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Thesis ( PhD. (Educational Management )) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2014? / The aim of the study was to determine the need for capacity building among student affairs practitioners with regards to student governance. As cited in the literature review chapter, minimal progress has been made in South Africa towards capacitating student affairs practitioners and this reality has led to the conception of this study. Pertinent questions were formulated and expressed for the qualitative section of the study. For the quantitative section of the study hypotheses were formulated to determine the relationship(s) between and amongst the independent variables of the study: which are male and female student affairs practitioners, senior and junior student affairs practitioners, and professionally trained and non-professionally trained practitioners. Finally, the researcher examined the views of student affairs practitioners regarding the professionalization of student affairs practice. In the light of the foregoing assertions the researcher sought to solicit views of the different student affairs practitioners on the need to professionalize student affairs practice, with special reference to student governance. The qualitative design allowed the researcher a more interactive experience with the interviewees and thereby facilitated more in-depth and meaningful responses in pursuit of the goals of the study. The phenomenological method was identified as the most suitable research method for this study. The quantitative research design allowed the researcher to specify phenomena being studied and to quantify the relationships between and within variables of the study namely: Gender (Male versus Female student affairs practitioners), Experience (Senior versus Junior student affairs practitioners), and Professional training (Professionally trained versus Non-Professionally trained student affairs practitioners) as Independent Variables (IV) and Student Governance as a Dependent Variable (DV). The research method best suited for this research design was found to be the descriptive method. This study used Sequential Exploratory Triangulation, where interviews were conducted first with a sample of convenience; and the adapted questionnaire was then administered to a wider pool of 150 student affairs practitioners conveniently sampled from the membership databases of both SAASSAP and NASDEV. The approved questionnaire was further subjected to tests of statistical validity. In this manner factor analyses was conducted by subjecting the forty two items of the questionnaire to principal component analyses using varimax rotation of one (1) criterion to extract the categories or components of the questionnaire. Twenty seven (27) items which had an Eigenvalue of above .50 were extracted and dispersed into two factors namely Personal Capability and Professional Competence. Fifteen items below the Eigenvalue of .50 were, therefore, discarded from the final questionnaire which the researcher named Student Affairs Professional Competency Scale (SAPCS). The SAPCS that was administered to the sample of 150 participants; yielded a 74,6% response rate for analysis. The results of the study supported current research that there is a need for capacity building for student affairs practitioners responsible for student governance. However, the main limitation of this study is that the findings and results are not applicable to the Further Education and Training (FET) sector, who have since become part of higher education administration, and consequently student affairs practitioners from this sector have recently been accepted as members of NASDEV. Their exclusion from this study is mainly due to the fact that the conception of this study preceded these recent developments in the sector. More inclusive research needs to be pursued in future and it is envisaged that future research in the field of student affairs in South Africa should be more representative and therefore include both qualitative and quantitative presentation.

