The aim of this thesis is to introduce the The National Archival Collection of the Czech Republic (CR NKF). The library collection is absolutely unique in its main objective that is to collect all Czech and foreign bohemical printed and non-printed documents, including journals since 1901. This thesis aims to introduce this collection both in a historical and current context, especially via library line or through ongoing projects in cooperation with the CR NKF. In the end, the work exaplains long-term protection and preservation of modern library collections in foreign countries and compares it with the situation in the NKF in the Czech Republic.

This work presents the building up of basic biological units DNA, RNA and proteins as well as their function. Provided data are kept in biological databases which are connected worldwide to supply preferable communication along with all kinds of available information to be used in the scientific research. The secret of alive is hidden in genes coded in sequences of nucleotides. Genes enable the creation of proteins which are made of sequences of amino-acids. The wide-spread methods of comparing these sequences are FASTA and BLAST algorithms. Their base is used for the PSProt program which is described in this work. PSProt program is the tool for comparing the sequences of proteins. First it is necessary to synthesise the protein from the DNA oligonucleotide because it codes the surveyed protein. The most similar proteins are searched out by heuristic of hitpoints, then their final score that is essential for aligning is modified by semiglobal alignment algorithm.

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The thesis of this study is that indigenous Tsonga literature forms a valid and authoritative commentary on missionary Christianity. In this study, the value of literary works by selected Tsonga writers is explored in three basic directions: (a) as a commentary on missionary Christianity, (b) as a source of and challenge to missiology, and (c) as a source of a Black missiology of 1 i berat ion. The momentous intervention of Swiss missionaries amongst the Vatsonga, through the activities of the Swiss Mission in South Africa (SMSA) must be granted. Similarly, its abiding influence formerly in the Tsonga Presbyterian Church (TPC), now the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in South Africa (EPCSA), the Vatsonga in general and Tsonga literature in particular must be recognized. But our missiological task is to problematise and explore both missionary instrumentality and local responses variously and creatively. The first chapter introduces the thesis, central issues of historiography and ideology as well as an introductory history of the SMSA. In the second chapter, the commentary of Tsonga writers through the media of historical and biographical works on missionary Christianity is sketched. Selected Tsonga novels become the object of inquiry in the third chapter. The novels come very close to a direct evaluation of missionary Christianity. They contain commentary on a wide variety of issues in mission. The fourth chapter concentrates on two Tsonga plays and a number of Tsonga poems. In the one play, missionary Christianity is likened to garments that are too sho· ~' whilst in the other, missionary Christianity is contemptuously ignored and excluded - recognition granted only to the religion and gods of the Vatsonga. The fifth and final chapter contains the essential commentary of indigenous Tsonga literature on missionary Christianity as well as the implications for both global and local missiology. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

Die vorliegende MTh-Dissertation ist eine missionsgeschichtliche Untersuchung, welche ausge-hend von primären Quellen die Anfangsgeschichte der Heilsarmee und deren Mission im Basel-biet von 1887 bis 1901 erforscht. Die Heilsarmee war eine Bewegung, die missionarisch ausge-prägt offensiv tätig war. Im ersten Hauptteil wird ihre Anfangsgeschichte chronologisch in drei Phasen dargestellt: Pionier-, Repressions- und Etablierungsphase. Im zweiten Hauptteil wird sys-tematisch deren Mission analysiert und erörtert. Der Fokus liegt einerseits auf der konkreten Mis-sionspraxis, gefragt wird aber auch nach den missionstheologischen Überzeugungen, welche den missionarischen Aktivitäten zugrunde lagen. Die Dissertation zeigt die Hintergründe einer offen-siven, anfänglich primär auf das ‚Seelenheil‘ zielenden Missionspraxis der Heilsarmee und auch die damit verbundenen Probleme, welche sich in Ablehnung, Widerständen und staatlicher Re-pression äußerten. Es wird auch gezeigt, wie die Heilsarmee zunehmend ein ganzheitliches Heils-verständnis und eine Missionspraxis entwickelte, welche den ganzen Menschen vor Augen hat: Seele und Leib. Dieser ganzheitliche Ansatz von Mission verhalf der Heilsarmee zu zunehmender Akzeptanz / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th. (Missiology)

