Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-172.pdf: 1914189 bytes, checksum: 908b00499aae197f0d2d2987dd3a8532 (MD5) / A sensibilização comportamental caracteriza-se pelo aumento progressivo e duradouro do efeito estimulante locomotor eliciado por drogas de abuso após o tratamento repetido em roedores. A base neurobiológica desse fenômeno parece intersectar com aquela da dependência química em humanos (sistema dopaminérgico mesolímbico). Assim, a sensibilização comportamental tem sido proposta por diferentes pesquisadores como um modelo fisiopatológico dependência química. Recentemente verificamos que a sensibilização comportamental pode se desenvolver de uma forma imediata. Nesse sentido, demonstramos que uma injeção indutora de anfetamina é capaz de potencializar o efeito estimulante locomotor produzido por uma injeção desafio da droga, administrada algumas horas após. Os objetivos gerais da presente Tese foram: 1-) caracterizar comportamental e neuroquimicamente o fenômeno de sensibilização imediata à anfetamina em camundongos, 2-) verificar se o fenômeno de sensibilização imediata também ocorre para outras drogas de abuso (cocaína, morfina e etanol) e 3-) verificar o possível desenvolvimento de sensibilização comportamental imediata cruzada entre anfetamina e cocaína, morfina ou etanol. Para tanto, utilizamos como paradigma experimental a atividade locomotora de camundongos em campo aberto. Verificamos o desenvolvimento de sensibilização imediata à anfetamina em vários parâmetros comportamentais analisados em campo aberto (locomoção, levantar e imobilidade), administrando 2 injeções desse psicoestimulante na dose de 2,5 mg/kg em um intervalo de 4 horas. Demonstramos que esse fenômeno não foi decorrente de um possível estresse promovido pela administração da primeira injeção de anfetamina (injeção indutora) ou de níveis residuais de droga. Além disso, uma maior ativação neuronal no núcleo accumbens foi observada em animais sensibilizados, na ausência de alterações neuroquímicas pré-sinápticas no estriado-accumbens, sugerindo o envolvimento de modificações pós-sinápticas no fenômeno de sensibilização imediata. A sensibilização comportamental imediata também se desenvolveu para a cocaína e a morfina, mas não para o etanol. Finalmente, a sensibilização imediata ocorreu também de forma cruzada entre anfetamina e as demais drogas de abuso, apresentando um caráter bidirecional, com exceção do etanol, cujo cruzamento ocorreu apenas quando a anfetamina foi administrada na indução do fenômeno, e o etanol na sua expressão. Esses resultados podem ter relevância para uma maior compreensão dos mecanismos relacionados ao padrão “binge” de abuso de drogas. / The behavioral sensitization phenomenon is characterized by a progressive and enduring enhancement of the locomotor stimulant effect of drugs of abuse following repeated treatment in rodents. This behavioral phenomenon seems to share the same neurobiological basis of drug dependence in humans and has been proposed as a pathophysiological animal model of drug dependence. Recently, we demonstrated an early-onset type of behavioral sensitization. Indeed, an “induction” injection of amphetamine potentiated the locomotor stimulant effect of a challenge injection of the drug, given some hours later. The aims of this Thesis were threefold: 1-) to behaviorally and neurochemically characterize the rapid-onset type of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine in mice, 2-) to verify if the rapid-onset type of behavioral sensitization would also occur to other drugs of abuse (cocaine, morphine and ethanol) and 3-) to investigate the possible development of rapid-onset cross-sensitization between amphetamine and cocaine, morphine or ethanol. Mice´s open-field locomotor activity was used as the experimental paradigm. We verified the development of the rapid-onset type of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine in the several behavioral parameters analyzed in the open-field (locomotion, rearing and immobility), by administering 2 injections of 2,5 mg/kg amphetamine, separated by a 4h interval. We demonstrated that this phenomenon was not a consequence of the stress induced by the priming injection of amphetamine and was not due to residual levels of the drug. Moreover, greater neuronal activation in the nucleus accumbens was observed in sensitized mice, in the absence of pré-synaptic neurochemical alterations in their striatum-accumbens, suggesting that postsynaptic adaptations may be involved. The rapid-onset behavioral sensitization also developed to cocaine and morphine, but not to ethanol. Finally, rapid-onset cross-sensitization occurred between amphetamine and the other drugs of abuse in a bidirectional way, except for ethanol. Within this aspect, cross-sensitization between amphetamine and ethanol only developed when amphetamine was administered during the induction of this phenomenon and ethanol in its expression. The present results may contribute to the comprehension of the mechanism involved in the binge pattern of drug abuse. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

