage-free) and 4 densities (375.00; 450.00, 562.50 and 750.00 cm2 / bird), with 6 replicates. The experimental period was 21 to 36 weeks of age, totalling 4 cycles of 28 days each. (Egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion per kg of egg), egg quality (weight, yolk color, yolk index, % yolk,% albumen,% shell, shell thickness and resistance to breakage, and Haugh unit) and indicators of welfare (respiratory rate and heart rate, body temperature, body lesion score, IgY concentration in the yolk). The interaction between production system and housing density was observed for: % laying, feed intake , feed conversion per kg of eggs, egg weight, % yolk, % albumen, shell thickness. The increase in density had a significant effect on % laying, feed intake, cloacal temperature, keel and foot injury. The type of production system affected feed intake, feed conversion per kg of egg, egg weight, yolk color, yolk index, breaking strength, cloacal temperature, keel and foot lesions, and IgY concentration in the yolk. The results of this study demonstrate that both the production system and housing density are linked to productive effects, egg quality, and animal welfare.

Department of Animal Science / BSCAGR

<p>Cilj istraţivanja bio je da se ispita uticaj svetlosnog programa (konstantnog &ndash; KS i opadajuĆe- rastuĆeg - ORS), gustine obroka i gustine naseljenosti i njihove interakcije na proizvodne i klaniČne osobine brojlerskih piliĆa, kvalitet mesa i o&scaron;teĆenje tabanskih jastuČiĆa.<br />Istraţivanja su sprovedena na farmi piliĆa Donji Crnci nadomak Podgorice u tri ogleda: u prvom su ispitivani efekti svetlosnog programa i gustine obroka, u drugom programi svetla i gustina naseljenosti piliĆa, a u treĆem program svetla i gustina obroka (sme&scaron;e sa standardnim i poveĆanim sadrţajem energije i proteina, pri Čemu je odnos energija : protein bio konstantan). U svakom ogledu bilo je 320 piliĆa linijskog hibrida Cobb 500, me&scaron;anih po polu, a ogledi su trajali 42 dana. U sva tri ogleda formirane su po Četiri grupe sa Četiri ponavljanja i u svakoj grupi bilo je 80 jednodnevnih piliĆa.<br />Proizvodni parametri (telesna masa, utro&scaron;ak hrane i uginuĆa) praĆeni su u svim ogledima, a izraČunati su konverzija hrane i proizvodni indeks. Telesne mase su merene u uzrastu od 1; 7; 14; 21; 28; 35 i 42 dana. Utro&scaron;ak hrane utvrčivan je na kraju perioda primene pojedinih sme&scaron;a, i to: 14. dana koliČina konzumirane starter sme&scaron;e, 35. dana grovera i 42. dana fini&scaron;er sme&scaron;e. Mortalitet je odrečivan beleţenjem broja uginulih piliĆa u toku trajanja ogleda. Na osnovu telesnih masa, konverzije hrane i mortaliteta izraČunati su proizvodni indeksi.<br />Na kraju svakog ogleda, sa 6 nedelja starosti, piliĆi su izmereni pojedinaČno, izraČunati su proseci tretmana, a zatim je od svakog tretmana izdvojeno 20 piliĆa (10 mu&scaron;kih i 10 ţenskih) radi ispitivanja klaniČnih karakteristika. Pre klanja piliĆi su gladovali 12 sati. Nakon klanja i Či&scaron;Ćenja trupovi su ohlačeni na 40C u toku 24 sata, a potom obračeni kao: &bdquo;klasiČna obrada&rdquo; &bdquo;spremno za peČenje&rdquo; i &bdquo;spremno za ro&scaron;tilj&rdquo;.<br />Pri konfekcioniranju trupova izdvojena je abdominalna mast, izmerene mase obračenih trupova i dobijeni randmani. Radi utvrčivanja prinosa i udela osnovnih i sporednih delova trupa izvr&scaron;eno je rasecanje ohlačenih trupova. Ocena konformacije trupova izvr&scaron;ena je na osnovu utvrčenih apsolutnih mera: duţine piska, duţina kobilice, dubina grudi i obim bataka. Kori&scaron;Ćen je indeks koji predstavlja odnos ţive mase pre klanja i posmatrane mere (g/mm).<br />U ogledu II izvr&scaron;eno je i fiziČko ispitivanje kostiju, na femuru nakon izdvajanja od skeleta brojlera, a u ogledu III odrečeni su sadrţaj vlage, sadrţaj ukupne masti, ukupnog pepela i ukupnih proteina belog i crvenog mesa, na uzorcima mi&scaron;iĆnog tkiva grudi i karabataka od 5 mu&scaron;kih i 5 ţenskih trupova u svakom tretmanu (ukupno 20).