Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Monica Cox de Britto Pereira-parte1.pdf: 7626278 bytes, checksum: 56d5da973f4636c49eab7a5bd7ebdcae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The research dealt with conflicts that occurred in S?o Jo?o River Valley on public lands disappropriated by INCRA to Biological Reserve of Po?o das Antas. We tried to understand them bringing into focus land conflicts, occupations and camps in the surrounding of Reserve at 1990. The thesis aims to show how, after sanitation work at 1980, some areas were invaded by farmers as well as rural workers required agrarian reform in those public lands. Biological Reserve began to dispute adjoining areas in order to enlargement and moved judicial actions against rural settlements. Along those conflicts, an environmental conception that considers man action as an external factor and nature as untouchable earned force of law and conflicted with land work right claimed by means of collective occupation. The thesis intends to show either the limits of State dialogue with workers organizations or conflicts resolutions between State agencies and at public politics conduction to rural settlements and to Biological Reserve. We tried to show that neither environmental question nor agrarian question can be understood isolated, they may be inter-related. / A pesquisa enfoca os conflitos que surgiram no Vale do Rio S?o Jo?o fluminense, em terras p?blicas desapropriadas pelo INCRA para cria??o da Reserva Biol?gica Po?o das Antas. Procura-se entend?-los a partir dos conflitos por terra e das ocupa??es e acampamentos no entorno da Reserva nos anos 1990. A tese procura mostrar como, ap?s obras de saneamento na d?cada de 1980, algumas ?reas foram griladas por fazendeiros, ao mesmo tempo em que trabalhadores rurais demandaram a reforma agr?ria nessas terras que eram p?blicas. A Reserva Biol?gica passou tamb?m a disputar ?reas cont?guas a seus limites originais para sua amplia??o e moveu a??es judiciais contra assentamentos no seu entorno. Ao longo desses conflitos, revelou-se, com for?a de lei, uma concep??o ambiental que v? a a??o do homem como fator externo ao ambiente e a natureza como intocada, passando a se antagonizar com o direito ao trabalho na terra demandado por meio de ocupa??o coletiva. A tese procura mostrar os limites existentes quer no di?logo do Estado com as organiza??es porta-vozes dos trabalhadores, quer na resolu??o dos conflitos entre as inst?ncias estatais e na condu??o das pol?ticas p?blicas para os assentamentos rurais e para a Reserva Biol?gica. Procura-se mostrar que nem a quest?o ambiental nem a quest?o agr?ria podem ser entendidas isoladamente e que elas necessitam ser inter-relacionadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006- Cesar Augusto Da Ros.pdf: 8517371 bytes, checksum: 2a0778913577d99b72967c390d056a45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This paper analyzes the dynamics of implementation of the agrarian policies in Rio Grande do Sul from 1999 to 2002. In this period the simultaneous presence of two distinctive governmental strategies for the widening of the access to land in this State was observed. The first strategy was led by the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB) and focused on two lines of action: a) the policy of the settlements implemented by the Regional Superintendency of INCRA; b) the agrarian credit program from the Land Bank (Banco da Terra), implemented by the Regional Delegation of MDA. The second strategy was led by the government of Ol?vio Dutra and it purposed at implementing a state policy of settlements and resettlements and at assisting claims from several kinds of public. The emphasis of the analyses carried out throughout this thesis is placed on the attempt to understand the dynamics of the actions developed within the scope of the federal and state government agrarian policies and of the relationships between both governments and the main social agents present on the field of agrarian conflicts. In this sense, the different governmental strategies are analyzed in an articulate way with the political struggle between social agents about the gaucho agrarian issue. On a first moment, the paper presents a comprehensive historical panel on the complexity and heterogeneity of the agrarian problems that arose in the state, highlighting their connection to the rise of the social agents participating in the political struggle within the field of agrarian conflicts. On a second moment, the paper seeks to analyze the internalization of the agrarian conflicts within the scope of the governments (federal and state) and of the state authorities responsible for the implementation of agrarian policies, in a more recent historical background. In this sense the paper shows that the tensions produced by the political struggle between the social agents caused direct repercussions on the character of the adopted agrarian policies, as well as on its rate, extension and on the definition of the instruments used. The way in which the governments of Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Ol?vio Dutra diagnosed the nature of the agrarian problem and its possible solutions was intimately related with the nature of their political projects and with the composition of the social forces which supported their mandates. The comparison of their general agenda on agrarian policies with the results obtained in this period confirms that perception. / Este trabalho analisa a din?mica de implementa??o das pol?ticas agr?rias no Rio