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O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os determinantes de consumo de peixe na população que freqüenta feiras livres do município de Santo André, SP. Foram entrevistadas 482 pessoas em 49 feiras-livres. Aplicou-se um questionário constituído de questões abertas, semi abertas e fechadas destinadas a identificação e avaliação das características sócio-econômicas, fatores que facilitam e dificultam o consumo de peixe e os aspectos considerados para avaliar o frescor do produto. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados e posteriormente foram aplicados testes para verificar associação e linearidade entre as variáveis com o consumo, com nível de significância de 5%. Os fatores que facilitam o consumo de peixe foram: renda, escolaridade completa, forma de apresentação do produto, aquisição em feiras livres, sabor, aparência, firmeza da carne e presença de crianças na família. Já os fatores que limitam o consumo foram: preço e espinhos. A perecibilidade, odor, etnia, proximidade dos pontos de venda da residência e do trabalho, sexo, idade, número de pessoas no lar e aquisição em supermercado não foram características que influenciaram a decisão de compra e consumo de peixe. Os aspectos considerados para avaliar o frescor do peixe foram predominantemente visuais. / The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of fish consumption in the population that frequents the street markets of the Santo André municipality, State of São Paulo, by interviewing a total of 482 persons in 49 markets. A questionnaire constituted of open, semi-open and closed questions was applied in order to identify and evaluate the socio-economic characteristics of the population, factors that make easy or difficult the fish consumption, and the aspects considered for the evaluation of the freshness of the products. Descriptive analysis of the data was carried out and subsequently statistical tests were applied to check the existence of association and linearity between the variables and the consumption, using a level of significance of 5 %. The factors that make easy the consumption of fish were: income, complete schooling, and presentation of the product, acquisition in free markets, taste, appearance, firmness of the flesh, and the presence of children in the families. On the other side, the factors that limit the consumption were the price and the fish thorns. The fact of being easily perishable, odor, ethnic, proximity of the points of sale from the residence and of the work, sex, age, number of persons in the home, and acquisition in supermarkets were not characteristics influencing the decision of purchase and consumption of fish. The aspects considered to evaluate the freshness of the fish were predominantly visual.

Grounded in fieldwork within a civil association of street vendors in Mexico City, my research interweaves ethnographic and historical approaches to better understand the ways people read and interpret each other in everyday encounters. The study explores representations of street markets in Mexico City’s dominant discourses. Using field methods such as participant observation, filmmaking and street photography, I outline the benefits and difficulties implicated in the assemblage of a periodic market in public spaces. I also trace the trajectories of street market participants in order to understand the role and significance of street markets in their everyday lives and existence in the city. I use the notion of ‘trajectories’ proposed by Massey to define street markets as places of encounters. Following daylight and the daily rhythm of the market, I relate social interactions with the nuances of living in the city. By exploring methods of verbal and non-verbal communication in social interactions in the street market such as dar vista and tantear, I examine the kind of socialities that emerge from these encounters. These practices of communication also allow people to formulate social critiques about the ways of living and socialising in a megacity. Finally, the website that accompanies the thesis, www.diadetianguis.org, is grounded in the idea of trajectories. It aims to explore non-linear modes of ethnographic representation that can enhance and interrelate different ways of approaching and interpreting ethnographic data through a variety of means, such as audiovisual media, mapping and hypermedia. I recommend that one reads the thesis along with the hyperlinks given in particular sections, as a means to encourage the reader to make her own way to explore the website and remaining chapters. The website is also available in the complementary DVD entitled ‘www.diadetianguis.org’. To access the home page, please open the DVD and click on the file: tianguis/index.html. Clicking on this file will open the web browser and allow for navigating the website offline.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os determinantes de consumo de peixe na população que freqüenta feiras livres do município de Santo André, SP. Foram entrevistadas 482 pessoas em 49 feiras-livres. Aplicou-se um questionário constituído de questões abertas, semi abertas e fechadas destinadas a identificação e avaliação das características sócio-econômicas, fatores que facilitam e dificultam o consumo de peixe e os aspectos considerados para avaliar o frescor do produto. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados e posteriormente foram aplicados testes para verificar associação e linearidade entre as variáveis com o consumo, com nível de significância de 5%. Os fatores que facilitam o consumo de peixe foram: renda, escolaridade completa, forma de apresentação do produto, aquisição em feiras livres, sabor, aparência, firmeza da carne e presença de crianças na família. Já os fatores que limitam o consumo foram: preço e espinhos. A perecibilidade, odor, etnia, proximidade dos pontos de venda da residência e do trabalho, sexo, idade, número de pessoas no lar e aquisição em supermercado não foram características que influenciaram a decisão de compra e consumo de peixe. Os aspectos considerados para avaliar o frescor do peixe foram predominantemente visuais. / The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of fish consumption in the population that frequents the street markets of the Santo André municipality, State of São Paulo, by interviewing a total of 482 persons in 49 markets. A questionnaire constituted of open, semi-open and closed questions was applied in order to identify and evaluate the socio-economic characteristics of the population, factors that make easy or difficult the fish consumption, and the aspects considered for the evaluation of the freshness of the products. Descriptive analysis of the data was carried out and subsequently statistical tests were applied to check the existence of association and linearity between the variables and the consumption, using a level of significance of 5 %. The factors that make easy the consumption of fish were: income, complete schooling, and presentation of the product, acquisition in free markets, taste, appearance, firmness of the flesh, and the presence of children in the families. On the other side, the factors that limit the consumption were the price and the fish thorns. The fact of being easily perishable, odor, ethnic, proximity of the points of sale from the residence and of the work, sex, age, number of persons in the home, and acquisition in supermarkets were not characteristics influencing the decision of purchase and consumption of fish. The aspects considered to evaluate the freshness of the fish were predominantly visual.

