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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Mudanças de regimes na função de reação do Banco Central do Brasil: uma abordagem utilizando markov regime switching

Rodrigues, Wellington Gonçalves January 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Wellington Gonçalves Rodrigues (wgrodrig@gmail.com) on 2015-08-25T05:50:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Wellington_Rodrigues_Final.pdf: 461618 bytes, checksum: 3cd66ac5a3470a56ed4bc6b0442878ca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2015-08-25T16:26:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Wellington_Rodrigues_Final.pdf: 461618 bytes, checksum: 3cd66ac5a3470a56ed4bc6b0442878ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-25T16:59:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Wellington_Rodrigues_Final.pdf: 461618 bytes, checksum: 3cd66ac5a3470a56ed4bc6b0442878ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The goal of this paper is to identify the occurrence, duration and transition probabilities of different monetary policy regimes in Brazil since the implementation of the inflation-targeting regime in 1999. To estimate the reaction function of the Central Bank of Brazil, a forward looking Taylor Rule for an open economy is adopted and a Markov Regime Switching methodology applied in order to allow for endogenous regime switches in monetary policy. The results indicate the presence of three distinct monetary policy regimes since the implementation of the inflation-targeting regime in Brazil. The first regime occurs during 21% of the studied period and is characterized by a discretionary approach not following the Taylor Rule and a stronger focus in the reaction to the output gap. A balance in the weights given to the output gap and inflation expectations deviation from target and the adherence to the Taylor Rule characterizes the second regime, which is present in 67% of the time. The third regime is characterized not only by its adherence to the Taylor Rule but also by a stronger focus in the reaction to the deviation of inflation expectations from the target, being present in 12% of time. / O presente trabalho busca identificar a ocorrência, duração e probabilidades de transição de diferentes regimes na condução da política monetária no Brasil a partir da implantação do sistema de metas de inflação em 1999. A estimação da função de reação do Banco Central do Brasil é realizada a partir de uma Regra de Taylor forward looking para uma economia aberta, onde utilizamos a metodologia Markov Regime Switching para caracterizar de forma endógena os diferentes regimes de política monetária. Os resultados obtidos indicam a ocorrência de três regimes distintos de política monetária a partir da implantação do sistema de metas de inflação no Brasil. O primeiro regime ocorre durante 21% do período estudado e se caracteriza pela não aderência ao princípio de Taylor e discricionariedade da autoridade monetária, que reage demonstrando maior sensibilidade ao hiato do produto. O segundo regime é o de maior duração, ocorre durante 67% do período estudado, e se caracteriza pela aderência ao princípio de Taylor e equilíbrio nos pesos atribuídos pelo Banco Central tanto ao hiato do produto como ao desvio das expectativas de inflação com relação à meta. Já o terceiro regime ocorre durante 12% do período estudado e se caracteriza não somente pela aderência ao princípio de Taylor, como também por uma maior aversão ao desvio das expectativas de inflação com relação à meta.
2

Pricing of Corporate Loan : Credit Risk and Liquidity cost / Valorisation des prêts : risque de credit et coût de Liquidité

Papin, Timothée 25 September 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse étudie la valorisation des prêts en fonction du risque de crédit, du coût de liquidité et de l’option de prépaiement. Un prêt émis par une banque pour un de ses clients corporate est un accord financier qui est souvent plus flexible qu’un prêt au particulier. Ces options permettent ainsi de répondre aux attentes de leur client, par exemple avec l’option de prépaiement qui permet au client, s’il le souhaite, rembourser par anticipation une partie ou l’intégralité de son emprunt.Le prépaiement est la principale option et il fait l’objet d’une étude dans cette thèse. Afin de décider si l’exercice de l’option est profitable l’emprunteur compare les paiements restants avec le montant restant dû de son prêt. Si la somme des paiements restants est supérieure au montant nominal alors il est optimal pour l’emprunteur de refinancer sa dette à un taux d’intérêt inférieur. Pour une banque, l’option de prépaiement est essentiellement un risque de réinvestissement, ie. le risque qu’un emprunteur décide de prépayer et que la banque ne puisse pas réinvestir son excès de liquidité dans un nouveau prêt avec les mêmes caractéristiques.La résolution du problème de l’option de prépaiement peut être modélisée comme une option américaine sur la dette de l’emprunteur. Nous avons choisi dans cette thèse de valoriser le prix d’un prêt et de son option de prépaiement par une résolution d’un modèle EDP plutôt qu’un modèle d’arbres binomiaux (chronophage) ou que des techniques de Monte-Carlo (problème de convergence). / This PhD thesis investigates the pricing of a corporate loan according to the credit risk, the liquidity cost and the embedded prepayment option. A loan contract issued by a bank for its corporate clients is a financial agreement that often comes with more flexibility than a retail loan contract. These options are designed to meet clients’ expectations and can include e.g., a prepayment option (which entitles the client, if he desires so, to pay all or a fraction of its loan earlier than the maturity). The prepayment is the main option and it will be study in this thesis. In order to decide whether the exercise of the option is worthwhile the borrower compares the remaining payments with the outstanding amount of the loan. If the remaining payments exceed the nominal value then it is optimal for the borrower to refinance his debt at a lower rate. For a bank, the prepayment option is essentially a reinvestment risk, i.e. the risk that the borrower decides to repay earlier his/her loan and that the bank cannot reinvest his/her excess of cash in a new loan with same characteristics.The valuation problem of the prepayment option can be modelled as an embedded compound American option on a risky debt owned by the borrower. We choose in this thesis to price a loan and its prepayment option by resolving the associated PDE instead of binomial trees (time-consuming) or Monte Carlo techniques (slow to converge).
3