</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Rezultati ukazuju da svetlosni program nije statistiČki znaČajno uticao na zavr&scaron;ne telesne mase u ogledima I i II, dok su u ogledu III veĆe mase utvrčene kod piliĆa tovljenih pri KS. Primena ORS uticala je na usporavanje stope rasta u prvom periodu tova, a kao rezultat kompenzacionog porasta bez uticaja na zavr&scaron;ne mase, sem u treĆem ogledu. Bolju konverziju hrane u periodu ishrane fini&scaron;erom postigli su piliĆi u ogledu I pri ORS nego pri KS, kao i u ishrani starterom u ogledu III. Svetlosni programi u ogledu II nisu uticali na konverziju hrane i mortalitet piliĆa.<br />Gustina obroka nije uticala na zavr&scaron;ne mase, konverziju hrane, mortalitet i proizvodni indeks. Kod piliĆa hranjenih obrocima sa vi&scaron;im sadrţajem proteina i energije utvrčene su veĆe telesne mase na kraju tova (P&lt;0.01). Gustina obroka u ogledima I i III nije imala uticaj na konverziju hrane, mortalitet i proizvodni indeks. Znatno je veĆa zavr&scaron;na masa piliĆa tovljenih pri gustini naseljenosti od 12 grla/m2 (2667,08 g) nego pri 17 grla/m2 (2435,76 g) i razlike su bile statistiČki visoko znaČajne. Nije utvrčen uticaj gustine naseljenosti na konverziju hrane, mortalitet i proizvodni indeks.<br />Ispitivani faktori (svetlo, gustina obroka i gustina naseljenosti) nisu uticali na randmane, ali jesu interakcije nekih od njih. U svim ogledima utvrčen je manji udeo abdominalne masti pri ORS nego pri KS, ali bez statistiČke znaČajnosti. Gustina obroka i gustina naseljenosti nisu uticali na sadrţaj abdominalne masti. VeĆi je sadrţaj abdominalne masti u svim ogledima bio kod ţenskih nego mu&scaron;kih piliĆa. Udeo grudi veĆi je pri KS nego pri ORS, ali su razlike statistiČki znaČajne samo u treĆem ogledu. Gustina obroka i gustina naseljenosti nisu uticale na udeo grudi. Udeo bataka bio je veĆi kod piliĆa tovljenih pri ORS nego pri KS, ali su razlike statistiČki znaČajne samo u prvom ogledu. Udeo karabataka u prvom i drugom ogledu nije se znaČajno razlikovao izmeču svetlosnih programa, dok je u treĆem bio veĆi pri ORS nego pri KS (P&lt;0.01). Nije utvrčen uticaj gustine naseljenosti i gustine obroka na udeo bataka i karabataka. Kod mu&scaron;kih piliĆa utvrčen je veĆi udeo bataka, a kod ţenskih karabataka.<br />Relativne vrednosti mera konformacije nisu bile pod uticajem svetlosnih programa i gustine obroka, osim &scaron;to je pri manjoj gustini naseljenosti relativna vrednost dubine grudi bila veĆa (P&lt;0.05). Na o&scaron;teĆenje tabanskih jastuČiĆa nije utvrčen uticaj svetla i gustine obroka, ali su piliĆi pri veĆim gustinama naseljenosti, poČev od 28. dana, imali znatno veĆa o&scaron;teĆenja tabanskih jastuČiĆa nego pri manjoj gustini.<br />Svetlosni program i gustina naseljenosti nisu uticali na fiziČke osobine femura: povr&scaron;inu preseka, silu loma i specifiČnu silu loma. Mu&scaron;ki piliĆi imali su veĆi povr&scaron;inu preseka i silu loma femura, razlike za povr&scaron;inu preseka su statistiČki znaČajne, ali ne i za silu loma.<br />Procenat masti u tamnom mesu bio je veĆi, a proteina niţi pri ORS nego pri KS. Ostali parametri hemijske analize tamnog i belog mesa nisu bili pod uticajem svetlosnih programa. Gustina obroka nije imala uticaj na hemijski sastav mesa grudi i karabataka.<br />Na osnovu svega iznesenog moţe se zakljuČiti da su sva tri faktora (svetlosni program, gustina obroka i gustina naseljenosti), kao i njihove interakcije, uticali na brojne proizvodne parametre i kvalitet mesa brojlera, pa i na njihovu dobrobit u razliČitim fazama tova. ImajuĆi u vidu ogromne razlike u efektima koji se mogu postiĆi pri razliČitim kombinacijama ovih Činilaca, rezultati ovih i sliČnih istraţivanja treba da olak&scaron;aju izbor tehnologije koja Će davati najbolje ekonomske efekte u tovu piliĆa. Takoče, tamo gde su rezultati nejasni ili kontradiktorni, treba nastaviti istraţivanja na veĆem broju jedinki i fokusirati se na ekonomski vaţnije proizvodne i klaniČne osobine piliĆa.</p> / <p>The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of the lighting program (constant &ndash; KS and intermittent &ndash; ORS), feed density and stocking density and their interaction with production and slaughterhouse characteristics of broiler chicken, meat quality and feet pad damage.<br />The research was conducted on a chicken farm Donji Crnci in the vicinity of Podgorica, in three trials: the first trial focused on effects of the lighting program and feed density, the second on the lighting program and stocking density and the third on the lighting program and the feed density (mixes with standard and increased content of energy and protein, with a constant energy:protein ratio). Each of the trials included 320 chicken of the Cobb 500 hybrid line, mixed sexes; trials lasted for 42 days. In all three trials, four groups were formed with four repetitions and each group included 80 one-day chickens.