O presente trabalho surge com o intuito de problematizar os Movimentos Occupy, iniciados em 2010 com a Primavera Árabe como um espaço de utopias, utilizando a psicanálise como método de interrogação do sujeito, onde analiso os movimentos de juventude no contemporâneo. Junto com esta problematização, faço uma reflexão sobre de que formas a própria psicanálise pode compor uma vocação utópica, enquanto ferramenta política, a partir de sua visão acerca do sujeito e da proposição de uma ética. Nele, proponho-me a analisar de que forma os regimes econômicos lapidaram as subjetividades e sua contrapartida a partir dos movimentos de ocupação que estão se dando nas ruas, pensando a rua como espaço simbólico de utopias enlaçado nesta mesma ética. / This paper appears in order to discuss the Occupy Movements, begun in 2010 with the Arab Spring, as a space of utopias using psychoanalysis as a method of interrogation of the subject and the youth movements in the contemporary. Along with this questioning, I reflect on the ways in which psychoanalysis comprises a utopian vocation as a political tool from a new sight over the subject and an ethical proposition. In it, I propose to examine how the economic regimes lapidated subjectivities and its counterpart from the Occupy movements that are taking place in the streets, thinking the street as a symbolic space of utopias ensnared in this ethic.

Thesis (BTech (Surface Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010 / The purpose of this research is to investigate whether street artists make statements about current socia-political affairs as a form of popular protest and whether those statements can be reflected in another design discipline. such as jewellery design. while reflecting upon the work of Faith47. a South African social commentator. Cultural studies has been referenced as a theoretical framework in relation to cultural sup-groups and. a historic context is provided in order to better understand the significance of social commentary in graffiti, a form of street art produced by social sub-qroup, and made during a period known as Apartheid and currently. in Post-Apartheid South Africa. A range of jewellery then emerged from the research. dealing with the aspects of social-political commentary. as an interpretation of a form of protest art and applied to wearable jewellery. The products incorporate word and images that are provocative and invite the viewer to question and reflect upon what in my view was a contentions and significant period in the history of South Africa.

Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / The development of solar roads to convert insolation on vast stretches of land to electrical energy, otherwise dedicated solely for transportation, is in its nascent stage. A great potential is seen for PV application with the maturing of solar road technology. Apart from increasing the versatility by smart utilization of land resources, widening the cover of renewable energy generation will lead to a sustainable, secure energy future. A stand-alone solar pathway for public park lighting or area lighting system, completely independent of the power grid, was designed and operated. Public lighting for 65 m stretch of walkway located next to the Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering Department building, was chosen as a case study in this study. The case study presented simplified method for sizing, performance evaluation and simulation of a stand-alone solar pathway to power public lighting on the Bellville Campus of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Depending on the requirements of the electrical, the quantity and quality of lighting, as well as the required duration of the lighting were calculated. Battery storage capacity, based on the desired autonomy period, and maximum and average daily depth of discharge, were sized. PV array size, based on the type and specifications of PV module, the time of year with the highest average daily lighting load and minimum solar radiation, were selected and measured. Control strategies for battery protection and lighting control conditions were determined, and the control set points were specified. The operating efficiency of solar pathway was evaluated and showed excellent performance compared to the expected with annual average value of the monthly performance ratio and system efficiency. A stand-alone solar pathway system was programmed using MATLAB, in order to size a PV system to the supply public lighting for the walkway. The computer program used, can be applied to any site with different weather conditions.

Orientador: Milton Terumitsu Sogabe / Banca: José Paiani Spaniol / Banca: Eduardo Cardoso Braga / Resumo: A Arte de Rua se tornou uma forte manifestação cultural ao longo dos últimos trinta anos, elaborando uma linguagem própria e se estabelecendo no mercado artístico. Contudo, o reconhecimento deste tipo de prática enquanto arte ainda é paradoxal, pois tange diversos pontos problemáticos nas relações sociais. A intervenção chega aos olhos do espectador sem pedir permissão, insere-se no contexto urbano quase que naturalmente, e em alguns casos chega a se camuflar como se já fosse parte da arquitetura. Seja qual for a sua base estética, a intervenção urbana alcança um vasto espectro de espectadores, mesmo que eles não queiram. O que se pretende nesta dissertação não é catalogar de forma cartesiana os diversos estilos encontrados nas ruas, mas sim refletir acerca desta prática, sobre seu funcionamento, seus desdobramentos, em uma leitura mais densa e tanto quanto possível objetiva / Abstract: Street Art became a strong cultural manifestation during the last thirty years, creating a personal language and establishing itself into the art market. However, recognizing this practice as an art form is still a paradox. The intervention comes to the viewer's eyes without permission, inserts itself almost naturally into the urban context, and in some cases camouflages as it was already part of the architecture. Whatever the aesthetic bases are, the urban intervention reaches a huge specter of viewers, even if they don't want to. What is intended in this work is not to catalogue the different styles found in the streets in a Cartesian way, but supply a denser and as possible objective reading about this practice and also reflect about hot it works and unfolds / Mestre