This study explores the involvement of learners in aspects of educational management in senior secondary schools of the North Central District of Botswana. The findings revealed that: • The learners should be involved in as many aspects as is possible. The tests of relevance and expertise can be applied to determine whether the learners can participate meaningfully in an aspect or not. • The extent to which the learners can participate was partial. This extent of participation will allow school managers to take quick decisions in times of emergency or take a unilateral decision if it is established that the learners will not make a meaningful contribution to the process of making decisions. In this case too, the tests of relevance and expertise can be applied. • The training and guidance of prefects can significantly improve the quality of participation of learners in management aspects of the school. The training exercise must include aspects that could be specific to a locality such as culture, politics or economic status of the community in which the school is situated. Based on the above findings, recommendations are made and suggestions for future research are postulated. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Educational Management)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T22:02:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 6 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação apresenta um estudo sobre o alcance e a efetividade da participação estudantil na escola. Para realizarmos este trabalho, optamos por investigar as lógicas que fundamentam a ação política de estudantes nos canais de participação instituídos na escola pública estadual. Usamos como itinerário investigativo duas problematizações: Qual o alcance e a efetividade destes processos decisórios manifestos em canais de participação no âmbito da escola? Se, como nos mostrou a bibliografia, os canais funcionais de definição da participação na escola se romperam, então como atuam estas relações de poder (controles e hierarquias, aparentes ou difusos, na participação)? Estas indagações nos conduziram à realização de um estudo etnográfico sobre a participação estudantil em duas escolas públicas do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados coletados foram interpretados a partir da perspectiva teórica da Sociologia da Experiência, em François Dubet, tendo como ferramentas analíticas as noções de experiênci / This dissertation presents a study of both the range and the effectiveness of student participation in school. We have investigated the logics that found the political action of students in the participation channels instituted in the state public school. Two problematizations have been used as investigation paths: What is the range and the effectiveness of the decision processes in school participation channels? If, as the literature has shown, the functional channels that define participation in the school have been disrupted, then how have power relations been exercised (controls and hierarchies, whether apparent or diffuse, in that participation)? These questions have led us to an ethnographic study of student participation in two countryside public schools in Rio Grande do Sul. Data collected have been interpreted from the theoretical perspective of Sociology of Experience, according to François Dubet, and our analytical tools have been the notions of social experience and logics of action. The material

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-04-24T12:54:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Scarlett Giovana Borges_.pdf: 1292066 bytes, checksum: f7d9d5a0f307e92a05a2ab4e98bedc77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T12:54:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Scarlett Giovana Borges_.pdf: 1292066 bytes, checksum: f7d9d5a0f307e92a05a2ab4e98bedc77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-21 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O Movimento Estudantil de Ocupações constitui uma forma de resistência às reformas implementadas pelos governos na Política de Educação fundamentadas em interesses macroeconômicos. O movimento tem como pauta as precárias condições das escolas e dos sistemas de ensino, utilizando a tática de ocupação como meio de fazer ouvir as e os estudantes que por sua condição adolescente têm um espaço de participação política reduzido na organização social contemporânea. Essas manifestações compõem o campo de estudo da presente pesquisa que tem como delimitação temática a experiência de ocupação de quatro escolas, na cidade de Caxias do Sul, entre maio e junho de 2016. O Movimento Estudantil de Ocupações estendeu-se de 2015 a 2016, no Brasil, sendo iniciado por estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio, conhecido como Movimento Secundarista de Ocupações, tendo a adesão de estudantes de universidades e de institutos federais como frente de luta contra a MP 746/2016, que define a reforma do ensino médio, e a PEC 241/2016, do congelamento de investimento nas políticas sociais, por 20 anos. Para embasar a abordagem da temática realizamos uma pesquisa do Estado da Arte, na qual sistematizamos as produções de teses e dissertações acerca da Participação Estudantil e do Movimento Estudantil e artigos que tratam