<br />Production parameters (weight, feed consumption and deaths) were monitored in all trials and feed conversion ratio and production index were calculated. Weight was measured when broilers were 1; 7; 14; 21; 28; 35 and 42 days old. Feed consumption was determined at the end of the use of specific mixes, as follows: 14th day the quantity of starter mix consumed, 35th day the quantity of grower mix consumed and 42nd day quantity of the finisher mix. Mortality rate was determined by recording the number of chicken that died during the trial. Production indices were calculated based on weight, food conversion ratio and mortality.<br />At the end of all trials, at 6 weeks of age, the chickens were measured individually, group averages were calculated and then by random sampling, 20 chicken were taken from each group (10 males and 10 females) in order to analyse slaughter characteristics. Pre-slaughter fasting lasted for 12 hours. After slaughter and cleaning, the carcasses were cooled to 40C over 24 hours and then processed as: &ldquo;classical processing&rdquo;, &ldquo;ready to grill&rdquo; and &ldquo;barbecue ready&rdquo;.<br />In carcass processing, abdominal fat was taken out, weight of processed carcases measured and carcass yield values were obtained. In order to determine the yield and share of the main and secondary parts of the carcass, cooled carcasses were cut out. Evaluation of carcass conformation was done on the basis of absolute measures of the following: metatarsus length, keel length, breast depth and drumsticks circumference. Index representing the ratio of live weight before slaughter and measure observed was used (g/mm).<br />In Trial II, physical examination of bones was done, on femur, upon separation from the broiler skeleton, and in Trial III moisture content, total fat content, total ash content and total protein of white and red meat was determined on samples of muscle tissue of breasts and thighs of 5 male and 5 female carcasses in each of the treatments (20 in total).<br />The results show that lighting program had no statistically significant effect on final body weight in Trials I and II, while in Trial III, higher weights were recorded in chicken fattened under KS. ORS resulted in slowing down of the growth rate in the first fattening period, and as a result of compensatory growth it had no effect on final weights, except in the third trial. Better food conversion ratio in the period of finisher mix diet was achieved by chicken in Trial I under ORS than those under KS, as well as in starter mix diet in Trial III. Lighting program in Trial II had no effect on food conversion ratio and mortality of chicken. Feed density did not have an effect on final weights, feed conversion, mortality and production index. In chicken fed with meals with higher protein and energy content, higher weight was recorded at the end of the fattening period (P&lt;0.01). Feed density in Trials I and III did not have an effect on feed conversion ratio, mortality and production index. Significantly higher weight was recorded in chicken fattened at the stocking density of 12 animals/m2 (2667.08 g) than at the density of 17 animals/m2 (2435.76<br />8<br />g) and differences had statistically high significance. No effect of stocking density was identified in terms of feed conversion, mortality and production index.<br />Factors analysed (light, feed density and stocking population) did not have an effect on carcass yield, but interactions of some of them did. In all the trials, a smaller share of abdominal fat was established under ORS than under KS, but it was not statistically significant. Feed density and stocking density had no effect on abdominal fat content. Higher abdominal fat content in all trials was found in female than in male chicken. The share of breasts is larger under KS than under ORS, but differences are statistically significant only in the Trial III. Feed density and stocking density had no effect on the share of breasts in the carcass. The share of drumsticks was higher in chicken fattened under ORS than those under KS, but differences were statistically significant only in the Trial I. The share of thighs in Trials I and II did not differ significantly between lighting programs, while in the Trial III it was higher under ORS than under KS (P&lt;0.01). Effect of stocking density and feed density on the share of drumsticks and thighs was not determined. Higher share of drumsticks was determined in male chicken while in female, the share of thighs was higher.