Grande do Sul durante os anos de 1999 a 2002. Neste per?odo observou-se a presen?a simult?nea de duas estrat?gias governamentais distintas para a amplia??o do acesso a terra no estado. A primeira delas foi conduzida pelo governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB) e se concentrou em duas linhas de atua??o: a) a pol?tica de assentamentos implementada pela Superintend?ncia Regional do INCRA; b) o programa de cr?dito fundi?rio o Banco da Terra, implementado pela Delegacia Regional do MDA. A segunda foi conduzida pelo governo Ol?vio Dutra e se objetivou na implementa??o de uma pol?tica estadual de assentamentos e reassentamentos, al?m de ter concentrado as suas a??es no atendimento das reivindica??es de diversos tipos de p?blico. A ?nfase das an?lises realizadas ao longo desta tese centra-se na tentativa de compreender a din?mica das a??es desenvolvidas no ?mbito das pol?ticas agr?rias dos governos federal e estadual e das rela??es de ambos com os principais agentes sociais presentes no campo dos conflitos agr?rios. Neste sentido, as diferentes estrat?gias governamentais s?o analisadas de forma articulada ? luta pol?tica travada entre os agentes sociais em torno da quest?o agr?ria ga?cha. Num primeiro momento, o trabalho apresenta um painel hist?rico abrangente sobre a complexidade e heterogeneidade dos problemas fundi?rios que se constitu?ram no estado, evidenciando a sua conex?o com a emerg?ncia dos agentes sociais que participam das lutas pol?ticas no interior do campo dos conflitos agr?rios. Num segundo momento, o trabalho procura analisar a internaliza??o dos conflitos fundi?rios no ?mbito dos governos (federal e estadual) e das inst?ncias estatais respons?veis pela implementa??o das pol?ticas agr?rias, numa conjuntura hist?rica mais recente. Nesta dire??o o trabalho demonstra que as tens?es produzidas pela luta pol?tica travada entre os agentes sociais repercutiram diretamente no car?ter das pol?ticas agr?rias adotadas, assim como, no seu ritmo, extens?o e na defini??o dos instrumentos utilizados. O modo pelo qual os governos Fernando Henrique Cardoso e Ol?vio Dutra diagnosticaram a natureza do problema agr?rio e, as suas poss?veis solu??es, estavam intimamente relacionados ? natureza dos seus projetos pol?ticos e ? composi??o das for?as sociais que deram sustenta??o aos seus mandatos. O cotejamento das diretrizes gerais das suas pol?ticas agr?rias e dos resultados alcan?ados no per?odo confirma essa percep??o.

Esta tese busca analisar a partir do arcabouço teórico da luta de classes e da acumulação original de capital como um processo contínuo o avanço do capital sobre a fração do campesinato brasileiro e argentino que tem terras de uso comum. Para tanto a pesquisa traz as análises a partir das comunidades camponesas faxinalenses, situadas no estado do Paraná e em comunidades camponesas que tem terras em uso comum no norte da província de Córdoba, na Argentina. Para obter os dados necessários para a pesquisa foram realizados trabalhos de campo para conhecer a realidade, entrevistar camponeses e apreender sobre os conflitos e resistências destes mesmos camponeses frente a seus antagonistas. Entendendo que a luta de classes é uma das maneiras como o modo de produção funciona, então fazemos um resgate de teóricos marxistas que pesquisaram sobre o campesinato, muitos dos quais tem uma parte considerável de seu trabalho apenas na língua inglesa. Compreendendo que uma das motivações do avanço do modo de produção capitalista sobre as terras de uso comum é a crise de sobreacumulação de capital, uma análise tanto dos escritos de Marx acerca da acumulação original como de outros intelectuais que defendem que a mesma é contínua foi realizada. Isto tudo funciona contraditoriamente dentro do próprio capitalismo, com a acumulação origal de capital e a recriação do campesinato caminhando em conflito. A resistência camponesa frente a este avanço é apresentada e analisada ao longo de toda a tese, mostrando o quadro que se encontra o campesinato sulamericano. / This thesis seeks to analyze from the theoretical framework of the class struggle and the original accumulation of capital as a continuous process the advance of capital over the fraction of the Brazilian and Argentine peasantry that has lands of common use. In order to do so, the analysis brings the analyzes from the faxinalense peasant communities located in the state of Paraná and in peasant communities that have lands in common use in the north of the province of Cordoba, Argentina. In order to obtain the necessary data for the research, fieldwork was carried out to know the reality, to interview peasants and to learn about the conflicts and resistances of these same peasants in front of their antagonists. Understanding that class struggle is one of the ways the mode of production works, then we rescue Marxist theorists who have researched the peasantry, many of whom have a considerable share of their work in the english language alone. Understanding that one of the motivations for advancing the capitalist mode of production over land in common use is the crisis of overaccumulation of capital, an analysis of both Marx\'s writings on original accumulation and other intellectuals who claim that it is continuous has been carried out . This all works contradictorily within capitalism itself, with the original accumulation of capital and the re-creation of the peasantry in conflict. The peasant resistance to this advance is presented and analyzed throughout the entire thesis, showing the picture of the South American peasantry.