especificamente do Movimento Estudantil de Ocupações. Problematizamos que o Movimento Secundarista de Ocupação surgiu como consequência da dialética das experiências escolares cotidianas e pela influência das manifestações contemporâneas que configuram novas formas de atuação pelo hibridismo entre o ciberespaço e o espaço urbano, dessa maneira, inquirimos acerca das modificações na experiência de escolarização das e dos estudantes que participaram do movimento. Com isso, identificamos e refletimos sobre as contradições da experiência cotidiana de escolarização e as modificações que a vivência das ocupações motivou na consciência social das e dos estudantes a respeito da educação. As fontes da pesquisa são compostas por quatro entrevistas semiestruturadas, com uma ou um estudante de cada escola estudada, postagens na rede social virtual Facebook e reportagens sobre a temática. Por meio da análise das fontes da pesquisa apreendemos que a experiência de ocupação foi potente em aprendizagem política, principalmente, sobre as diversas formas que pode ser configurada a participação democrática. Desse modo, concluímos que o Movimento Secundarista de Ocupações significou para as e os estudantes uma reconfiguração da maneira de vivenciar a educação e as relações escolares. / The Student Sit-in Movement constitutes a form of resistance to the changes caused by the governments in the Education Policy grounded in macro-economic interests. The movement points out the precarious conditions of schools and teaching systems, by using the tactic of staging sit-ins as a way of making students be heard, who, as adolescents, have a limited space for political participation which is reduced in the contemporary social organization. The Student Sit-in Movement constitutes the field of study of this research which has as the thematic delimitation the experience of staging sit-ins in four schools, in the city of Caxias do Sul, between May and June of 2016. The movement lasted from 2015 to 2016, in Brazil, having been initiated by elementary and high school students, and it was known as the High School Sit-in Movement, having the participation of students from universities and federal institutes as a front to fight against MP 746/2016, which defines the reform of secondary education, and PEC 241/2016, of the freezing of investment in social policies, for 20 years. In order to base the approach of the subject we conducted a research on The State of The Art, in which we systemized the productions of theses and dissertations about the Student Participation and the Student Movement, and also articles that are specifically about the Student Sit-in Movement. We put in question that the High School Sit-in Movement emerged as a consequence of the dialectic of the everyday school experiences and through the influence of contemporary protests which configure new forms of acting for hybridism between the cyberspace and the urban space, thus, we inquired into the modifications in the experience of schooling of the students who participated in the movement. With this, we identify and reflect on the contradictions of the everyday schooling experience and changes that the experience of the sit-ins may have caused in the social awareness of the students regarding education. The sources of the research are composed of four semi-structured interviews, with a student from each school being studied, also postages from the virtual social media Facebook, and reports about the subject. Through the analysis of the research sources we learned that the experience of sit-ins was powerful regarding political learning, mainly about the several ways in which the democratic participation may be characterized. Thus, we concluded that the High School Sit-in Movement meant for the students a reconfiguration in the way they can experience education and school relations.

Este trabalho foi realizado em uma escola da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de São Paulo entre o segundo semestre de 2005 e o primeiro semestre de 2006. Ele tem a finalidade de discutir o processo de formação de crianças e adolescentes para a participação em processos decisórios em uma escola pública municipal. Tal objetivo se justifica por estar determinado constitucionalmente à educação a formação para a cidadania, sendo a participação um de seus elementos fundamentais. A nossa referência é o conceito de cidadania ativa (Benevides), que implica a interferência intencional dos cidadãos nos rumos das políticas públicas. Além disso, compreende-se que há um vínculo necessário entre educação e democracia (Paro), na medida em que o ser humano somente se constrói enquanto tal por um ato de vontade própria no processo de transcendência a uma dada realidade (o que gera o domínio da liberdade), constituindo a cultura acumulada e construída historicamente o que lhe possibilita tal transcendência e sendo a educação o meio de apropriação da cultura. Portanto, a educação, enquanto um direito humano, somente se concretiza na medida em que o aluno faz-se sujeito desse processo. Disso decorre a necessidade do aluno, em conjunto com o coletivo da escola, também auxiliar a decidir sobre os rumos pedagógicos. Diante disso, a participação estudantil é entendida como a atuação dos alunos nas decisões acerca do projeto pedagógico