Sustainable transport is now a popular goal of transport planning. As with any aspiration, systems and mechanisms are required to assess and gauge success in achieving this policy goal. There is increasing reliance on sustainable transport indicators as appropriate tools for this purpose. The usefulness and credibility of any indicator-based assessment will undoubtedly depend on the specific indicators utilised. As such, indicators must be selected carefully to maximise their contribution to the sustainable transport decision making process. A review of current applications of sustainable transport indicators has revealed however, that they are typically selected in an ad hoc and arbitrary fashion. Development of a framework that facilitates transparent and systematic indicator selection would therefore represent a significant advance in transport research. In that regard, this thesis presents the Evaluative and Logical Approach to Sustainable Transport Indicator Compilation (ELASTIC), a methodological framework which provides a flexible, participatory and systematic mechanism for identifying and selecting key sustainable transport indicators. The output of ELASTIC is the Transport Sustainability Profile (TSP), a small un-aggregated suite of sustainable transport indicators which together can provide a snapshot of the sustainability of a transport system. Using various multi-criteria and statistical techniques, ELASTIC applies a robust process to evaluate and select indicators based on their analytical soundness and their relevance to key objectives of sustainable transport. A generic and transferable tool, ELASTIC is capable of application at different geographical scales as well as to non-transport sustainability assessment. For the purpose of this research, the framework is demonstrated through application to England, UK where the judgements of relevant Academics and Transport Planners are elicited and entered into the ELASTIC framework to systematically select a subset of 15 indicators from an initial set of 200. By disaggregating the sample of stakeholders into regional groupings, different context-specific suites of indicators for the regional groupings were also derived. The demonstration confirms ELASTIC to be an inclusive and practical approach to compiling a suite of sustainable transport indicators specific to context and which reflects the unique values of key stakeholders.

Urbanization and climate change are two of the most important issues of our days. Many attempts have been made to define the most sustainable way to organise cities in order to cope with the increased population, while simultaneously being climate friendly, socially acceptable and economically viable. This master thesis focuses on the comparison of the sustainability performance of two particular theoretically planned urban forms, located in the suburban area of Stockholm – a “compact city”-like neighborhood and a “garden-city”-like neighbourhood. It was decided that the focus would be on the carbon footprint of the representative residences of each urban form, with the help of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); and that overall sustainability criteria for neighbourhoods would after wards be assessed, having a certification system forsustainable neighbourhoods (CityLab for districts, in particular) as a framework for a – mostly theoreticalassessment. After the exploring of the differences in the sustainability performance(environmental and social) of the two assessed urban forms, a discussion is made concerning the relationship between urban form and sustainability and conditions under which the most sustainable urban form could be achieved. The results of the analysis highlight that the concept “one size fits all” cannot conform to urban planning decisions, since cities should be able to adjust to the needs of each generation.

Communication around climate change is a challenging area. It is beneficial for companies to present themselves as more environmentally sustainable than they are, leading to greenwashing. Type 1 ecolabels, as described in the ISO standard 14024, try to mitigate this problem by providing independent verification of a company’s claims. TCO Certified is a type 1 environmental label, so ensuring that the organization behind TCO Certified, TCO Development, does not contribute to greenwashing is critical. TCO Certified has created a tool called the “benchmarking functionalities”. Using this tool, brand owners in the IT industry can compare their certified products using Sustainability Performance Indicators (SPIs) defined by TCO Development. Misinterpretations by brand owners using the “benchmarking functionalities” must be minimized to ensure the tool does not contribute to greenwashing. The design activity framework has been used for this study to create an alternative version of the benchmarking functionalities. The focus of the design process was to create a visualization that maximizes user comprehension to ensure the data cannot be misinterpreted and misused for greenwashing without compromising on usability. The alternative version was compared to the original version of the benchmarking