The present knowledge of factors associated with older adults’ physical activity behaviour is limited. Therefore, this study trialled an innovative physical activity program for older adults, investigating effective recruitment and retention strategies, and exploring the adults’ perceptions of physical activity. A total of 573 subjects were recruited into the quasi-randomised controlled trial, located in 30 intervention and 30 control neighbourhoods in the Perth metropolitan area. The initial response rate was 74% (260/352) in the intervention group and 82% (313/382) in the control group. Self-reported questionnaires administered at three time points (baseline, 3-months, 6-months) measured physical activity levels, personal and demographic information, including perception of financial struggle, proximity to friends, and other psychosocial data. Descriptive statistics, repeated measure analysis of variance, logistic regression and generalised estimating equations were used in the analysis. Qualitative data on the participants’ perceptions of physical activity were collected through one-on-one interviews (n=16). The results showed that: 1. This cost-effective recruitment procedure facilitated the selection of a reasonably representative sample of 65 to 74 year olds from the Perth metropolitan area. Names of 7378 older adults were obtained from the Federal Electoral Roll, then 6401 potential subjects were matched to telephone numbers and phoned with subjects meeting the screening criteria invited to join the program (n = 4209). From this sample, 573 subjects were recruited. More females (63%) than males (37%) were recruited. / The study attracted a greater proportion of ‘obese’ older adults (27%) relative to state averages. 2. Over the intervention period there was a significant increase in participants’ total physical activity of 2.25 hours per week (p >.001). The General Estimating Equation analysis confirmed significant increase in physical activity from baseline to midpoint (p=.002) and to post intervention (p=.0031). Perceptions of financial struggle (p=.020) were positively correlated with physical activity time spent by participants, whereas having friends or acquaintances living nearby (p=.037) had a significant negative correlation with physical activity time. 3. At the end of the intervention, 32% of the intervention group and 25% of the control group had dropped out, resulting in an overall drop out rate of 28%. Most of the attrition occurred in the first 3 months (77%). Characteristics of individuals lost to attrition (n=86, 35%) were compared with program completers (n=162, 65%). Logistic regression analysis showed that those lost to attrition came from areas of lower socio-economic status, were overweight, were less physically active, and had a lower walking self-efficacy score and a higher loneliness score. The results suggest that to improve retention and to avoid potential bias, early assessment of these characteristics should be undertaken to identify individuals at risk of attrition. 4. Based on the finding of this research, future intervention studies should consider: the role of tertiary students as a skilled resource; the use of volunteers to contain costs; the importance of a tailored program; the appropriateness of walking as a form of physical activity for this age group; the enjoyment associated with a walking group; and the usefulness of social support. / This practical program is potentially effective and sustainable for mobilizing physically inactive older people. 5. Qualitative research highlighted the need for older adults to receive more specific information on: the benefits of physical activity; the role of pain management in physical activity; and the concept that involvement in physical activity in younger years leads to involvement when older. The older adults also expressed a desire to engage in less age appropriate activities. These results suggest that the intervention was successful in recruiting older adults into and retaining them in the intervention, documenting a need for early identification of individuals at risk of attrition. The program significantly increased the participants’ weekly mean time for physical activity and identified factors that affect their commitment to physical activity programs. This program was practical and could be used as a model for physical activity programs aimed at older adults.

