The gauge/string duality, a.k.a. the holographic principle is a profound assertion that emerged from string theory. It relates strongly-coupled gauge theories to weakly coupled string theories living in a higher-dimensional curved geometry. Nevertheless, it is a conjecture, and only a few instances of its more concrete form, the AdS/CFT correspondence, are well-understood. The most well-studied example is the duality between N=4 SYM, which is a CFT, and type IIB string theory in AdS5xS5 background. Generalization to less symmetric cases is a must, and the next logical step is to add a mass scale to N=4 SYM, therefore breaking its conformal symmetry and leading to N=2* SYM, the theory we study in this thesis. It is supersymmetric enough to employ the powerful localization method that reduces its partition function to a matrix model. We will see that the mass scale causes non-trivial phase structures in its vacuum configuration, visible in the holographic regime. We will probe them using Wilson loops in different representations of the gauge group. On the other hand, the dual supergravity background was derived by Pilch-Warner, making N=2* theory an explicitly testable non-conformal holographic case, which is a rare example. We will prove that the duality works for the dual observables (string action, D-branes) we managed to compute, even at a quantum-level.

Nous explorons la structure des vides dans une déformation massive de la théorie de Yang-Mills maximalement supersymétrique en quatre dimensions. Sur un espace-temps topologiquement trivial, la théorie des orbites nilpotentes dans les algèbres de Lie rend possible le calcul exact de l'indice de Witten. Nous en donnons les fonctions génératrices pour les algèbres classiques, et recourons à un calcul explicite pour les exceptionnelles. Après compactification sur un cercle, un lien entre les théories de jauge supersymétriques et les systèmes intégrables est exploitable pour réduire la chasse aux vides à une extrémisation du hamiltonien de Calogero-Moser elliptique twisté. Une analyse soigneuse des propriétés globales du groupe de jauge et des opérateurs de ligne est nécessaire pour obtenir un accord parfait. En combinant exploration numérique sur ordinateur et contrôle analytique grâce à la théorie des formes modulaires, nous exhibons la structure des vides massifs pour des algèbres de rang petit, et mettons en évidence de nouvelles propriétés modulaires. Nous montrons que des branches de vides de masse nulle existent, et nous en donnons la structure exacte pour les algèbres de rang deux. / We investigate the vacuum structure of a massive deformation of the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills gauge theory in four dimensions. When the topology of spacetime is trivial, the Witten index can be computed exactly for any gauge group using the theory of nilpotent orbits in Lie algebras. We provide generating functions for classical algebras and an explicit calculation for the exceptional ones. Upon compactification on a circle, one can use a bridge between supersymmetric gauge theories and complex integrable systems to reduce the analysis of vacua to the search of extrema of the twisted elliptic Calogero-Moser Hamiltonian. A careful inspection of global properties of the gauge group and line operators are needed to reach total agreement. Using a combination of numerical exploration on a computer and analytical control through the theory of modular forms, we determine the structure of massive vacua for low-rank gauge algebras and exhibit new modular properties. We also show that massless branches of vacua can exist, and provide an analytic description for rank two gauge algebras.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21562号 / 理博第4469号 / 新制||理||1641(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 國友 浩, 教授 杉本 茂樹, 教授 田中 貴浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22997号 / 理博第4674号 / 新制||理||1670(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 國友 浩, 教授 杉本 茂樹, 教授 田中 貴浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

We present the supersymmetry and localization of an N=2 theory on S3b along with that of an N=(2,2) theory on S2. Performing the dimensional reduction of the theory on S3b produces a theory on S2 with no flux-sectors. A re-evaluated version of twisted reduction is applied on the level of the S3b partition function, arguing for a splitting of the partition function into pieces. The splitting produces flux-like sectors correspondent to the S2 theory but holds the potential for superfluous sectors. An argument interpreting these sectors as true flux is given and utilized to remove superfluous sectors due to topological restrictions on S2. The final result is a method which gives a bijective mapping ZS3b to ZS2 . / Vi utför konstruktionen av två supersymmetriska teorier på en deformerad 3-sfär samt en 2-sfär. Den utökade symmetrin tillåter oss att använda en lokaliseringsmetod för att reducera partitionsfunktionerna till ändligt-dimensionella integraler. På 2-sfären finner vi diskreta konfigurationer vars tolkning vi vill finna i konstruktionen på 3-sfären. Vi utför en dimensionell reduktion ifrån 3-sfären till 2-sfären och finner en ekvivalens som saknar dessa konfigurationer. Som substitut presenteras en metod där integralen delas upp i delar som kan tolkas att vara ekvivalenta med de avsaknade diskreta konfigurationerna. Slutligen framförs ett argument för vilka delar av integralen som kan existera på 2-sfären och resterande delar avfärdas. Resultatet är en exakt avbilding mellan partitionsfunktionerna.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / We describe a reproduction procedure which, given a solution of the gl(m|n) Gaudin Bethe ansatz equation associated to a tensor product of polynomial modules, produces a family P of other solutions called the population. To a population we associate a rational pseudodifferential operator R and a superspace W of rational functions. We show that if at least one module is typical then the population P is canonically identified with the set of minimal factorizations of R and with the space of full superflags in W. We conjecture that the singular eigenvectors (up to rescaling) of all gl(m|n) Gaudin Hamiltonians are in a bijective correspondence with certain superspaces of rational functions. We establish a duality of the non-periodic Gaudin model associated with superalgebra gl(m|n) and the non-periodic Gaudin model associated with algebra gl(k). The Hamiltonians of the Gaudin models are given by expansions of a Berezinian of an (m+n) by (m+n) matrix in the case of gl(m|n) and of a column determinant of a k by k matrix in the case of gl(k). We obtain our results by proving Capelli type identities for both cases and comparing the results. We study solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations of the non-homogeneous periodic XXX model associated to super Yangian Y(gl(m|n)). To a solution we associate a rational difference operator D and a superspace of rational functions W. We show that the set of complete factorizations of D is in canonical bijection with the variety of superflags in W and that each generic superflag defines a solution of the Bethe ansatz equation. We also give the analogous statements for the quasi-periodic supersymmetric spin chains.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18786号 / 理博第4044号 / 新制||理||1582(附属図書館) / 31737 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 川合 光, 教授 畑 浩之, 教授 田中 貴浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第22583号 / 情博第720号 / 新制||情||123(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科数理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 中村 佳正, 教授 矢ヶ崎 一幸, 准教授 辻本 諭 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

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