Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Please refer to full text for abstract. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verwys asseblief na die volteks vir opsomming.

The thesis’s main objective was to determine if Albania was in close proximity to realize the human right to water, plainly by answering the subsequent queries; (i) if water utilization was accessible for all, and (ii) if the accessible water was of good quality (i.e. safe to drink) as well as (iii) if the economic accessibility was affordable without any discrepancy in its distribution. In sequence to answer the aforementioned queries, the thesis utilized a design of a case study since case studies are exceptionally well at endowing the researcher with an understanding of a multifaceted subject matter, i.e. Albania’s political economy of the right to water. The results of the thesis exhibits that water utilization is not accessible for all due to inadequate water amenities, and due to the large wastage of water that does not go into needed utilization. In proceeding, the results also illustrates that Albania is in deficient of water quality observation, which sequentially outcomes in unprotected water and relentless leakage. In conjunction with the findings of the thesis, it is verified that the rural areas of Albania are stricken the most, primarily because Albania does not encompass a righteous distribution of water reforms. Into the bargain, the rural areas are not only struggling with the discrepancy in the distribution of water but also with excessive costs of the diminutive amenities that are available.

Human enlargement and improvements are following the same scheme as the world economies, and have through the same structure damaged and overexploited the ecological systems of the Earth, leading to a progressive degradation of its biodiversity. The need for protected areas is now inescapable when it comes to restoring species while sustainable development and prevention of damaging the environment have become prominent. It is now even more important that the awareness of an actual impact of our living standards on the ecological system has been established. International and more specifically European Laws have been established to prevent and ensure species of all kinds to live in a safe and preserved environment, but the question of their effectiveness has to be asked and nuanced. In that respect the issue of bird species is one of major importance as they are victims of human development. Within the European member states the problem is coming from the inability of some of them to implement and apply European laws because all do not agree on the terms of a protection provided for bird species.

The theory of intergenerational equity is closely linked to the notion of sustainable development. It is indeed considered to be one of its aspect. Intergenerational equity can be divided in two facets: the intergenerational component links the present generation to future generations, while the intragenerational aspect imposes, within the same generation, a duty for industrialized countries to help developing countries. The legal status of intergenerational equity appears to be limited because of its qualification as a concept. Therefore, this concept of intergenerational equity belongs to the realm of soft law. Nevertheless, legal implications can be drawn out from this theory. Different means of implementation can be envisioned, some belonging to the domain of soft law, other employing more classical tools, such as institutional mechanisms.

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<p>This paper considers the fast changing developments and changes in relation to sustainable development law with its three pillars, and the needs of international development. The focus of the analysis is on the connection between international economic, international social and international environmental law which constitute sustainable development law at their intersection point, and will show how they can be the paths to sustainable peace. As sustainable development law is emerging as international concern, the qualitative approach of this paper will show its pillars separately and their connection under different conditions. This paper also demonstrates that this approach is gaining ground in the literature, and it contends that it is a more appropriate way of addressing the problems of economic, social and environmental. In support of this argument, the paper looks initially how sustainable development law fits to be the path to sustainable peace within the contemporary world which is full of economic, social and environmental conflicts. Secondly, it provides a theoretical framework how sustainable development law with its pillars can lead the world to sustainable peace. Thirdly, the three pillars, (-international economic law, international social law and international environmental law-), will be elaborated in relation to their intersection and sustainable development law.</p>

This paper considers the fast changing developments and changes in relation to sustainable development law with its three pillars, and the needs of international development. The focus of the analysis is on the connection between international economic, international social and international environmental law which constitute sustainable development law at their intersection point, and will show how they can be the paths to sustainable peace. As sustainable development law is emerging as international concern, the qualitative approach of this paper will show its pillars separately and their connection under different conditions. This paper also demonstrates that this approach is gaining ground in the literature, and it contends that it is a more appropriate way of addressing the problems of economic, social and environmental. In support of this argument, the paper looks initially how sustainable development law fits to be the path to sustainable peace within the contemporary world which is full of economic, social and environmental conflicts. Secondly, it provides a theoretical framework how sustainable development law with its pillars can lead the world to sustainable peace. Thirdly, the three pillars, (-international economic law, international social law and international environmental law-), will be elaborated in relation to their intersection and sustainable development law.

Canada and the United States are two of the most energy-intensive countries in the world and have an immense impact upon their surrounding environment. Both countries have committed to contributing to the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, in accordance with the United Nations climate change regime. Their climate change-related energy policies do not, as yet, show any sign of achieving that objective, especially in light of the fact that greenhouse gas emissions are on the rise. This thesis consequently argues that not enough is being done by Canada-US to fulfill their commitments under the climate change-regime and tests that hypothesis.

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