<br />Relative values of conformation measures were not influenced by the light programs and feed density, except that in lower stocking density the relative value of the breast depth was higher (P&lt;0.05). Effect of light and feed density on feet pads damage was not determined, but chicken in higher stocking density, as of 28th day, had significantly higher feet pad damage than those in lower stocking density.<br />Light program and stocking density did not have an effect on physical properties of femur: cross-sectional area, breaking force and specific breaking force. Male chicken had larger cross-sectional area and femur breaking force, differences in cross-sectional area were statistically significant, but this was not the case with the breaking force.<br />Percentage of fat in dark meat was higher and that of proteins lower under ORS than under KS. Other parameters of the chemical analysis of dark and white meat were not under the influence of the light programs. Feed density had no effect on chemical composition of breasts and thighs meat.<br />Based on all stated above, it can be concluded that all three factors (light program, feed density and stocking density) as well as their interactions had effect on numerous production parameters and quality of broiler meat, including on their welfare in different fattening phases. Taking into account enormous differences in effects that may be achieved in different combinations of these factors, the results of these and similar researches should make easier the selection of the technology that would yield the best economic effects in chicken fattening. Furthermore, where results are unclear or contradictory, further research should be conducted on a larger number of animals and focus on economically more significant production and slaughterhouse characteristics of chicken.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LigiaGR.pdf: 427991 bytes, checksum: fd90b864e24611c634c5ec114b00d8f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-29 / The main problem faced by the shrimp industry are the infectious diseases. The hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis infection (IHHN) is one of the major cause of disease in the cultured shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Environmental changes involving water quality, oxygen concentration, salinity, temperature, stocking density, presence of pathogens, among others, triggering a stressing condition for the cultured shrimp, weakening them and allowing the outbreak of diseases. The stress on the animal leads to a change in the molecules immune response components, which can be used as indicators of shrimp health. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of salinity, stocking density and IHHNV infection on the L. vannamei shrimp. The immune parameters used to check the shrimp health were the total hemocytes counts (THC), the agglutinating activity (AA) and the clotting time (CT) of the serum of shrimp. These parameters were analyzed in healthy and IHHNV-infected shrimp, grown in low (0-0.5 ), medium (19-24 ) and high (> 38 ) salinity, and extensive (7-12 cam.m-2), semi-intensive (15-25 cam.m-2) and intensive (33-45 cam.m -2) stocking density. The IHHNV infection rate was significantly higher in low salinity (P<0.005) and intensive density (P<0.005), both stressful conditions for L. vannamei. Low salinity significantly increased THC (P<0.05) and decreased and CT (P<0.05) in healthy and infected shrimp, but AA (P<0.05) significantly decreased in healthy shrimp at medium salinity. Culture intensification did not affect the THC, AA and CT of healthy and infected shrimp (P>0.05). The IHHNV infection did not affect any immune parameters of shrimp cultured at different salinities and stocking densities. It is necessary to emphasize that this study was conducted in shrimp grown in ponds, where several