Hugo Loetscher (1929-2009) a joué un rôle important dans la littérature suisse alémanique du 20e siècle. On lui accole souvent l’étiquette de « cosmopolite suisse », tant il a réussi le pari de s’intéresser au vaste monde sans jamais renier son milieu et son pays d’origine. L’essai dont il est question ici, äs tischört und plutschins. Über das Unreine in der Sprache, eine helvetische Situierung, adopte une perspective suisse pour proposer une réflexion sur le lien entre langue, littérature et nation, sur la place des langues minoritaires dans le monde globalisé et sur l’idéal – critiquable selon Loetscher – de « pureté » linguistique. Ce mémoire, en plus de présenter une traduction de l’essai de Loetscher, qui était jusqu’à ce jour inédit en français, réfléchit à l’actualité de ce texte dans le contexte québécois et au processus de traduction d’un auteur suisse germanophone pour un public francophone diversifié, en s’appuyant sur les théories de la stylistique comparée d’Alfred Malblanc et du skopos de Katharina Reiß et Hans J. Vermeer. Notre étude se penche d’une part sur le rôle d’éléments péritextuels comme les notes de bas de page qui, dans le processus d’adaptation, permettent au translatum, c’est-à-dire au résultat de l’acte de traduction, au texte cible, de respecter son objectif de départ, son skopos. D’autre part, l’analyse aborde la question d’une possible utilisation de régionalismes (québécois ou suisses) dans un translatum en français standard dont le texte source porte lui-même sur la diversité linguistique et les variantes régionales et dialectales. / Hugo Loetscher (1929-2009) has played an important role in Swiss-German literature of the 20th century. He is often described as a “Swiss cosmopolitan” because of the way he managed to stay interested in what was happening in the whole wide world without ever disowning his social background and his country of origin. This thesis examines an essay, äs tischört und plutschins. Über das Unreine in der Sprache, eine helvetische Situierung, which adopts a Swiss perspective to deal with the relationship between language, literature and nation – the place of minority languages in the globalized world and on the ideal of linguistic “purity” deemed questionable by Loetscher Besides proposing a translation of Loetscher’s essay still unpublished in French, this thesis explores the pertinence of the aforementioned text in the current context in Québec and the translation process of a Swiss German author’s text for a diverse francophone public based on the theories of Alfred Malblanc (comparative stylistics), Katharina Reiß and Hans J. Vermeer (skopos theory). The study addresses on the one hand the role of peritextual elements, such as footnotes, for the adaptation process, allowing the translatum, the target text as a result of the translation act, to meet its initial goal; its skopos. On the other hand, the study reflects on the use of (québécois or Swiss) regionalisms in a translatum that is in standard French, how they relate to the source text’s focus on linguistic diversity, and regional and dialectal variations. / Hugo Loetscher (1929-2009) spielte eine wichtige Rolle in der deutschschweizerischen Literatur des 20. Jh. Oft wird er als „kosmopolitischer Schweizer“ beschrieben, da es ihm so gut gelungen ist, sich für die weite Welt zu interessieren, ohne seine Heimat zu verleugnen. Das in dieser Arbeit behandelte Essay – äs tischört und plutschins. Über das Unreine in der Sprache, eine helvetische Situierung – bietet eine schweizerische Perspektive auf die Beziehung zwischen Sprache, Literatur und Nation, die Stellung von Minderheitensprachen in der globalisierten Welt und das von Loetscher kritisierte Ideal einer „reinen“ Sprache an. Nach einer Übersetzung des im Französischen bisher unveröffentlichten Essays fokussiert diese Arbeit die Relevanz dieses Werkes im quebecischen Kontext und, anhand der Stylistique comparée von Alfred Malblanc und der Skopos-Theorie von Katharina Reiß und Hans J. Vermeer, den Übersetzungsprozess eines Deutschschweizer Autoren für ein vielfältiges französischsprachiges Publikum. Einerseits wird die Rolle peritextueller Elemente, u.a. Fußnoten, im Übersetzungsprozess analysiert, welche die Erfüllung des skopos – der Zweck – vom translatum – der Zieltext – ermöglichen. Andererseits wird eine mögliche Verwendung von (quebecischen oder helvetischen) Regionalismen in einem Standardfranzösischen Translat in Bezug auf sprachliche Vielfalt und regionale und dialektale Variationen behandelt.