In the municipal kitchens of Gothenburg, the implementation of the Gothenburg Model for reduced food waste has resulted in reducing the food waste by half in two years. The objective of this study is to contribute in the work of food waste prevention at the street markets in São Paulo by investigating how a model like the Gothenburg Model could be created and implemented. The study has mainly been carried out through a field study on a selection of street markets in São Paulo by performing observations, interviews and estimations of the food waste quantities. The findings of the study are that a model alike the Gothenburg Model could be of relevance at the street markets. It was found that both the model as a tool and as a process could be of use, with the phase of motivating and training the workers having special importance. The social responsibility felt by the vendors has been identified as a great opportunity to present not only donation but also food waste prevention as a social issue. The heterogeneity between the different market stalls and the lack of management on each market presents a challenge in the development and implementation of a tool. Further work should therefore be done to find solutions applicable to the various vendors and to investigate the eventual existence of natural leaders. / I Göteborgs kommunala kök har införandet av Göteborgsmodellen för reducerat matavfall resulterat i att matsvinnet halveras på två år. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra till arbetet med förebyggande av matsvinn på gatumarknaderna i São Paulo genom att undersöka hur en modell som Göteborgsmodellen skulle kunde skapas och införas på plats. Studien har huvudsakligen genomförts genom en fältstudie på ett antal gatumarknader i São Paulo genom att utföra observationer, intervjuer och uppskattningar av matsvinnsmängderna. Resultatet av studien är att en modell lik Göteborgsmodellen skulle kunna vara relevant på gatumarknaderna. Man fann att både modellen som verktyg och som process skulle kunna användas, med särskild betydelse i motivering och träning av försäljarna. Det sociala ansvaret som leverantörerna känner har identifierats som en utmärkt möjlighet att presentera inte bara donation utan även förebyggande av matsvinn som en social fråga. Heterogeniteten mellan de olika marknadsstånden och bristen på ledning på varje enskild marknad utgör en utmaning när det gäller utveckling och implementering av ett verktyg. Ytterligare arbete bör därför göras för att hitta lösningar relevanta för de olika försäljarna och för att undersöka den eventuella förekomsten av naturliga ledare.

