This study aimed to explore Chinese and Korean EFL learners? perceptions with regards to the use of listening strategies. The purpose is to learn whether Chinese and Korean students achieve academic listening comprehension through specific listening strategies. The data were collected from first and second year students currently studying abroad in the US. Although they are immersed in an English speaking environment, the use of listening strategies still affects their development of academic listening comprehension based on what they have learned in their home countries. For this reason, this study provides a corpus for understanding Chinese and Korean EFL students' listening behavior and what constrains their English listening comprehension. The research design is one hundred and sixty-six college level students from three public universities in Texas who completed web-based questionnaires. Skilled and less-skilled groups were differentiated according to their TOEFL listening scores. If the student had a score of more than 570, he/she was categorized into the skilled listeners group; below 570, they belonged to the less-skilled listeners group. In terms of the need for additional research on the different factors that affect developmental outcomes in L2 listening comprehension, the following research questions were investigated: 1) Is there a statistically significant relationship between the self-reported use of listening strategies and self-reported listening comprehension scores on the TOEFL? 2) Is there a difference between skilled and less-skilled non-native English speakers in the self-reported use of four categories of listening strategies (memory, cognitive, meta-cognitive, and socio-affective)? 3) What factors influence the use of self-reported listening strategies? The findings show that students in this sample tended to employ memory strategies as a means of achieving listening comprehension. In theory, cognitive and metacognitive strategies are more difficult than memory strategies, prompting a lack of sophisticated strategies for Chinese and Korean students. In addition, students? listening skills are not mature. The pedagogical implications of this study for EFL education are that teachers, while teaching listening, should be alert to spot such phenomena and, specifically, instruct students to reach listening maturity via cognitive and metacognitive strategies.

This study set out to examine the Taiwan college students¡¦ underlying knowledge of English relative clauses in attempt to see what the factor(s) is/are that constrain(s) the learners¡¦ language acquisition process, whether it is the universal factor, the native language, or human general problem solving skill. Three predictor hypotheses were used in this investigation: NAPH, PDH, and SOHH, which are motivated by different theoretical backgrounds. The NPAH is based on the typological markedness, the PDH is based on the notion of human limited capacity of short term memory, and SOHH the combination of NPAH and PDH, and the structural difficulty of relative clause. The data from 84 non-English major college students of NSYSU were elicited using three kinds of tasks: sentence combination test, Chinese-English translation test, and grammaticality judgment test. 12 types of English relative clauses were analyzed in this study, namely SS, SO, SIO, SOPREP, SGEN, SOCOMP, OS, OO,OIO, OOPREP,OGEN, OOCOMP. In addition, the learners¡¦ avoidance strategies were extensively analyzed to see what was actually avoided as they were engaged in the formation of English relative clauses. Implicationally, the results suggest that Universal Grammar may be still operative in the minds of the adult FL language learners. Overall, we have the following findings: 1.The learners¡¦ acquisition of relative clauses is largely constrained by the universal markedness by NPAH, except GEN, and the order between IO and OPREP. 2.The retention of pronoun is largely constrained by the linguistic universals of NPAH, but Chinese also has certain influence on the learners¡¦ choice of supplying resumptive pronoun. 3.The learners largely did experience more difficulty in center-embedded relative clauses, which matches PDH. 4.Largely, SOHH is a valid prediction of the learners¡¦ acquisition of relative clauses. 5.The learners tended to avoid relativization on the positions low on the NPAH, except GEN. 6.The learners did frequently avoid OCOMP relatives and center-embedded relative clauses.