Les nouvelles technologies et l’arrivée de l’Internet ont considérablement facilité les échanges transnationaux de données entre les entreprises publiques et/ou privées et également entre les personnes elles-mêmes. Cependant cette révolution numérique n’a pas été sans conséquences sur l’utilisation de nos données personnelles puisque cette abondance de données à la portée de tiers peut conduire à des atteintes : la commercialisation des données personnelles sans le consentement de l’intéressé par des entreprises ou encore la diffusion de sa photographie, de son nom, de son prénom à son insu en sont des exemples. La question qui vient alors se poser est en cas de litige, c’est-à-dire en cas d’atteintes au droit à la protection de nos données personnelles, présentant un ou des éléments d’extranéité, quels tribunaux pouvons-nous saisir ? Et quelle est la loi qui sera applicable ? Les droits québécois, de l’Union européenne, et suisse présentent différents critères de rattachement intéressants et adaptés à des situations prenant place hors et sur internet. Le droit commun de chacun de ces systèmes est envisagé, puis appliqué aux données personnelles dans le cadre d’une situation normale, et ensuite à internet si la situation diffère. La doctrine est également analysée dans la mesure où certaines solutions sont tout à fait intéressantes, et cela notamment sur internet. Un premier chapitre est consacré à la compétence internationale des tribunaux et aux critères de rattachement envisageables en droit commun à savoir notamment : le tribunal de l’État de survenance du préjudice, le tribunal de l’État de la faute ou encore le tribunal du domicile de la victime. Et ceux prévus ou non par la doctrine tels que l’accessibilité et le ciblage par exemple. Les conflits de lois sont étudiés dans un deuxième chapitre avec également l’énumération les différents facteurs de rattachement envisageables en droit commun comme la loi de l’État du préjudice, la loi de l’État de la faute ou encore la loi de l’État favorisant la victime. Et également ceux prévus par la doctrine : la loi de l’État « offrant la meilleure protection des données à caractère personnel » ou encore la loi de l’État où est établi le « maître du fichier ». Le tribunal le plus compétent au regard des principes généraux de droit international privé en cas d’atteintes au droit de la protection des données personnelles hors et sur internet est le tribunal de l’État du domicile de la victime. Et la meilleure loi applicable est la loi de l’État du domicile ou de la résidence principale du demandeur et du défendeur à l’instance, et dans le cas où la situation ne présente pas d’éléments d’extranéité, la meilleure loi est la loi favorisant la victime. / New technologies and the rising of the Internet boosted international data trade between public and/or private companies and even between individuals. However, this digital revolution is coming with its consequences: this exchange of data leads to personal data transactions (personal information or pictures for example) without users’ will. In case of violation of personal data, it is still unclear how to bring a case before the courts? Which Law is applicable? Quebec Law, European Union Law and Swiss Legislation show similarities in real life and on the internet. First, we consider the common law, then personal data real life and on the Internet if there are any differences. The conceptual doctrine is also analysed as it reveals new Internet specific issues. The first chapter tackles the international jurisdiction of the courts, potential criteria of ordinary law: the court where the damage occurs, the court where the conduct occurred or the court where the plaintiff lives; and those that are and are not covered by the doctrine as the accessibility and the targeting for example. Law conflicts and multiple potential criteria of ordinary law are studied in the second chapter. The State of the damage, the State of the misconduct and the State that benefit to the victim among others. The regulation that ensures the best personal data protection and the law that identifies the file master. From the international private law perspective, the most competent court is the one located in the State where the plaintiff is living when damage occurs. And the best regulation to follow is the he law of the country of domicile or the law of the law that promotes and protects the victim.

