Syftet med föreliggande studie är att bidra med kunskap om hur förskollärare ser på undervisning i samband med förskolans utomhusvistelse. I takt med att undervisningsbegreppet förstärkts i Läroplanen för förskolan (2018) anses det betydelsefullt att diskutera förskollärares uppfattningar om undervisning i samband med förskolans utomhusvistelse. För att uppnå syftet har studien utgått från tre centrala frågeställningar som berör utomhusvistelsen som undervisningsarena utifrån planerad och spontan undervisning. Genom intervjuer med sex verksamma förskollärare har deras uppfattningar och erfarenheter om undervisning i samband med utomhusvistelsen synliggjorts. Studiens resultat har analyserats utifrån tidigare forskning samt utifrån studiens grundläggande teoretiska perspektiv utvecklingspedagogiken och dess teoretiska begrepp lärandets objekt och lärandets akt. Studiens resultat visar att förskollärarna ser på utomhusvistelsen främst utifrån aspekterna andningspaus och undervisningstillfälle. Aspekten andningspaus lyfts mestadels som något negativt. Dock lyfts genom resultatet även ett positivt perspektiv på andningspausen, vilket påvisar att förskollärarnas syn på andningspausen påverkar både i vilken utsträckning som utomhusvistelsen kan bli ett undervisningstillfälle och om lärandets objekt blir synligt utomhus.  Resultatet pekar på att både planerad och spontan undervisning bedrivs utomhus, även om spontan undervisning är mest framträdande. Studiens slutsats är att undervisning bedrivs i stor utsträckning under förskolans utomhusvistelse och att utomhusvistelsen möjliggör en mångfald av lärande. / The purpose of this study is to contribute to knowledge, on how preschool teachers perceive teaching during the preschool outdoor activities. The teaching concept has been further strengthened in the latest Swedish preschool curriculum (Läroplanen för Förskolan, 2018). This, reinforces the importance of a deeper understanding of preschool teachers’ view on teaching during the preschool outdoor activities. Fulfilling its purpose, the present study departs from three main question areas: 1. related to outdoor activities as an arena for teaching, 2. planned verses, 3. spontaneous perspective. Through a series of interviews with six active preschool teachers, their view on teaching during preschool outdoor activities have been explored. The results of the study have been analyzed in conjunction with previous research, the theoretical perspective of the study, development pedagogics and its theoretical concepts as well as the object of learning and the acts of teaching. The results of this study suggest that preschool teachers perceive outdoor activities mainly as a break and an extra opportunity to teaching. The aspect of having a break is mainly expressed with a negative connotation, although further results also indicates a positive perspective on taking a break. On the notion of teaching during outdoor activities; the result point to that preschool teachers perception of having a break affects to what extent the outdoor activity becomes a teaching opportunity and if the objects of learning shine through in outdoor activities. Although both planned and spontaneous teachings are conducted, spontaneous teaching is more prominent. The conclusion of the study suggests that teaching is to a larger extent taking place during the preschool outdoor activities and that the outdoor activities provides an opportunity for diversity in teaching.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to clarify how pedagogues work with the new curriculum goal regarding reading and talking about text content in order to promote children's language development in various ways. Eight observations have been conducted and four qualitative interviews at four different preschools. Based on the socio-cultural perspective. The results show that preschool teachers have understood that reading aloud and talking about the read is important for children's language development, but the working method between the different preschools has varied.