O presente trabalho surge com o intuito de problematizar os Movimentos Occupy, iniciados em 2010 com a Primavera Árabe como um espaço de utopias, utilizando a psicanálise como método de interrogação do sujeito, onde analiso os movimentos de juventude no contemporâneo. Junto com esta problematização, faço uma reflexão sobre de que formas a própria psicanálise pode compor uma vocação utópica, enquanto ferramenta política, a partir de sua visão acerca do sujeito e da proposição de uma ética. Nele, proponho-me a analisar de que forma os regimes econômicos lapidaram as subjetividades e sua contrapartida a partir dos movimentos de ocupação que estão se dando nas ruas, pensando a rua como espaço simbólico de utopias enlaçado nesta mesma ética. / This paper appears in order to discuss the Occupy Movements, begun in 2010 with the Arab Spring, as a space of utopias using psychoanalysis as a method of interrogation of the subject and the youth movements in the contemporary. Along with this questioning, I reflect on the ways in which psychoanalysis comprises a utopian vocation as a political tool from a new sight over the subject and an ethical proposition. In it, I propose to examine how the economic regimes lapidated subjectivities and its counterpart from the Occupy movements that are taking place in the streets, thinking the street as a symbolic space of utopias ensnared in this ethic.

Ambitionen med denna studie har varit att läsaren ska få en inblick i det våld som medföljer prostitution och att den överhängande risken för att utsättas för våld förekommer oavsett om kvinnan är verksam inom “off-street” eller “on-street” prostitution. Syftet har varit att utföra en jämförande studie av den utsatthet för våld av sexköpare som kvinnor verksamma i “off- street” respektive “on-street” prostitution upplever. Vidare användes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av svenska biografier om prostitution för att studera hur kvinnorna i prostitution beskrev sina möten med sexköpare. De huvudsakliga resultaten är att det råder skillnader i det våld som kvinnorna erfarit av sexköpare och hur de beskriver sina upplevelser. De rådande skillnaderna har berott på vilket verksamhetsområde kvinnan varit aktiv i. Utifrån biografierna framkom det att kvinnorna verksamma ”off-street” hade ett sexuellt självskadebeteende, att det kunde urskiljas en normaliseringsprocess av det upplevda våldet samt att kvinnorna inom ”on-street” har en ökad risk för att utsättas för viktimisering enligt livsstilsteorin. Slutsatserna i denna studie är att de teoretiska utgångspunkterna har en betydande roll gällande vilken form av våld kvinnorna får erfara av sexköpare. / The aim of this study was to provide the reader with an insight into the violence that accompanies prostitution and that the imminent risk of violence is present regardless of whether the woman is active in “off-street” or “on-street” prostitution. The purpose has been to carry out a comparative study of the vulnerability to violence by sex buyers that women in “off-street” and “on-street” prostitution experience. In addition, a qualitative content analysis of Swedish biographies on prostitution was used to study how women in prostitution described their meetings with sex buyers. The main results are that there are differences in the violence that women experience from sex buyers and how they describe their experiences. These differences depended on whether the women were active in “off-street” or “on-street” prostitution. Based on the biographies, it was found that the women in “off-street” had a sexual self-harm, that a normalization process of the experienced violence could be distinguished and that women active “on-street” have an increased risk of being victimized according to the lifestyle theory. The conclusions of this study are that the theoretical aspects have a significant role in what kind of violence women in prostitution experience from sex buyers.

O presente trabalho surge com o intuito de problematizar os Movimentos Occupy, iniciados em 2010 com a Primavera Árabe como um espaço de utopias, utilizando a psicanálise como método de interrogação do sujeito, onde analiso os movimentos de juventude no contemporâneo. Junto com esta problematização, faço uma reflexão sobre de que formas a própria psicanálise pode compor uma vocação utópica, enquanto ferramenta política, a partir de sua visão acerca do sujeito e da proposição de uma ética. Nele, proponho-me a analisar de que forma os regimes econômicos lapidaram as subjetividades e sua contrapartida a partir dos movimentos de ocupação que estão se dando nas ruas, pensando a rua como espaço simbólico de utopias enlaçado nesta mesma ética. / This paper appears in order to discuss the Occupy Movements, begun in 2010 with the Arab Spring, as a space of utopias using psychoanalysis as a method of interrogation of the subject and the youth movements in the contemporary. Along with this questioning, I reflect on the ways in which psychoanalysis comprises a utopian vocation as a political tool from a new sight over the subject and an ethical proposition. In it, I propose to examine how the economic regimes lapidated subjectivities and its counterpart from the Occupy movements that are taking place in the streets, thinking the street as a symbolic space of utopias ensnared in this ethic.

