This exploratory study investigated the strategies that eight older New Zealanders use to enable participation in day-to-day occupations that they need or want to do, in their homes and the community. The types of strategies older people use to overcome barriers to participation and manage limitations are not widely known or reported. Exploring strategies for participation employed by older people is important because the majority of older New Zealanders live in the community and their numbers are growing, and projected to reach 25% of the total population by the year 2051 (Ministry of Health, 2002). New Zealand’s Positive Ageing Strategy (Minister for Senior Citizens, 2001), advocates for a society where people can age positively, where they are highly valued and their participation encouraged. The literature relating to occupation, participation and health was explored, and provided some evidence that older people are developing strategies and, with some education, are able to manage their own health conditions. The assumption underpinning this study is that they are equally able to manage strategies for participation, particularly those devised by older people themselves. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used. The participants were selected following a presentation to a group of older adults and snowball recruitment. They were aged between 73 and 98 years old and were receiving assistance to live in community, which was taken to indicate they had experienced some limitation in, or barrier to their everyday activities, in response to which they might have discovered or developed coping strategies. Interviews were conducted in the participants’ homes, and analysed using a general inductive approach. Four main categories emerged; strategies for keeping me safe, strategies for recruiting and accepting help, strategies for meeting biological needs, and strategies for conserving resources. Overarching themes of managing and getting on with it, sprinkled with a sense of humour by some participants was present in the attitudes of many participants. The study revealed that this group of older people can and do use strategies to enable occupation in their everyday lives, which differ from those recommended by occupational therapists and other health professionals. This finding suggests that health professionals, policy makers and educators have much to learn from older people. The provision of help to older adults should take into consideration the importance of social interactions, not just the physical needs. There is a need for transport to be more readily available and affordable for older people to attend occupations that meet social needs. Health professionals complement the strategies developed by older people, and finding ways to combine the strategies should be developed. Listening to older adults’ current ways of managing and working with them to develop alternate, yet acceptable methods will provide a challenge. Health professionals should take a greater role in advocating for the social and transport needs of older adults. A self-management approach in education for older people, using peers and making use of existing education groups in the community and health system, is suggested. Education of those who engage with older people, such as carers, family, health professionals and community groups should include developing their skills in assisting older people to identify their strategies and developing strategies for the future.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

No description available.

<p>Our study deals with the concept of regional trade blocs or open borders </p><p>(Nordic Region) and their impact on the Marketing Mix Strategies of the firm. The </p><p>purpose of our study is to analyze the regionalization concept as company point </p><p>of view and then its impact on the marketing mix strategies of a company </p><p>operating in Nordic Region. To get the appropriate data for this, we studied a </p><p>telecommunication company based in Norway and operating in Denmark and </p><p>Sweden as well. We adopted the inductive approach and case study method, </p><p>and our study is based on our research findings, on the basis of which we </p><p>developed our own model. The model discusses certain variables and factors </p><p>which influence the marketing mix decisions of the company. </p><p>The study results show that company felt the reality of open market and </p><p>trying to get the advantages of this opportunity by modifying or reorganizing its </p><p>marketing mix strategies according to the open market conditions. Innovation and </p><p>product development according to the customer demands in different markets </p><p>forced the company to take attention about their product line and product </p><p>components. Competition in local and regional market forced the company and </p><p>they based their price strategy on competition so competition became a driving </p><p>force for the company’s price strategy. Open borders gave a number of </p><p>alternatives to position the products and Telenor is using different distribution </p><p>channels which vary from market to market and country to country. Company </p><p>adopted trans-border strategy for the easiness of their end consumers and used </p><p>different brand names in different markets but with single logo at all.</p>

<p>The aim of the literature review was to describe how persons living with HIV experience their health-related quality of life, and which coping strategies they use. Scientific articles were searched in the databases Pubmed and Cinahl. The keywords used were HIV, nursing, health-related quality of life and coping. A total of 18 articles were included in the study. The main result of the literature review showed that persons living with HIV have lower health-related quality of life than healthy individuals. Variables that affected the health-related quality of life were gender, age, symptom experience, antiretroviral treatment, self-care/coping and circumstances of life. Use of both problem-oriented coping strategies and emotion-oriented coping strategies were identified in persons living with HIV. Problem-oriented coping strategies contained lifestyle changes, social support and knowledge. Emotion-oriented coping strategies contained spirituality and avoiding behavior. In conclusion, this literature review showed that it is important for the general nurse to understand the situation persons living with HIV are going through and provide support. This support should be individually accommodated, but could for example consist of education, social support,<strong> </strong>satisfying spiritual needs and encouraging lifestyle changes.</p>