functionalities in a user study. The results indicate that the original version of the benchmarking functionalities has a better System Usability Scale (SUS) score, and users could solve tasks quicker than with the alternative version. However, the users performed the tasks better with the alternative version. The difference between the correctness of the answers and the user’s confidence that their answer to a task was correct was larger for all tasks for the original version, indicating that there might be a false sense of comprehension in the original version of the benchmarking functionalities. To further understand the results, understanding how learning has impacted the study’s outcome is needed. Another relevant direction to study further is how stakeholders from different cultures, in terms of company and country, interpret and use visualizations for sustainability data. / Kommunikation kring klimatförändringar är ett utmanande område. Det finns incitament för företag att framställa sig som mer ekologiskt hållbara än de faktiskt är, vilket leder till grönmålning. Med hjälp av miljömärkningar av typ 1 som är definierade enligt ISO-standarden 14024, kan konsumenter få hjälp med att förstå huruvida ett företags påståenden om hållbarhet stämmer genom oberoende verifikation. TCO Certified är en typ 1 miljömärkning. Därmed är det viktigt för organisationen bakom TCO Certified, TCO Development, att se till att de inte är med och bidrar till gröntvättning på något sätt. TCO Certified har utvecklat ett verktyg för produktjämförelse och konkurrensanalys. Med hjälp av detta verktyg kan varumärkesägare inom IT-industrin med certifierade produkter jämföra sina produkter med varandra med hjälp av hållbarhetsindikatorer (SPIer) som har definierats av TCO Development. Det är viktigt att denna data inte kan misstolkas av varumärkesägare. I denna studie har designriktlinjerna definierade i ramverket för designaktiviteter använts, för att skapa en alternativ design av verktyget för produktjämförelse och konkurrensanalys. Huvudfokus i designprocessen var att skapa en visualisering som maximerar användarens förståelse av hållbarhetsdata, utan att kompromissa med användarvänligheten. Samtidigt är det också viktigt att utveckla visualiseringen så att användaren inte kan misstolka data på ett sätt som kan användas för grönmålning. Den alternativa versionen jämfördes med originalversionen av verktyget för produktjämförelse och konkurrensanalys i en användarstudie. Resultaten visar att användarna upplevde originalversionen som mer användarvänlig, och användarna löste uppgifter snabbare än med den alternativa versionen. Men användarna kunde lösa uppgifterna bättre med den alternativa versionen. Skillnaden mellan hur rätta svaren var och hur säkra användarna var på att de svarat med rätt svar skilde sig dock mycket i originalversionen, för alla uppgifter. Detta pekar på att användarna kan uppleva en falsk känsla av förståelse för hur originalversionen av verktyget för produktjämförelse och konkurrensanalys ska användas. För att vidare förstå resultaten från denna studie behövs det undersökas vad inlärning har för effekt på användarnas upplevelse av verktyget. En annan relevant riktning som kan undersökas i framtida studier är hur intressenter från olika kulturer, likväl företags- som geografisk kultur, tolkar och använder visualiseringar med hållbarhetsdata.

Yes / Purpose: this paper presents notable themes regarding the relationship between sustainability development and the food loss issue. In doing so, it provides coherent knowledge concerning this global problem and highlights the key research areas in this context. Design/methodology/approach: this paper is a viewpoint piece; normative literature and supposition are used to orientate the views of the authors. Findings: this paper has identified the main causes of food loss at each stage of the food supply chain. It has then classified the causes into three groups based on organisational environment: internal causes, micro-environmental causes and macro-environmental causes. In addition, the authors suggest a need to adopt a holistic view of the performance measurement system in the food industry through incorporating sustainability pillars with traditional performance perspectives in the context of food loss. Practical implications: food loss generating from various causes along the supply chain means that more food should flow across the supply chains to reach consumers’ homes. This paper provides reassuring insights that will help the decision-makers in food companies to revise the performance measurement system in the context of food loss reduction. Social implications: reducing food loss will contribute to increasing food availability and decreasing food prices, which leads to strengthening economic and physical access for those people who are not able to get food. Consequently, it considers a mandatory step to enhance food security. Originality/value: to raise the significance of food loss reduction along the supply chain and to stress an urgent need to adopt a holistic view of the sustainability performance measurement system with a particular focus on the food loss issue.