e dos meios necessários para se atingir as finalidades coletivamente definidas. Na escola pública municipal o espaço instituído legalmente para isso é o Conselho de Escola. Contudo, em termos de formação para a participação discente, outros espaços como o Grêmio Estudantil, a rádio da escola (formada a partir do programa Educom.radio) e os projetos desenvolvidos pela EMEF Eliseu Dias, principalmente as ações em defesa dos fragmentos de Mata Atlântica em associação a uma Sociedade Amigos de Bairro local, mostraram-se mais relevantes. Os dados da pesquisa, obtidos principalmente em entrevistas à equipe escolar e discente e durante as reuniões do Grêmio, da rádio e do Conselho de Escola, sugerem as contradições de uma escola que almeja ser democrática, busca construir relações humanas e pedagógicas pautadas nesses valores, mas que ainda se reconhece marcada por práticas autoritárias. / This work was carried through in a school of the public education net of São Paulo city between the second semester of 2005 and the first of 2006. It has the purpose to argue the process of formation of children and teenagers for the participation in decision processes in a public school of São Paulo. Such objective is justified because that the formation for the citizenship is guaranteed by the constitution and the participation is one of its basic elements. Our reference is the concept of active citizenship (Benevides) that requests intentional interference of the citizens in the routes of the public politics. Besides that, it is understood that it has a necessary bond between education and democracy (Paro), as human only constructs it self by an act of proper desire in the process of transcendence to one specific reality (the one that generates the domain of the freedom), constituting historically the accumulated and constructed culture wich makes possible such transcendence and being the education the way of appropriation of the culture. Therefore, the education as a human right only materialize if the pupil becomes subject of this process. It implicates the necessity of the pupil together with the staff of the school also contribute to the decisions on the pedagogical routes. Therefore, the students participation is understood as the performance of the pupils in the decisions concerning to the pedagogical project and to the necessary ways to reach the collectively defined purposes. In the public school of the municipal district the space legally instituted for this is the School Council. However, in terms of formation for the learning participation, other spaces as the Student Union, the radio of the school (formed from the Educom.radio program) and the projects developed by the EMEF Eliseu Dias, mainly the actions in defense of the fragments of Atlantic Forest in association to a Friends Society of local neighborhood, had revealed more relevant. The data of the research, obtained mainly in interviews with the school staff and learning team and also during the meetings of the Student Union the Radio and the School Council, suggest the contradictions of a school that longs for being democratic, tries to construct human and pedagogical relations based in these values, but that is still recognized marked by authoritarian practices.

This thesis describes what happens when a group of high-school students practice their ability to reflect upon their learning (metacognitive training) and then solve tasks with information collected on the Internet. The overall aim of the thesis is to make an explorative investigation to find out if exercises of metacognitive type can support the use of information for high-school students in their work with the Internet. The dissertation also aims at making clear what significance certain pre-requisites have for metacognitive training, ie if the students attend vocationally or theoretically oriented programmes and the attitude of the teacher towards metacognitive exercises. There are a number of reasons why I have chosen to investigate the field of learning and information and communication technology (ICT). The use of the Internet to search for information in school work has increased. An important reason to investigate these issues is that the use of ICT in itself doesn´t seem to mean improved learning, according to existing research. A central question to study is where the pedagogical surplus value lies in the use of the Internet in school work? In the thesis it is argued that it is not enough to provide schools with computers and Internet connections, but that something more is needed in order to achieve a development in teaching with ICT. During one year 40 students in theoretically and vocationally oriented programmes are being monitored together with their English teachers, in four different actions. The collection of data was done exploratively by interviews, logbook notes, observations and the SOLO-taxonomy. The result is accounted for in four case studies. During the action the professionalism of the teacher in creating beneficial teaching environments, by contextualizing the metacognitive exercises to things that challenge the students' internal motivation, turned out to be central. Furthermore it was shown that the students in the vocationally oriented programmes had most use of developing their reflective ability.