environmental factors are acting simultaneously. Thus, further studies are needed about the influence of other environmental factors on the immune parameters of shrimp cultured in pond / O principal problema enfrentado pela ind?stria do camar?o s?o as enfermidades de origem infecciosa. A Infec??o Hipodermal e Necrose Hematopoi?tica (IHHN) ? uma das principais causas de doen?as no camar?o de cultivo Litopenaeus vannamei. Altera??es do ambiente de cultivo envolvendo qualidade da ?gua, concentra??o de oxig?nio, salinidade, temperatura, densidade de estocagem, presen?a de pat?genos, entre outros, desencadeiam uma situa??o de estresse nos camar?es cultivados, debilitando-os e permitindo a instala??o de enfermidades. O estresse desencadeia no animal a altera??o de mol?culas componentes da resposta imune, que podem ser usadas como indicadores de sa?de do camar?o. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da salinidade, densidade de estocagem e infec??o pelo IHHNV na imunidade do camar?o de cultivo L. vannamei. Os par?metros imunes utilizados para monitorar as condi??es de sa?de dos camar?es foram o n?mero total de hem?citos (THC), a atividade aglutinante (AA) e o tempo de coagula??o (TC) dos soros dos camar?es. Estes par?metros foram analisados em camar?es saud?veis e infectados pelo IHHNV, cultivados em baixa (0-0,5 ), m?dia (19-24 ) e alta (>38 ) salinidades e em extensiva (7-12 cam.m-2 ), semi-intensiva (15-25 cam.m-2) e intensiva (33-45 cam.m-2) densidades de estocagem. A taxa de infec??o pelo IHHNV foi significativamente maior em baixa salinidade (P<0,005) e na densidade intensiva (P<0,005), ambas condi??es estressantes para o L. vannamei. Baixa salinidade significativamente aumentou THC (P<0,05) e diminuiu TC (P<0,05) de camar?es saud?veis e infectados, mas AA (P<0,05) de camar?es saud?veis diminui significativamente na m?dia salinidade. A intensifica??o do cultivo n?o afetou THC, AA e TC de camar?es saud?veis e infectados (P>0,05). A infec??o pelo IHHNV n?o afetou nenhum dos par?metros imunes dos camar?es cultivados nas diferentes salinidades e densidades de estocagem. ? necess?rio enfatizar que o presente estudo foi realizado em camar?es cultivados em viveiros, onde v?rios fatores ambientais est?o atuando simultaneamente. Desta forma, s?o necess?rios estudos adicionais sobre a influ?ncia de outros fatores ambientais nos par?metros imunes de camar?es nas condi??es de cultivo

Det kommer ske en stor utbyggnad av elektrolys för produktion av vätgas i Sverigeoch övriga världen. För att sänka produktionskostnaden och därmed göra vätgasenbilligare analyserar denna rapport vilket behov av syrgas och värme som en landbaserad fiskodling har, samt hur mycket syrgas och värme fiskodlingen skulle behövaköpa från en elektrolysör. Analysen visar att de arter som används i studien - tilapia(Oreochromis, Oreochromis,. Alcolapia), regnbåge (Oncorhynchus mykiss) och lax(Salmo salar) - i en odling som producerar 40 ton fisk om året skulle förbruka cirka1,16 procent av syrgasen och cirka 0,35 procent av värmen från en 3 MW PEMelektrolysör. Försäljningsvärdet av syrgasen och värmen från en 3 MW elektrolysörberäknas till cirka 695 000 SEK/år för syrgasen och cirka 1 830 000 SEK/år för värmen. Den genomsnittliga kostnaden för syrgas och värme för arterna i studien i enodling på 40 ton/år beräknas till 8900 SEK/år för syrgasen och 6400 SEK/år förvärmen i en landbaserad fiskodling. / There will be a major expansion of electrolysis for production of hydrogen in Sweden and the rest of the world. To reduce production costs and thus make hydrogencheaper, this report analyzes how much oxygen and heat a fish farm consumes andtherefore would need to buy from an electrolyser. The analysis shows that the species used in the study - tilapia (Oreochromis, Oreochromis, Alcolapia), rainbow(Oncorhynchus mykiss) and salmon (Salmo salar) - in a farm that produces 40 tonsof fish per year would consume 1.16 percent of the oxygen and 0,35 percent of theheat produced from a 3 MW PEM electrolyzer. The value of the oxygen and theheat from a 3 MW electrolyser is calculated at SEK 694,939/year for the oxygenand SEK 1,829,813/year for the heat. The average cost for the species in the studyin a 40 tonne/year fish farm is calculated at SEK 8,900/year for the oxygen and SEK6,400/year for the heat in a land-based fish farm.