De modo geral, há pouca informação disponível aos gestores para orientá-los tanto sobre o desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Medição de Desempenho (SMD) quanto à adequabilidade do SMD atual. Já Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) é uma abordagem para a gestão integrada das informações e dos processos de negócio para todas as fases da vida de um produto. A fim de compreender todas as fases da vida de um produto e, de forma consistente, considerar a abordagem PLM, as empresas estão tentando incorporar indicadores de desempenho de sustentabilidade em seus SMDs. O presente trabalho possui por objetivo propor um framework para o desenvolvimento de um SMD para a abordagem PLM com ênfase na sua aplicação prática, compreendendo as seguintes características: um procedimento com a descrição dos seus passos; um conjunto de ferramentas como formulários para apoiar o procedimento; uma lista de indicadores de desempenho de prática seleção dos indicadores na aplicação do framework, relacionados com PLM e sustentabilidade. Esta pesquisa adota a metodologia de pesquisa em design, como a abordagem mais ampla, na qual a proposta do framework é sintetizada da literatura e posteriormente aplicada e aperfeiçoada à medida que se conduzia uma pesquisa-ação. As principais contribuições consistem em possibilitar o diagnóstico do SMD atual da empresa assim como o seu nível de maturidade e selecionar indicadores com base em uma lista previamente sistematiza, para facilitar essa escolha. Finalmente, mostra-se que é possível incorporar indicadores de desempenho de sustentabilidade nos SMDs atuais da empresa para abordagem PLM, desde que existam stakeholders interessados em estabelecer objetivos estratégicos para a sustentabilidade. / Usually there is little information available to managers to guide them on either the development of a Performance Measurement System (PMS) or the uptade of the current PMS. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is an integrated approach to information management and business processes for all stages of life of a product. Further, in order to fully address all phases of a products life and consistently support consider the PLM; companies are trying to incorporate sustainability performance indicators into their PMS. Thus, this work aims at proposing a framework to develop a PMS for the PLM approach with an emphasis on practical application, comprising the following characteristics: a procedure containing steps and a set of tools such as forms to support them; a list of performance indicators PLM and sustainability to enable the selection of indicators. This research adopts the design research methodology, as the broader approach, in which the proposed framework is synthesized from literature and then applied and improved during an action research. The highlights of the framework are the diagnosis of the current SMD company as well as their level of maturity of the PMS and the selection of performance indicators through a list. Finally, this work indicates that is possible to incorporate sustainability performance indicators into the PMS for the PLM approach as long as there stakeholder interested in establishing strategic objectives for sustainability.

De modo geral, há pouca informação disponível aos gestores para orientá-los tanto sobre o desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Medição de Desempenho (SMD) quanto à adequabilidade do SMD atual. Já Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) é uma abordagem para a gestão integrada das informações e dos processos de negócio para todas as fases da vida de um produto. A fim de compreender todas as fases da vida de um produto e, de forma consistente, considerar a abordagem PLM, as empresas estão tentando incorporar indicadores de desempenho de sustentabilidade em seus SMDs. O presente trabalho possui por objetivo propor um framework para o desenvolvimento de um SMD para a abordagem PLM com ênfase na sua aplicação prática, compreendendo as seguintes características: um procedimento com a descrição dos seus passos; um conjunto de ferramentas como formulários para apoiar o procedimento; uma lista de indicadores de desempenho de prática seleção dos indicadores na aplicação do framework, relacionados com PLM e sustentabilidade. Esta pesquisa adota a metodologia de pesquisa em design, como a abordagem mais ampla, na qual a proposta do framework é sintetizada da literatura e posteriormente aplicada e aperfeiçoada à medida que se conduzia uma pesquisa-ação. As principais contribuições consistem em possibilitar o diagnóstico do SMD atual da empresa assim como o seu nível de maturidade e selecionar indicadores com base em uma lista previamente sistematiza, para facilitar essa escolha. Finalmente, mostra-se que é possível incorporar indicadores de desempenho de sustentabilidade nos SMDs atuais da empresa para abordagem PLM, desde que existam stakeholders interessados em estabelecer objetivos estratégicos para a sustentabilidade. / Usually there is little information available to managers to guide them on either the development of a Performance Measurement System (PMS) or the uptade of the current PMS. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is an integrated approach to information management and business processes for all stages of life of a product. Further, in order to fully address all phases of a products life and consistently support consider the PLM; companies are trying to incorporate sustainability performance indicators into their PMS. Thus, this work aims at proposing a framework to develop a PMS for the PLM approach with an emphasis on practical application, comprising the following characteristics: a procedure containing steps and a set of tools such as forms to support them; a list of performance indicators PLM and sustainability to enable the selection of indicators. This research adopts the design research methodology, as the broader approach, in which the proposed framework is synthesized from literature and then applied and improved during an action research. The highlights of the framework are the diagnosis of the current SMD company as well as their level of maturity of the PMS and the selection of performance indicators through a list. Finally, this work indicates that is possible to incorporate sustainability performance indicators into the PMS for the PLM approach as long as there stakeholder interested in establishing strategic objectives for sustainability.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="">The study shows the financial impacts on costs per student at academic module level, at departmental level, at faculty level, and at institutional level, thereby showing the effects of cross-subsidisation at all levels of management. The reports were developed in termsof the guidelines compiled in terms of Llewellyn's five levels of theorisation.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-family: Garamond / "><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="">The study shows the financial impacts on costs per student at academic module level, at departmental level, at faculty level, and at institutional level, thereby showing the effects of cross-subsidisation at all levels of management. The reports were developed in termsof the guidelines compiled in terms of Llewellyn's five levels of theorisation.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-family: Garamond / "><o:p></o:p></span></p>

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-06T18:03:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TADEU COELHO GON?ALVES DE SOUZA.pdf: 7896670 bytes, checksum: 16675da62ff8734c193931e7c3b6713e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T18:03:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TADEU COELHO GON?ALVES DE SOUZA.pdf: 7896670 bytes, checksum: 16675da62ff8734c193931e7c3b6713e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-07 / Sustainability has become an important tool in relation to market competitiveness. As in all areas, sustainability must also be seen as a strategy for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs).Therefore, the relevance of sustainability reports, which disseminate information about the impacts of a given HEI on the environment, the economy and society. The reports give tangible and concrete form to the abstract questions, helping to better understand and manage the effects of the development of sustainability on its activities and strategies. This new idea of integrating strategic information on sustainability with other financial and material data represents a significant and positive development. The big impasse is how to kick-start? How to start sustainability reporting in a simpler and easier way, so that organizations or HEIs are more interested in creating their reports? This study is anchored in the guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), considered the main instrument of communication of environmental, economic and social performance of organizations. For GRI, sustainability can only be achieved through a balance between environmental, economic and social needs, as long as it doesn?t compromise its future development. The present work has the objective of carrying out a case study in a nonprofit oriented Communal IES, located in the interior of the state of S?o Paulo, to verify the possibility of elaboration and implementation of a sustainability report, based on the guidelines developed by GRI. Sustainability indicators related to the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability were divided into: factors extracted from the University's PDI; factors adopted by the University that are not included in the PDI and factors included in the GRI booklet - not adopted by th