In a modern democratic society, election has become the most common way in which people participate in politics. Moreover, voting is the presentation and consequences of people¡¦s opinions. Therefore, during the period of election, all the information people saw or heard through the mass media might influence people¡¦s decisions of their votes, their attitudes, and their behaviors. Along with the strengthening of Taiwan¡¦s democracy, the political cultures in Taiwan have been changing. Meanwhile, the interactions between politicians and mass media and the distributions of powers have been changing. The relationships between the political systems and the news media are multiple and complicated. The reporters, the elementary gate keeper, are certainly the first target the candidates want to influence. The various ways of influence, either ¡§threatening¡¨ or ¡§seduction¡¨, create ¡§pressure¡¨ on the reporters when they report news relevant to the election. Thus, the motivation and purposes of this study were to investigate the strategies the reporters employed when they encountered pressure. This study made use of questionnaires to collect data. This study surveyed the reporters in the big Kaohsiung area (Kaohsiung City and Kaohsiung County) to analyze ¡§the strategies the reporters employed when they encountered pressure.¡¨ This study recruited 113 valid questionnaires. The results show that when the reporters reported news relevant to the 2004 legislators¡¦ election, the pressure the reporters in the big Kaohsiung area received was lobbying, followed by advertisements and other stress related to profits. The pressure from the news office was also common. As a result, the attempts to influence news about the election were multiple. As for the pressure from the gangsters, it was rare; less than 10 percent of the subjects had ever received such pressure. As far as the strategies employed, a high percentage of the reporters in the big Kaohsiung area adopted the strategy ¡§compromise¡¨, followed by ¡§direct confrontation¡¨ and ¡§ignorance¡¨. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that ¡§compromise¡¨ was the most frequent strategy adopted by the reporters when they received pressure from the news office. This finding illustrates that the key influence on the reporters came from the controlling power of the media organizations. When it comes to the advertisements and other stress related to profits, the reporters usually employed the strategies ¡§compromise¡¨ and ¡§cooperation¡¨; the percentage reached 80%. Such an overwhelming percentage demonstrates the serious interference from the departments of advertisements and businesses in news reports.

Taiwan became the 144th member of the WTO on Jan. 1, 2002 and as a result, the customs on agricultural products were reduced year by year, the agricultural market was open to the world and subsidies to local farmers were cancelled. A wild development in Taiwanese agriculture was anticipated. The study aims to understand the relation between rural villages and agriculture in the development process as well as the current transformation problems by analyzing data and a case study. It tries to determine the orientation and direction of the agricultural policy in the related development process. The target and strategy of the agricultural policy in various developing stages were compared and it is hoped that the available proposals for the trend in free trade will be used as a references for companies and governmental authorities. The present agricultural problems are classified into three factors: agriculture, rural villages, and farmers. Its influence on land, labor, capital, and management are implicative of each other. The population in rural villages has dropped largely due to migration and farmers¡¦ incomes are low and many are aging. Rural and urban development in regions cannot be balanced. A breakthrough in development has to be made. However, agricultural specialties have to be planned based on the regional features; products that possess high economic value have to be promoted; farm management techniques must move from functional to strategic. Products can be made based on the needs of consumers. Agricultural management has to be professionalized. Supply and demand can be adjusted by market access mechanisms. Sustainability management can help achieve long term profits. Managing efficiency and product image are both key to successful marketing. By analyzing the success of kiwis imported from New Zealand, we know that the agriculture problem in Taiwan is not due to production technique but marketing. A national managing organization was established by the government of New Zealand for promoting their agricultural products to the world. It integrates the industry and culture and lifts product quality to a refined level. The marketing not only emphasizes brand, but also research and development of new products as well as its accessory products so that more business opportunities can be made. Increased innovative value-added products are linked with the international competitiveness of Taiwanese agricultural products. The crises can only be a transition and it is the time that we should bring agriculture management into a new age.