<p>Amputation affects men and women of all ages, classes, races and religions. The patients’ reactions are, however, entirely unique. This is a literature study comprising fourteen scientific articles which make up the results. The psychosocial effects of amputation can be daunting and considering the mountain of literature on the subject, it is therefore necessary to start by explaining some of the research on stress, crisis, and coping. Brief descriptions of Lazarus’s and Cullberg’s work have been selected to represent a sample of existing theories which have grappled with these psychosocial concepts. The purpose of this study is to describe the various coping strategies utilized by patients who have undergone amputation. The results consist of seventeen coping strategies which are divided up into five theme groups (positive coping, avoidance coping, social support, maladaptive coping, and religion). Evidence is provided which describes how the various coping strategies can actually manifest themselves in reality as witnessed by amputee patients. In conclusion, amputees use various coping strategies at different stages of recovery to deal with the trauma of their loss; these strategies can be observed and identified in both clinical and out-patient settings.</p>

<p>The purpose of the study was to investigate levels of occupational stress experienced by police officers and the strategies used to cope with stress. The study findings are based on a sample of 104 police officers from six police stations within the Cape Town area. The results indicated that participants have been in the police service for an average of 7.72 years, and have worked an average of 4.8 years at their present stations. The majority of participants are between 26-30 years old (31%), male (75%), married(51%), coloured (65%), constables (45%), Afrikaans speaking (47%), and have a matric qualification (70%). The Spielberger Police Stress Survey and the Brief COPE Inventory were used as data collection tools. The findings indicated that police officers were experiencing moderate levels of stress as an outcome of inherent and organisational occupational demands. Secondly, police officers were more likely to use problem-focussed coping strategies to manage occupational stress than maladaptive strategies. The limited use of avoidance coping strategies was surprising, given the elevated prevalence of both physical and psychological disorders within the police context. The results indicated no significant association between levels of distress and avoidance coping strategies. The potential adverse outcomes of severe stress within this group affect&nbsp / society in general more than stress from most other occupational groups. Addressing persistent stress within the organisation is imperative in ensuring a well-functioning police service, and ultimately, a secure and healthy society.</p>

Abstract When Taiwanese ceramic tile industry invested in the Mainland China, they are facing the differences between cross-strait strategies. Shall the Taiwanese businessmen change their business management strategy? This is the subject of present study. The objectives of present study include the following: (1) to find out the knowledge of Taiwanese ceramic tile industry regarding the cross-strait strategies and to see if there¡¦s any differences among them, (2) to find out the effects of differences in cross-strait management strategy, This study includes only Taiwanese ceramic tile industry of KwangTong and Shanghai Districts and this is the main source of our sampling and information gathering. The scope of present study is limited to the differences between cross-strait strategies, emphasizing on the social and political aspects. The principal manageable variables are: 1. differences in cross-strait strategies, 2. business strategies of Taiwanese companies, 3. management strategies. Using the Taiwanese ceramic tile industry companies or factories who had investment in Mainland China, we study the effect of above independent variables and the interaction between them. methods used include: case study analysis, confidential analysis, main factor analysis. 1. There¡¦s significant effect for Taiwanese business on management strategies. 2. There¡¦s no significant effect for differences of cross-strait cultures on management strategies. Also the present study had presented four new kinds of business strategies, namely: 1. Hierarchy strategies: based on the hierarchy and rules. 2. Control strategies: based oneself-discipline and managerial intervention. 3. Freedom strategies: there¡¦s free style for management. The competitiveness is from productivity and innovation not low wages, or a valued currency. Key words : Business strategies, Taiwan company,managment

sonami AG is a company that is located in the Principality of Liechtenstein. It was founded in 2007. Since then it didn’t gain many customers and it is questionable how long the?company will be able to survive with having that few customers. In order to get rid of the current situation and to achieve a sustainable expansion strategy in the long run sonami asked us for help. The question thus is; how would an international expansion strategy look like. In order to answer this question a case study approach was used. Four successful micro companies were interviewed and asked about their international strategy and their recommendations for expanding abroad. In addition internationalization literature has been reviewed. Furthermore the concept of strategy, strategic planning and strategic management has been discussed.In the end a framework for sonami was developed. Different approaches, mixed with different recommendations and insights of the case studies were used to develop it. The result is that sonami has major problems internally, which should be solved before entering any international path. Our developed framework names several pre‐requisites that need to be fulfilled before moving on to the next step. We have tried to generate a deliberate strategy for sonami. We also recommended sonami to take advantage of opportunities given. This would however mean that sonami would then follow an emergent strategy.??

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