University. The data collected allow us to state that the guidelines of a sustainability report, as they are included in the GRI booklet, can be applied in the HEI studied, since they are universally applicable to companies of all sizes, types and sectors of the market. However, in order to be able to produce its own sustainability report, the HEI studied needs to take some actions, such as: the decision making to produce its own sustainability report; organization of the information, reporting on its deliberate and emerging strategic actions in documents, as mentioned previously; training of people to organize information and report production; awareness and mobilization of the academic community for engagement in sustainable actions; publication of the sustainability report; adoption of strategies so that the sustainable actions are inserted and practiced more and more, becoming part of the culture in the campuses of the institution, and; annual sustainability targets so that, each year, the sustainability report is expanded and improved according to the instructions of the GRI booklet. The elaboration of its own sustainability report will allow the studied University benefits that add up to positive values, increase the chances of loyalty to the market, and also allow the periodic analysis of the data to compare performance with other organizations. / A sustentabilidade tem se tornado uma importante ferramenta frente ? competitividade de mercado. Assim como em todas as ?reas, a sustentabilidade tamb?m deve ser vista como uma estrat?gia para as Institui??es de Ensino Superior (IES). Da?, ent?o, a relev?ncia dos relat?rios de sustentabilidade, os quais divulgam informa??es sobre os impactos de uma determinada IES no meio ambiente, na economia e na sociedade. Os relat?rios d?o forma tang?vel e concreta ?s quest?es abstratas, ajudando a compreender e gerir melhor os efeitos do desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade sobre suas atividades e estrat?gias. Essa nova ideia de integrar informa??es estrat?gicas sobre sustentabilidade a outros dados financeiros e materiais representa uma evolu??o significativa e positiva. O grande impasse ?: como dar o pontap? inicial? Como iniciar os relatos de sustentabilidade de uma maneira mais simples e f?cil, de forma que as organiza??es ou IES tenham maior interesse em criar seus respectivos relat?rios? Este estudo est? ancorado nas diretrizes da Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), considerada como o principal instrumento de comunica??o do desempenho ambiental, econ?mico e social das organiza??es. Para a GRI, a sustentabilidade s? pode ser alcan?ada por meio de um equil?brio entre as necessidades ambientais, econ?micas e sociais, desde que n?o comprometa o seu desenvolvimento futuro. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo realizar de um estudo de caso em uma IES Comunit?ria, sem fins lucrativos, situada no interior do estado de S?o Paulo, para verificar a possibilidade de elabora??o e implanta??o de um relat?rio de sustentabilidade, baseado nas diretrizes desenvolvidas pela GRI. Foram elencados indicadores de sustentabilidade voltados ?s dimens?es econ?mica, social e ambiental da sustentabilidade, divididos em: Fatores extra?dos do PDI da Universidade; Fatores adotados pela Universidade que n?o constam no PDI e Fatores constantes da cartilha GRI - n?o adotados pela Universidade. Os dados coletados permitem afirmar que as diretrizes de um relat?rio de sustentabilidade, conforme constam na cartilha GRI, podem ser aplicados na IES estudada, uma vez que s?o universalmente aplic?veis a empresas de todos os tamanhos, tipos e setores do mercado. Entretanto, para estar em condi??o de produzir o seu pr?prio relat?rio de sustentabilidade, a IES estudada precisa realizar algumas a??es, tais como: tomada de decis?o para produzir o seu pr?prio relat?rio de sustentabilidade; organiza??o das informa??es relatando as suas a??es estrat?gicas, deliberadas e emergentes, em documentos, conforme j? mencionado anteriormente; treinamento de pessoas para organiza??o das informa??es e produ??o do relat?rio; conscientiza??o e mobiliza??o da comunidade acad?mica para o engajamento em a??es sustent?veis; publica??o do relat?rio de sustentabilidade; ado??o de estrat?gias para que as a??es sustent?veis sejam inseridas e praticadas cada vez mais, tornando-se parte da cultura nos campi da institui??o, e; estabelecimento de metas sustent?veis anuais para que, a cada ano, o relat?rio de sustentabilidade seja ampliado e aprimorado, de acordo com as instru??es da cartilha GRI. A elabora??o do seu pr?prio relat?rio de sustentabilidade permitir? ? Universidade estudada auferir benef?cios que somam valores positivos, proporcionam o aumento das chances de fideliza??o junto ao mercado e, tamb?m, possibilitam a an?lise peri?dica dos dados para compara??o de desempenho junto ? outras organiza??es.