"Why are you researching us?" ... "Are you a spy?"..."Are you taping right now?" asked children at the ‘Community School,' in those first moments of this qualitative study. This thesis contributes to the growing body of social research in the field of early childhood education, viewing children as capable and competent meaning makers, engaging their input as ‘agentive researchers,’ and reconceptualizing research methodology, play theory, and early childhood teaching practice. Changing contexts of 21st century childhoods, as well as new theories regarding literacy and meaning making, prompted this research involving a reconceptualization of play and its value, within the context of multiliteracies theories and holistic education. This process of reconceptualization was informed by observation (playscapes, places, props, plots, partners and practices) of boys at play considering their meaning-making processes. Through participant observation in a full-day Kindergarten, play episodes were documented (i.e., digital videography, photography, audio recording, field notes, collection of artifacts) and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Three broad themes emerged. First, physical and social aspects of the Classroom Play Environment were found to be influential in creating conditions for play, influencing the quality of engagement and learning. Ample time, space, freedom of movement, and access to plentiful creative materials were important in children’s active play and meaning making processes. Common behavourist classroom management techniques were avoided in favour of social constructivist approaches, which promoted children’s self-regulation with an aim to recognize and foster their sense of agency, and support emergent play-literacy practices (Hill & Nichols, 2006). Second, children’s explanations regarding the source and inspiration of play themes and interests prompted a reconsideration of ‘spontaneity’ as foundational to a Definition of Play. Defining play processes as “multiliteracies”, and play episodes as “text”, play ideas were found to be intertextually linked to multiple texts including picture books, multimedia, and iconic texts. Third, Boys' Play was observed to involve much movement combined with rough and tumble, pretend, construction, and word play, prompting a re-consideration of ‘narrative’ within the context of play and literacy research literature. As well, boys inquired about gendered play objects and identities in complex and personal ways. This digital thesis document utilized a multimodal design, embedding visual and audio text, creating a new multimodal thesis form with an aim toward considering all modes of meaning making as equal, rather than emphasizing or privileging print text (Jewitt & Kress, 2003).

"Why are you researching us?" ... "Are you a spy?"..."Are you taping right now?" asked children at the ‘Community School,' in those first moments of this qualitative study. This thesis contributes to the growing body of social research in the field of early childhood education, viewing children as capable and competent meaning makers, engaging their input as ‘agentive researchers,’ and reconceptualizing research methodology, play theory, and early childhood teaching practice. Changing contexts of 21st century childhoods, as well as new theories regarding literacy and meaning making, prompted this research involving a reconceptualization of play and its value, within the context of multiliteracies theories and holistic education. This process of reconceptualization was informed by observation (playscapes, places, props, plots, partners and practices) of boys at play considering their meaning-making processes. Through participant observation in a full-day Kindergarten, play episodes were documented (i.e., digital videography, photography, audio recording, field notes, collection of artifacts) and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Three broad themes emerged. First, physical and social aspects of the Classroom Play Environment were found to be influential in creating conditions for play, influencing the quality of engagement and learning. Ample time, space, freedom of movement, and access to plentiful creative materials were important in children’s active play and meaning making processes. Common behavourist classroom management techniques were avoided in favour of social constructivist approaches, which promoted children’s self-regulation with an aim to recognize and foster their sense of agency, and support emergent play-literacy practices (Hill & Nichols, 2006). Second, children’s explanations regarding the source and inspiration of play themes and interests prompted a reconsideration of ‘spontaneity’ as foundational to a Definition of Play. Defining play processes as “multiliteracies”, and play episodes as “text”, play ideas were found to be intertextually linked to multiple texts including picture books, multimedia, and iconic texts. Third, Boys' Play was observed to involve much movement combined with rough and tumble, pretend, construction, and word play, prompting a re-consideration of ‘narrative’ within the context of play and literacy research literature. As well, boys inquired about gendered play objects and identities in complex and personal ways. This digital thesis document utilized a multimodal design, embedding visual and audio text, creating a new multimodal thesis form with an aim toward considering all modes of meaning making as equal, rather than emphasizing or privileging print text (Jewitt & Kress, 2003).