Esta tese investiga o cotidiano urbano e as formas da vida social que configuram a cidade moderno-contemporânea através das feições do tempo presentes nas práticas de compra e venda de alimentos nos mercados de rua e feiras-livres. A pesquisa etnográfica foi desenvolvida em mercados de rua e feiras-livres das cidades de Porto Alegre e São Paulo no Brasil, e Paris, na França. Trata-se de refletir sobre os simbolismos da circulação do alimento figurados na circulação da palavra, nas forma de sociabilidades e na memória da duração das práticas cotidianas que se desenrolam nas ruas e bairros da cidade, relacionadas ao alimento. Através da pesquisa com imagens – de acervo ou produzidas em campo – este trabalho procurou acessar as forma sensíveis da vida cotidiana, bem como a dimensão poética do viver urbano. / This thesis approaches the urban everyday life and the forms of social life that configure the city modern-contemporary through the images of time represented in the daily practices to purchase and sell foods in street markets and fairs. The ethnographic research was developed in street markets and food fairs of Porto Alegre and São Paulo, Brazil, and Paris, rance. It’s a reflection about the symbolisms of the circulation of food represented in the circulation of the conversation practices, in the forms of sociabilities and in the collective memory of daily practices related to the food. This works presents, through images and sounds, the sensiti ve forms of everyday life and the urban poetics.

Esta tese investiga o cotidiano urbano e as formas da vida social que configuram a cidade moderno-contemporânea através das feições do tempo presentes nas práticas de compra e venda de alimentos nos mercados de rua e feiras-livres. A pesquisa etnográfica foi desenvolvida em mercados de rua e feiras-livres das cidades de Porto Alegre e São Paulo no Brasil, e Paris, na França. Trata-se de refletir sobre os simbolismos da circulação do alimento figurados na circulação da palavra, nas forma de sociabilidades e na memória da duração das práticas cotidianas que se desenrolam nas ruas e bairros da cidade, relacionadas ao alimento. Através da pesquisa com imagens – de acervo ou produzidas em campo – este trabalho procurou acessar as forma sensíveis da vida cotidiana, bem como a dimensão poética do viver urbano. / This thesis approaches the urban everyday life and the forms of social life that configure the city modern-contemporary through the images of time represented in the daily practices to purchase and sell foods in street markets and fairs. The ethnographic research was developed in street markets and food fairs of Porto Alegre and São Paulo, Brazil, and Paris, rance. It’s a reflection about the symbolisms of the circulation of food represented in the circulation of the conversation practices, in the forms of sociabilities and in the collective memory of daily practices related to the food. This works presents, through images and sounds, the sensiti ve forms of everyday life and the urban poetics.

Esta tese investiga o cotidiano urbano e as formas da vida social que configuram a cidade moderno-contemporânea através das feições do tempo presentes nas práticas de compra e venda de alimentos nos mercados de rua e feiras-livres. A pesquisa etnográfica foi desenvolvida em mercados de rua e feiras-livres das cidades de Porto Alegre e São Paulo no Brasil, e Paris, na França. Trata-se de refletir sobre os simbolismos da circulação do alimento figurados na circulação da palavra, nas forma de sociabilidades e na memória da duração das práticas cotidianas que se desenrolam nas ruas e bairros da cidade, relacionadas ao alimento. Através da pesquisa com imagens – de acervo ou produzidas em campo – este trabalho procurou acessar as forma sensíveis da vida cotidiana, bem como a dimensão poética do viver urbano. / This thesis approaches the urban everyday life and the forms of social life that configure the city modern-contemporary through the images of time represented in the daily practices to purchase and sell foods in street markets and fairs. The ethnographic research was developed in street markets and food fairs of Porto Alegre and São Paulo, Brazil, and Paris, rance. It’s a reflection about the symbolisms of the circulation of food represented in the circulation of the conversation practices, in the forms of sociabilities and in the collective memory of daily practices related to the food. This works presents, through images and sounds, the sensiti ve forms of everyday life and the urban poetics.