The Subject evidences the importance of the proposition of indicators of sustainable development for Agricultural Nestings, with the objective to support of the decisions of the governmental bodies and managers of a general form, in the implantation, accompaniment, support and evaluation to the implanted projects and to be implanted. Through the historical analysis of the brazilian agrarian question and the chosen theorical landmarks: the indicators of sustainable development; and family agriculture, was possible to know the theoretical structure witch involves the subject. Regarding the indicators of sustainable development it was proceeded a research concerning it s evolution, identifying the main studies about: the work of construction indicators of sustainable development led by the Commission for Sustainable Development CDS, of the United Nations; indicators of sustainable development Brazil 2004, of the IBGE; of the Balaton Group (Donella Meadows and others), in the Triângulo de Daly ; of the Bossel project; of the Monet model of Switzerland; and, the total socio-ecologial system, of the CEPAL. The boarding of the theorical landmark Familiar Agriculture included the analysis of some definitions and it s categories and identified the types, the sizes and the generated income for the familiar agriculturists in Brazil. The field research was carried through on two agricultural nestings (Farm Amoras and Farm Santa Amália e Santos Apóstolos) both managed by the Land and Agrarian Reformation Institute of Alagoas ITERAL. In the scope of the research we have observed characterization of the nestings, the profile of seated and the dynamics of the nestings, the social world of the seated, the production of the nestings and their impacts, the access to technology and to credit and the characteristics of the generated income. The proposition of the indicators of sustainable development to rural nestings followed the ordained landmark considered by the Commission of Sustainable Development CDS, of the United Nations and followed, in Brazil, by the IBGE, which organizes the indicators on four dimensions of sustainability: Environmental, Social, Economic and Institutional. The indicators proposed reach a total of sixty-two, including twenty-three environmental indicators, twenty-one social indicators, thirteen economical indicators and five institutional indicators. The indicators are also classified, by the model of the Cooperation and Economic Development Organization OCDE, as being Pressure Condition Reply PER. Finally, are identified thirteen indicators considered synthesis, in the total ambit of the indicators. / O tema evidencia a importância da proposição de indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável para Assentamentos Rurais, com o objetivo de apoiar as decisões dos órgãos governamentais e gestores de uma forma geral, na implantação, acompanhamento, apoio e avaliação aos projetos implantados e a serem implantados. Através da análise histórica da questão agrária brasileira e dos marcos teóricos escolhidos: os indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável; e, a agricultura familiar, foi possível conhecer o arcabouço teórico que envolve o tema. No tocante aos indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável procedemos a uma pesquisa concernente a sua evolução, identificando-se os principais estudos a respeito: o trabalho de construção de indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável liderado pela Comissão para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável CDS, das Nações Unidas; indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável Brasil 2004, do IBGE; o do Grupo Balaton (Donella Meadows e outros), no Triangulo de Daly ; o do esquema Bossel; o do modelo Monet da Suíça; e, o sistema sócio ecológico total, da CEPAL. A abordagem do marco teórico Agricultura Familiar compreendeu a análise de definições e as suas categorias e identificou os tipos, os tamanhos e a renda gerada pelos agricultores familiares no Brasil. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em dois assentamentos rurais (Fazenda Amoras e Fazenda Santa Amália e Santos Apóstolos), ambos gerenciados pelo Instituto de Terras e Reforma Agrária de Alagoas ITERAL. No âmbito da pesquisa observamos a caracterização dos assentamentos, o perfil dos assentados e a dinâmica dos assentamentos, o mundo social dos assentados, a produção dos assentamentos e os seus impactos, o acesso à tecnologia e ao crédito e as características da renda gerada. A proposição de indicadores de sustentabilidade para assentamentos rurais seguiu o marco ordenador proposto pela Comissão de Desenvolvimento Sustentável CDS, das Nações Unidas e seguido, no Brasil, pelo IBGE, que organiza os indicadores em quatro dimensões de sustentabilidade: Ambiental, Social, Econômica e Institucional. Os indicadores propostos atingem um total de sessenta e dois, compreendendo vinte e três indicadores ambientais, vinte e um indicadores sociais, treze indicadores econômicos e cinco indicadores institucionais. Os indicadores são também classificados, pelo modelo da Organização de Cooperação e de Desenvolvimento Econômico OCDE, como sendo Pressão-Estado-Resposta PER. Finalmente, são identificados treze indicadores considerados sínteses, no âmbito total dos indicadores.