Skollagen beskriver att undervisning är det arbete som förskolläraren genomför utifrån läroplanens mål. Studiens syfte är att undersöka och jämföra den planerade undervisningen i förskolan i två länder. Genom att jämföra svensk förskola med ukrainsk förskola blev det möjligt att identifiera likheter och skillnader mellan dessa länders sätt att bedriva planerad undervisning. Datan samlades in genom observationer och analysen genomfördes med hjälp av att kategorisera materialet utifrån de valda aspekterna; organsation, innehåll, barns delaktighet och inflytande samt miljö. Resultatet visade att undervisningen i svensk och ukrainsk förskola både hade likheter och skillnader. Likheterna var att båda länderna använde sig av sång, tidslängden var ungefär densamma och barnen blev delaktiga på liknande sätt. Skillnaderna handlade om att det kunde ingå fler undervisningstillfällen under en dag i Ukraina, medan det genomfördes en undervisning per dag i Sverige. Innehållet varierade eftersom den ukrainska undervisningen erbjöd barnen olika slags teman och moment och den svenska undervisningen arbetade längre med ett tema. Barnen fick ha mer inflytande under undervisningen i Sverige än i Ukraina. Avslutningsvis diskuterades möjligheten att studera ett annat land och vad forskaren behöver ta hänsyn till. Även likheterna och skillnaderna mellan länderna och hur de påverkas av landets kultur och tradition diskuterades. / The law of the school describes that education is the work which the preschool teacher accomplishes, based on goals from the curriculum. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the planned education in preschool in two countries. By comparing Swedish and Ukrainian preschool it became possible to identify similarities and differences between their ways to carry on education. The facts were collected through observations and the analysis accomplished by using the categorization scheme based on the chosen aspects; organization, substance, children’s participation and influence and also environment. The result showed that education in Sweden and in Ukraine both had similarities as well as differences. The similarities consisted of that both countries used songs, the time length of the education was nearly the same and the children got participation in similar ways. One difference was that in Ukraine there could be several occasions of education during one day, but in Sweden it was accomplished in one occasion of education. The substance varied a lot because the Ukrainian education offered different themes and items and the Swedish education was working longer with one and the same theme. Children got more influence in Sweden than in Ukraine. At the end the possibility of studying another country was discussed and what the researcher needs to take respect for. Also the similarities and the differences between the countries were discussed and how they got influenced by the culture and the tradition of the country.

Titel: Oändliga möjligheter i naturen - En intervjustudie om förskollärares uppfattning om lek och lärandet i naturen Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om förskollärarens syn på utomhuspedagogiken i naturen för att främja barns lek och lärande i förskolan. För att ge svar på syftet intervjuades fyra förskollärare om deras uppfattning av utomhuspedagogiken i naturen.Resultatet visar att utomhuspedagogiken är viktig för barns lek och lärande och att det finns oändligt med möjligheter i naturen och att läroplanens mål går lätt att göra utomhus. Det är bara förskollärarna själva som sätter gränserna. Förskollärarna tycker dock att det är viktigt att planera upp en aktivitet, så att det inte bara blir fri lek. De upplever också att de inte fått mycket undervisning om ämnet, vilket kan göra att de inte vet hur de ska ha utomhuspedagogik med barnen. Leken är grunden i förskolans verksamhet. Alla barn leker och genom leken så lär barnen sig och genom leken får barnen också ett lustfyllt lärande. Barnen lär sig lättare om de har roligt under leken. För att främja barnens lek och lärande utgår förskollärarna ifrån barnens intresse, för att komma åt det lustfyllda lärandet och ett lärande kan bli möjligt. / Title: Endless possibilities in nature - An interview study of preschool teachers' perceptions of play and learning in nature The purpose of the study is to contribute with knowledge about the preschool teacher's view of outdoor pedagogy in nature to promote children's play and learning in preschool. To provide an answer to the purpose, four preschool teachers were interviewed about their perception of outdoor pedagogy in nature. The results show that outdoor pedagogy is important for children's play and learning and that there are endless opportunities in nature and that the curriculum's goals are easy to do outdoors. Only the preschool teachers themselves set the boundaries. However, preschool teachers think that it is important to plan an activity, so that it does not just be free play. They also experience that they have not received much teaching on the subject, which may mean that they do not know how to have outdoor pedagogy with the children. Play is the basis of preschool activities. All children play and through play the children learn and through play the children also get a fun-filled learning. Children learn more easily if they have fun during play. To promote the children's play and learning, the preschool teachers start from the children's interest, to access the fun-filled learning and a learning can be possible.