This dissertation studies the role of sterling during the Bretton Woods period (1944-1971). The Bretton Woods system has often been described as a dollar system with sterling having lost its relevance as reserve currency. However, despite being a secondary reserve currency and having lost importance, sterling was the 'first line of defence for the dollar' as contemporaries put it. They frequently stressed the fact that a sterling crisis would have consequences on the stability of the Bretton Woods system but economic historians have never tested this empirically. This dissertation argues that sterling played an important role in the stability of the international monetary system. Foreign exchange market participants globally monitored sterling and US policymaker stepped in to avoid devaluation of the British currency. US support to sterling was mainly due to the fear of a British devaluation, which could trigger a run on the dollar. When the UK finally devalued the pound in 1967, it marked the beginning of an instable period for the international monetary system. The Gold Pool, a syndicate to defend the US gold parity, collapsed in 1968 and this prefigured the end of the Bretton Woods system. This dissertation presents new data along with novel archival material from seven archives across continents to demonstrate how contagion from sterling to the dollar occurred. Modern econometric methods are used to analyse a new dataset with over 80,000 observations of offshore exchange rates, central bank intervention and reserves. This evidence shows that a secondary reserve currency can still play a key role in the stability of the international monetary system.

Raymond Saleilles (1855-1912) és considerat pels comparatistes com pare del dret comparat modern. De fet fou el màxim responsable de l'organització del primer congrés internacional de dret comparat a París el 1900. L'època marcada per la internacionalització dels intercanvis, la crisi del mètode jurídic francès i el repte de la codificació alemanya i suïssa motivà alguns juristes a buscar noves formes d'estudiar el dret. Saleilles defensava pel dret comparat un mètode, un objecte i un fi propis i autònoms diferents dels que fins ara tenien la dogmàtica jurídica o l'estudi de la legislació estrangera. El mètode tenia els seus fonaments en la sociologia i la història. L'objectiu del dret comparat havia de ser la construcció d'un ideal "droit commun de l'humanité civilisée". Aquest dret comú havia de ser construït no només per la doctrina sinó també per la jurisprudència i el legislador. / Raymond Saleilles (1855-1912) is considered by many comparatists as the father of modern comparative law. Saleilles had a great responsibility in the organization of the first International Congress on comparative Law in Paris in 1900. This event is still today considered as the foundation moment of modern comparative law.Saleilles' times were those of the internationalization of exchanges, of the crisis of the "Exegèse" Method and of the new challenging German and Swiss civil codification.Saleilles tried to build a new discipline, comparative law, with its own method, object and aim. This method had its basis on sociology and history and tried to break the national and scientifical fences of Jurisprudence.

The thesis of this study is that indigenous Tsonga literature forms a valid and authoritative commentary on missionary Christianity. In this study, the value of literary works by selected Tsonga writers is explored in three basic directions: (a) as a commentary on missionary Christianity, (b) as a source of and challenge to missiology, and (c) as a source of a Black missiology of 1 i berat ion. The momentous intervention of Swiss missionaries amongst the Vatsonga, through the activities of the Swiss Mission in South Africa (SMSA) must be granted. Similarly, its abiding influence formerly in the Tsonga Presbyterian Church (TPC), now the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in South Africa (EPCSA), the Vatsonga in general and Tsonga literature in particular must be recognized. But our missiological task is to problematise and explore both missionary instrumentality and local responses variously and creatively. The first chapter introduces the thesis, central issues of historiography and ideology as well as an introductory history of the SMSA. In the second chapter, the commentary of Tsonga writers through the media of historical and biographical works on missionary Christianity is sketched. Selected Tsonga novels become the object of inquiry in the third chapter. The novels come very close to a direct evaluation of missionary Christianity. They contain commentary on a wide variety of issues in mission. The fourth chapter concentrates on two Tsonga plays and a number of Tsonga poems. In the one play, missionary Christianity is likened to garments that are too sho· ~' whilst in the other, missionary Christianity is contemptuously ignored and excluded - recognition granted only to the religion and gods of the Vatsonga. The fifth and final chapter contains the essential commentary of indigenous Tsonga literature on missionary Christianity as well as the implications for both global and local missiology. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)