I den här uppsatsen analyserar jag protagonisten Jean-Baptiste Clamences moraliska utveckling i Albert Camus’ roman Fallet. Jag använder A.J. Greimas aktantmodell och dennes utveckling av Vladimir Propps funktionsanalys för att nå mitt syfte. Jag föreslår även en kombination av de båda teorierna till ett schema, aktantfunktionsschemat, som jag använder för att tolka Clamences moraliska utveckling. Genom aktant-funktionsanalysen visar det sig hur Clamence gradvis djupnar och växer fast i sitt fall och sin skuld. Han söker den moraliska oskuld som flytt men inser till slut att den har gått oåterkalleligt förlorad. Istället underkastar han sig sin skuld och blir domare-botgörare – en falsk profet som förhärligas i självförgudningen.Men utvecklingen av samtalet går fel. Istället för att bryta ner den andre och tvinga fram dennes bekännelse möter Clamence sin överman i samtalspartnern, och jag argumenterar för att Clamence misslyckas med sitt syfte, underkastar sig samtalspartnern och gränsar till vansinnet. Det mest förvånande resultatet av analysen är hur samtalspartnern måste framstå som den verklige hjälten i historien vilket kräver en ny definition av aktanterna och klargörandet av en bakomliggande historia. Jag föreslår att samtalspartnern kan ses som en ny Kristus men tillstår behovet av vidare forskning. / In this essay I analyse the moral progression of Jean-Baptiste Clamence, the protagonist in Albert Camus’ novel The Fall. I employ A.J. Greimas’ actantial model and his development of Vladimir Propp’s function analysis for my purposes. I also propose a combination of the theories into a new actantial-functional scheme through which I analyses Clamence’s moral progression. Through the actantial-functional analysis it becomes clear how Clamence gradually deepens and grows rooted in his fall and guilt. Though seeking the moral innocence which he has lost he finally realises that it is gone forever and instead he submits to his fate and becomes judge-penitent – a false prophet indulging in self-deification. But the development of the conversation goes wrong. Instead of breaking the interlocutor down and forcing his confession Clamence meets his superior in the interlocutor, and I argue that Clamence fails in his aim, surrenders to the other and borders on madness. The most intriguing result of the analysis is how the interlocutor must stand out as the true hero of the novel which calls for a new definition of the actants in the novel and for the need of a primary story. I suggest that the interlocutor may be seen as an incarnation of Christ but acknowledges the need of further research.

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The aim of this study is to contribute to the urban social movement literature of Turkey which is lacking particularly for &ldquo / gecekondu resistance&rdquo / and to reveal and study the gecekondu resistance as a grassroots movement against the demolition of gecekondus, in the name of urban renewal projects in Istanbul, especially since 2004. It also investigates the &ldquo / urban social movement&rdquo / concept whose meaning is under discussion in the literature due to its usage in different aspects of resistance in the urban area. The literature review focuses mainly on the production of space, focusing particularly on urban renewal, urban resistance and social movements especially reflecting on the theoretical perspectives of prominent scholars like Lefebvre and Castells. The research focuses on neighborhood resistance in gecekondu areas / however in an attempt to make a categorization of ways of urban resistance in Istanbul. This thesis is based upon the field study pursued in the period between January and October 2006, in G&uuml / zeltepe neighborhood, in Ey&uuml / p, being a remarkable example of resistance for various reasons which will be elaborated in the thesis. G&uuml / zeltepe which is a part of the urban renewal project in Istanbul is investigated with participant observation and in-depth interviews comprising people both participating directly in the resistance and &ldquo / ordinary&rdquo / dwellers, who do not have political affiliations. The study is supported by a systematic analysis of representations of gecekondu resistance and its demolition in the Turkish press, from July 2005 until August 2006.

This thesis discusses the working class formation, particularly the class consciousness formation of the working class during the Democrat Party period. Class consciousness formation is evaluated as a dimension of class formation process. Getting organized, trade unionization and collective action, especially calling a strike are among the significant aspects of class consciousness formation. During the DP period, right to strike is the most controversial and noteworthy issue. It is the basic debate in the trade union newspapers. This is the reason of discussing class consciousness with reference to right to strike as handled by the trade union newspapers. According to this study, class consciousness should be perceived as a phenomenon composed of different levels. In addition, class struggle can take place in different ways and class consciousness can have different forms. Although, it is hard to say that there is a class consciousness in the Leninist sense of the term, it is possible to talk about an economic-corporate consciousness with Gramsci&rsquo / s words. Trade unionization during the DP period and trade union publications are important experience of the workers in class consciousness formation process. Working classes do not generally taken into consideration in the studies of the DP period and also in the researches on Turkish labor history. The study also asserts that, experiences of trade unions or the workers in general during the DP period are worth to analyze for the Turkish labor history.