A partir de que la participación de los jóvenes se ha vinculado al desafío democrático de fortalecer la participación de los ciudadanos tanto a nivel individual como colectivo, se ha visto un interés en potenciar el aprendizaje de competencias para participar, aprendizaje que se asociaría al ejercicio de la participación como un medio y fin desde la escuela. Con lo cual se ha estimado que la formación para participar en la sociedad democrática se encontraría entre las tareas de la pedagogía actual. Bajo esta premisa la investigación siguiente corresponde a un estudio comparativo de casos, donde se abordaron las conceptualizaciones y acciones participativas que desarrollaban los jóvenes entre 16 y 18 años en dos institutos de Chile y dos de España. Los centros fueron escogidos porque mantenían y promovía actividades participativas, con lo cual se caracterizaban en su contexto por promover la participación de los jóvenes. Los objetivos fueron describir los tipos de participación que vivían los jóvenes en sus centros educativos y comparar las experiencias entre países. Teóricamente se realizó una revisión del sentido de la participación desde la idea de la democracia deliberativa, lo que permitió comprender desde la génesis occidental de la democracia un sentido de la participación individual y colectiva, así como su alcance en los niños y jóvenes. Entendiendo por democracia la forma de tomar decisiones, un modelo de organización social y también un sistema de gobierno, que conlleva significados, valores y principios universales. Posteriormente se revisaron algunas perspectivas educativas que han promovido el reconocimiento del niño en la escuela, específicamente a través de metodologías activas y una mirada confiada y respetuosa de sus capacidades e intereses, lo cual fue identificado como uno de los principios de la participación de los niños y jóvenes en los centros educativos. Además se revisaron las teorías que relacionaban el aprendizaje de la participación con la democracia y el aprendizaje moral, junto con estudios recientes que abordaban estas experiencias en la población adolescente a nivel global y en los contextos estudiados. Ante este escenario la investigación planteó indagar en centros de secundaria donde se realizaran buenas prácticas participativas tanto en Chile como en Cataluña. Para describir las particularidades de cada centro según sus protagonistas y luego comparar los aspectos comparables. La metodología de investigación comprendió recolección de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos de los sujetos implicados (estudiantes, docentes, directivos) además de la revisión de cada caso profundamente a través de sus documentos oficiales. Los resultados se expusieron a través del análisis de cada caso en particular a través de la triangulación de la información obtenida. Luego se compararon los institutos según titularidad y país de procedencia. Entre las conclusiones destacaron que la participación en los centros analizados prevalecían tipos de participación correspondientes a Asignados pero informados (Hart, 1992) y Simple- Consultivo (Trilla y Novella, 2001), a la vez que se observó que la experiencia participativa es transformadora y formadora para los jóvenes que formaron parte de la investigación. Por último se halló que existía un énfasis en promover y valorar la democracia, en los centros investigados y que habría una generación de jóvenes, como los que formaron parte de la investigación, que propone una participación diferente a las que las instituciones ofrecen y que vale la pena revisar. / This research is a comparative case study which aimed to study the participatory conceptualizations and actions that were developed by young people aged 16 and 18 years old in two secondary schools in Chile and two in Spain. The institutions were selected because they support and promote participatory activities; therefore they were well recognized in their contexts to promote young participation. The goal was to describe the type of participation that young people experience in their educational institutions and to compare the experiences between countries. From a theoretical level, we approach the sense of the participation from the perspective of the deliberative democracy and from the understanding of the children’s right to participate. We reviewed as well the experiences related with the current of thought of democratic pedagogies together with the contemporary trends and finally the presence of the student’s participation in the legislature of both countries. Regarding this frame, we understood the student’s participation in their educational institutions as a means and a goal towards the learning of the participation, and as a valuable feature that leads people to be actively involved in the different areas of life in society. We also understood the participation as a right which articulates the essence of a democracy and the learning of the organizational skills in the common live. The research methodology involves the uses of quantitative and qualitative data, collected from the target individuals (students, teachers and directors) and also the analysis of official institutional documents. The results were exposed by single cases and by the triangulation of the information. Afterward, we compared the institutions regarding the country and the ownership (private or public). Among all the conclusions, is remarkable that the participation in the schools is not transferred to the vision of democratic experience in their scholar life, therefore it’s focused on the participation related with academic issues or student’s organization. At the same time, we consider relevant that the adults trust the participatory methodologies to promote meaningful learning, together with other factors, according each case and analysis level.