This study theorises and conceptualises place as an object of consumption, formed, shaped, and affected through practices. The study problematizes place treatments in extant managerial sciences and its contextual interpretations within consumption. It draws from a range of disciplinary inspirations from management studies, social sciences, philosophical, and phenomenological musings to empirically interrogate place construct using ethnography, in itself understood as placemaking practice. It analyses and interprets place through the lens of practice theories and non-representational methods to conceptualise place in consumption, and critically revisits its ontological hierarchy vis-à-vis space. The study delivers several methodological, theoretical, and axiological contributions. It uses an adapted form of historical street ethnography to interrogate place, imbuing it with a critical reflexive standpoint, and positions a revitalised and reinvigorated street ethnography as a critical reflexive epistemic tool of knowledge production in the analytical transitions from phenomenological to post-phenomenological narratives. The study’s theoretical, discipline-specific contributions arise from synchronous examinations of place, consumption, practice, and non-representations. It empirically validates heuristics of non-representation and practices in contextually examining place in consumption, appreciates genomic qualities of practices brigaded through universality of human experiences as pools of actions and competencies articulating consumption, and contemplates place as a processual, aspatial, fluid entity grasped beyond marketplace logic through practices. It expands understandings of marketplace, setting, structure, and actor, and invites attention to the liquefied, flowing nature of market and consumption through place plasticity and path-dependent practices. It emphasises the illocutionary force of place as object of consumption shaped through and in each moment of practice. The study empirically validates the reenchanted ontology of place, resituating it as the universal supreme abstract with space and time as component, co-constitutive elements, thus resituating extant place-space hierarchy. The study’s axiological and managerial contributions highlight mutability of practices in shaping place beyond marketplace logic in its many forms and settings, valorise everyday activities in shaping marketplace, illuminate the role of public, civic, and communal spaces and their contributions in the transition from market economy to marketized society not captured by marketplace discourses, and invite practice and non-representations into depictions of place marketing and consumption.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This thesis seeks to examine the making of official policies on street trading in Cape Town’s city centre and the impact of such policies. It covers an extensive period from colonial times to the Union era and from apartheid to democracy. The local government and its role in controlling the trade is the centre of focus but the thesis also explores how the oral testimonies of street traders in the city centre contribute to our understanding of the activity as well as the impact of policy. This thesis poses several questions. What influences policy? What is the impact of policy? Are there continuities or discontinuities in policy? How does one understand street trading and the impact of policy from the perspectives of street traders themselves? Given that there are significant studies of street trading in other municipalities, how does a history of street trading in Cape Town compare? Is there anything distinctive about Cape Town?` Several factors have influenced policy. These have been similar to other local authorities. These have been the desire to raise revenue for the city, to protect the interest of established businesses who feared competition from street traders, the city’s desire to maintain a clean, beautiful and orderly city, as well as traffic and sanitation considerations. Like other local authorities, strategies have included: issuing licenses to street traders and the development and implementation of street trading regulations which either restricted or prohibited street trading. In contrast to studies of other cities, this thesis explores the practice of registration as a measure of control which nonetheless confers rights. This thesis marks the 1980s as representing a decisive shift in policy from one characterized by the prosecution of street traders to a more sympathetic and supportive approach towards street traders. The post-apartheid context saw significant changes in policy motivated by the desire to seek solutions to unemployment and poverty alleviation. Thus permanent stands for street traders in the city centre have been provided, traders have been involved in decision making and power has been devolved to associations. The latter practice has been significant in Cape Town. This thesis has also found that out of the major South African cities, Cape Town comes after Johannesburg in having progressive street trader policies. This measure of progressive is seen in the number of street traders, in the provision of infrastructure such as stands and the encouragement of the sector. While the Cape Town city council has a developmental continuum plan which sees street trading leading to formal businesses, it has yet to put resources to further this. Oral histories have been particularly useful in highlighting that street trading is not only the occupation of the urban poor. This thesis highlights individuals with skills and education and who see the sector as bearing many advantages. The thesis points to the sector as being differentiated. Further, the distinction between the formal and informal gets blurred in the contemporary era. This thesis highlights the hereditary nature of street trading in Cape Town thus challenging ideas of street trading as a transitory occupation. With regard to policy, interviews highlighted the negative impact of policy during apartheid. While traders see the advantages of the democratic era, they nonetheless argue too that the encouragement of the sector has seen an increase in the number of street traders but no significant increase in a customer base. There is thus some nostalgia for the pre-1994 years. This study has allowed one to track continuity and discontinuity and to explore the idea of a progressive policy and to make comparisons with other cities drawing from official and oral sources.