This thesis examines the lived experience of economic migration of young and degree level educated migrants from Poland to Britain. The main aim is to explore how the participants of economic migration within the borders of the European Union experience migrating. The special feature of this migration is the fact that they leave a postcommunist country and come to a country with a well established capitalist economy and long-standing democracy. The particular questions are: how these migrants construct their experience of migrating, are they faced with any problems while doing it, and if so - how do they resolve them? The data comes from twenty-two semi-structured interviews with migrants educated to degree level who were residents and worked in one of the regions of England at a professional level or below their qualifications (manual or simple clerical work). The research utilises the critical discourse analysis perspective; the data is approached with analysis focused on linguistic choices (lexical and grammatical) evident in the respondents’ statements. This kind of analysis enables observation and in-depth interpretation of the way experiences of migrating are constructed. The migrants’ narratives were full of discursive struggle while constructing their experience of migrating. Firstly, the interviewees made an effort to present their migration as rational. Secondly, they were trying to rationalise their financial needs to refute accusations of greed for money. Thirdly, the underemployed migrants justified their employment choices by distancing themselves from work below that which they were qualified for. Fourthly, the interviewees were making an attempt to withdraw from a multicultural community by constructing the negative Other. Exploring lived experience of living and working abroad reveals competitive discourses and ways of coping with ambivalence. Understanding these discursive practices requires knowledge of their beliefs and values that underpin the discourses available in the Polish postcommunist society. Overall, the narratives overflowed with dilemmas that showed this migration as more complicated on an individual level than the official discourse of free movement of people in the EU suggests. This thesis captures the migrants’ lived experience within one year after the EU enlargement; it reflects on the narratives being shaped when migrants were given the opportunity to introduce the new discourses on migration or re-think the old ones as a result of new macro-processes in the European Union. This research complements other studies exploring migrants’ voices in search of insight into what their experiences were and how they made sense out of them. However, with the methodology used, it focuses more on uncovering the struggle over arguments available to build their stories. It offers explanation to their discursive practices by analysing them against the discourses as being products of postcommunism. The study’s results may shed more light on recent processes within this group of migrants and also inform institutional policy and practice about problems affecting members of this group, reported in this thesis.

This thesis examines Leadership Development in both a corporate setting and an expedition-based setting. The assumptions that are the foundations of current Leadership Development originate, and are informed by, aspects of the natural sciences. These methods are critiqued in terms of usability and applicability in the context of human relating. An alternative approach is investigated based on nonlinear causality and the complex responsive process of relating using the work of Stacey (2003, 2007, 2010), Stacey and Griffin (2005), Stacey et al. (2000). What is explored is the Leader as expert and the ability through communication, decision making, and planning to create certainty. What is problematized is the fantasy that this creates in ongoing day-to-day interactions. The work explores interactions between a leadership consultant/coach and clients in varied domains: the role of the practitioner in the delivery and creation of theory, models, best practices and standard operating procedures; and the reflections of both the practitioner and clients that what is emerging cannot be foreseen. This leads to a further exploration cycle of the human experience in organizations and how reification, the uncanny, and the struggle for recognition might offer other ways of making sense of the experience. The work examines the role of the consultant/teacher and the client/student and the emergence of knowledge. It further investigates the relationship of time and causality and how this is connected to theoretical knowledge and knowledge in action. This leads to a further connection of thinking, reflecting and reflexivity and what this means as practice for leadership development. Using the context of leadership coaching for management teams and connecting the reflexive aspect of knowledge, what is argued is that sensemaking as developed by Weick (1995, 2001, 2009), Weick and Sutcliffe (2007) is not a sufficient practice to explain and create best practices, standard operating procedures, models, and theories. What is also necessary, and is identified as sensemaking and connected to Elias (1987) work, is our own involvement and detachment as we abstract to understand what is happening in the moment between human agents. It is argued that paying attention to these aspects of ongoing human relating offer the possibility of thicker and a more contextualized understanding of the emergent unpredictable outcomes that leaders deal with every day.