This study aims to highlight the connection between what is stated within some of the regulatory documents that Swedish preschools are abided to follow, and how some preschool teachers choose to both interpret and work with them when working with discrimination based on ethnic background. The study is divided into two different themes, with the intention to first compare the content of several regulatory documents to detect what they say about the responsibilities of Swedish preschools when it comes to their work with discrimination based on ethnic background/racism. The second theme is based on qualitive interviews with four preschool teachers, with the intention to detect how the teachers relate and think about the given subject. We also aim to highlight differences and similarities between the regulatory documents and the thoughts and actual actions of the preschool teachers. Previous research shows that the common problem in interrupting discrimination based on ethnic background is that preschool teachers avoid bringing up the subject with their children. Mainly because preschool teachers feel they lack the tools and knowledge on how to teach children on the given subject. The consequence of their non-action is that instead of interrupting discrimination based on ethnic background, they contribute to its continuation. Our conclusion is that despite the good intensions that are expressed in most of the regulatory documents, not many preschool teachers have the practical knowledge on how to translate the words into action.

This essay aims to investigate what discourses and what forms of exercise of power that can appear in the description of intercultural work in the book Interkulturellt arbete i förskolan med läroplanen som grund (2019) by Jonas Stier & Bim Riddersporre. The entrance to the essay is a wonder about which discourses are actualized and whether they can be seen to contribute to the categorization of individuals being constructed and to norms being anchored on the basis of these categorizations. We also wonder how power relations emerge in relation to these discourses. Our research questions: 1. What discourses appear in the descriptions of intercultural work in the book Interkulturellt arbete i förskolan by Stier & Riddersporre? 2. What forms of power can be seen in these discourses that appear in the intercultural work in the book by Stier & Riddersporre?  The theoretical starting point for our analysis is discourse theory as it focuses on how the creation of discourses contributes to the design of different types of categorizations, power, and norms. This starting point becomes, when we analyze parts of Stier & Riddersporre's book, relevant to how and what positions individuals are attributed through the language used by the authors and educators. In the analysis, we also use Foucault's forms of power to highlight how the text's description of intercultural work through various forms of power imputes other individuals to an identity through the construction of discourses on ethnicity, gender and religion. Our results show inequalities in positions of power through categorizations, norms and values and that it’s difficult to know what really characterizes intercultural work.

Meals in Swedish preschools has undergone change between 2005 and 2020 regarding meals as important pedagogical tools. Due to new guidelines for conducting preschool meals presented by the Swedish Food Agency an increased focus has been placed on pedagogy during the meals to help develop the minds of young children. Previous research has shown that preschool staff had little to no education on food and meal or how to conduct pedagogical meals. To understand how the preschool staff, perceive the pedagogical meal and how it has changed over time, a convergent mixed method with a survey and interviews was used. The results showed that the staff does not have formal education on food, meal and how to conduct pedagogical meals, but instead rely on peer learning. They perceive themselves as role models in forming a positive relationship with the social and nutritional aspects of food and meal. While their job has many positive aspects, they face challenges with stress and increasing child groups. As the role of preschool staff has changed, from making sure children eat, to socially participating in the meal, the guidelines have changed alongside the role.

The purpose of this study is to clarify how pedagogues work with the new curriculum goal regarding reading and talking about text content in order to promote children's language development in various ways. Eight observations have been conducted and four qualitative interviews at four different preschools. Based on the socio-cultural perspective. The results show that preschool teachers have understood that reading aloud and talking about the read is important for children's language development, but the working method between the different preschools has varied. / Syftet med den här studien är att synliggöra hur utbildade förskollärare förhåller sig till och arbetar utifrån målet i den senaste läroplanen (Lpfö18) angående högläsning och samtal kring det lästa för att utveckla språklig medvetenhet  och ordkunskap hos de äldre barnen. Åtta observationer och fyra kvalitativa intervjuer på fyra olika förskolor har genomförts. Studien tar teoretisk utgångspunkt i det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärande som beskrivs av Vygotskij. Resultaten visar att förskollärarna har liknande uppfattningar angående högläsning och samtal kring det lästa avseende värdet för barnens utveckling av språklig medvetenhet. Dock har arbetssättet för att nå detta mål varierat bland de olika förskolorna.