India-the ancient civilized nation of BRICs is rising gradually with its unlimited amazing potential and explosive force. According to the GDP computation from the World Bank 2005 report, Indian¡¦s economical scale amounts to 692 billion US dollars. This has ranked India the 10th biggest economy in the world. Toward the international enterprises, India is filled with the infinite business opportunities and has already become the spotlight in the global economy. In the past, Taiwan enterprises often put their focus on mainland China, and directly neglected this emerging market, India. On the contrary, the enterprises from Europe, America, Japan, Korea, and even China have entered India and also planned their layout positively one after another. However, Taiwan enterprise¡¦s footsteps are relatively slower. Although the economic interaction between Taiwan and India is not as much as other countries, India government has recognized that Taiwanese enterprises had played a great catalytic and accelerated role in the economic development process of mainland China. Moreover, the technical advantages and the market experiences from Taiwanese economy development are corresponding to the necessity of the economic development of India nowadays. Therefore, the cooperation between Taiwanese enterprises and India could achieve the complementary effect and the mutual benefit in India economy development. Also, Taiwan government has already established a Taiwan-India Cooperation Council in 2006.This platform would be an integrator for the bilateral interactions between India and Taiwan. Right now, under Taiwan government and NGO assistances, Taiwanese enterprises could fully elaborate the core competitions, the technical advantage and market experiences, and contend for the international stage. This research is based on exploring the study of international trade theories, international investment theories and international market entry strategies, then matching with the observation and the business visit of current India market. The following points of view are the conclusion from this research: 1. Further understanding of the economic development of India market. 2. Further understanding of the development of India states and industries. 3. Finding out the business opportunities for Taiwanese enterprises during India¡¦s economy development. 4. Finding out the available entry strategies for Taiwanese enterprises in India markets. Key words: Taiwanese enterprises, India market, entry strategies.

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E-mail is changing direct marketing. A rapidly maturing set of permission e-mail marketing technologies is profoundly impacting the way companies market to their customers. Lifelong learning will be essential for everyone as we move into the 21st century and it has to be made accessible to all. Education and training systems also must play an important role. As the world moves increasingly to knowledge-based economies and societies, the emphasis given to this goal is not only right, but also it must be reinforced. In this study, we¡¦ll discuss the current situation of educational training services applying permission e-mail marketing in Taiwan. Therefore, the paper provides a good direction for researchers in e-mail marketing. Furthermore, educational training services can apply e-mail marketing strategies easily and gain benefits from them.

In order to adapt with the rapidly changing industrial environment and improve the efficiency of management, enterprise needs to re-engineer their information system. The whole process of business reengineering is induced by motivation of reengineering. After that, enterprise needs to select a reengineering strategy and transform into the executive plan to start the rest part. The information system reengineering process follows the same pathway as process of business reengineering. The wrong strategy might lead the wrong execution, which cause failure of the whole reengineering. In this research, author tried to build a model to explain how reengineering motivation interacts with the choice of reengineering strategy, and verifies the model by real case chosen from Passive Component Electronic Industry. The outcome might be helpful for the enterprises whose information system reengineering is going to take place.

As we know that the process of visions, strategies, plans, actions, reviews and re-plans are essential to managing a company and strategies obviously are the main guideline of all. The product strategies in marketing are recognized as the starting point to various kinds of strategies in production, marketing, human resource, R&D, finance, information system and logistic¡Ketc. The distribution organization of Multi-Level Marketing companies (hereafter named ¡§MLM companies¡¨) is different from those of other industries because in addition to being a customer, the distributors are not only their sales representatives but also supervisors of the sales teams. Therefore, the characteristics of distribution organization must be particularly taken into account while MLM companies plan on their product strategies. If they know well about the characteristics, the products strategies can be successfully initiated and company goal can be easily achieved as a result. In this study the data was collected through questionnaires which focus on the following three main issues in order to compare the differences and similarities of consideration factors between MLM companies and distributors while MLM companies plan on their product strategies.

The rapid growth of World Wide Web has created a new platform for information exchange. Although WWW makes more data easily available, it has also created many problems such as information overload, disorientation, and reduced quality of data. In order to solve these problems, most current approaches primarily focused on information filtering and searching based on the technical perspective. Few researches have provided analytical results of the information acquisition behaviors over the Web. Based on the cognitive fit theory and task-technology fit (TTF) theory, this study proposes a comprehensive research model to describe the individual information acquisition strategies on the World Wide Web. To examine the research model, a laboratory experiment was performed on a group of 120 students. Sixteen task scenarios were designed and one prototype website was developed according to the specifications defined through the literature review and a pilot study. The research results show that both task structure and system characteristics have an impact upon individual information acquisition behaviors over the website. The experiment also confirms that subjects feel more satisfactions at adopting formal search and purposeful browsing strategies. The understanding effect of the research object is a function of scanning and purposeful browsing strategies. The interaction between task structure and system characteristics is also significant. These findings allow us to have a better understanding of information acquisitions behavior on the Web.