Pricing of Corporate Loan : Credit Risk and Liquidity cost

Papin, Timothée 25 September 2013 (has links) (PDF)
This PhD thesis investigates the pricing of a corporate loan according to the credit risk, the liquidity cost and the embedded prepayment option. A loan contract issued by a bank for its corporate clients is a financial agreement that often comes with more flexibility than a retail loan contract. These options are designed to meet clients' expectations and can include e.g., a prepayment option (which entitles the client, if he desires so, to pay all or a fraction of its loan earlier than the maturity). The prepayment is the main option and it will be study in this thesis. In order to decide whether the exercise of the option is worthwhile the borrower compares the remaining payments with the outstanding amount of the loan. If the remaining payments exceed the nominal value then it is optimal for the borrower to refinance his debt at a lower rate. For a bank, the prepayment option is essentially a reinvestment risk, i.e. the risk that the borrower decides to repay earlier his/her loan and that the bank cannot reinvest his/her excess of cash in a new loan with same characteristics.The valuation problem of the prepayment option can be modelled as an embedded compound American option on a risky debt owned by the borrower. We choose in this thesis to price a loan and its prepayment option by resolving the associated PDE instead of binomial trees (time-consuming) or Monte Carlo techniques (slow to converge).
4

Dynamic hedging in Markov regimes

Monteiro, Wagner Oliveira 02 October 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:58:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 2006 - Wagner_Oliveira_ Monteiro_02_10_2008.pdf.jpg: 17677 bytes, checksum: 012a0852290fa51f423a5a8ec7534ea5 (MD5) 2006 - Wagner_Oliveira_ Monteiro_02_10_2008.pdf: 450170 bytes, checksum: ea37b352c4028dd1c20da87d3f3badf2 (MD5) 2006 - Wagner_Oliveira_ Monteiro_02_10_2008.pdf.txt: 55718 bytes, checksum: 579a00e43cb84159205c5d87713ad640 (MD5) license.txt: 4884 bytes, checksum: de2d265ed2868529ac27feb118588da8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-02T00:00:00Z / This dissertation proposes a bivariate markov switching dynamic conditional correlation model for estimating the optimal hedge ratio between spot and futures contracts. It considers the cointegration between series and allows to capture the leverage efect in return equation. The model is applied using daily data of future and spot prices of Bovespa Index and R$/US$ exchange rate. The results in terms of variance reduction and utility show that the bivariate markov switching model outperforms the strategies based ordinary least squares and error correction models.
5

Construção de um índice de cointegração e utilização do modelo de regimes Markovianos de conversão para a identificação de risco e retorno: evidência a partir de ações na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo

Almeida, Patrícia Marília Ricomini e 09 March 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:25:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Marilia Ricomini e Almeida.pdf: 585196 bytes, checksum: d95885c7a4db627bc6882b2064a1efeb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-09 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / One of the most popular subjects in finance is about the search and the learning of the securities return generation process and originate with the publication of Bachelier s thesis, in 1900. In 1978, Jensen affirmed that, any strategy of business, that produces economic profits in a consistent way, discounted the risk, for a sufficient long period, observing the transaction costs, consist in evidence against market efficiency. However, occurs that empirical evidences, mainly as from 60 s decade, have verified a succession of events, that originate production of literary work in finance: conglomerate of volatility, no normality of returns, negative asymmetry, excess of kurtosis and stochastic volatility. As result of these verifications, theories arose, especially of economic nature, about the characteristic nonlinear of the data, as rational speculative bubble. This paper examines the performance of a general dynamic equity indexing strategy based on cointegration, from a market efficiency perspective, observing the different levels of risk and regimes. The identification of these regimes auto regressive in the process of generating returns in the Brazilian Market, especially in Bovespa, for the Plano Real period (January of 1995 to September of 2004), will be elaborated trough a Markov Switching Model. With this model, is possible to identify the nonlinear structure of the data and it is relation to the conditional mean and conditional variance. As result the dynamics of the data generation process, the returns can be described as function of the growth cycle ("bull markets") and decrease ("bear markets"). / Um dos mais populares assuntos em finanças trata da pesquisa e estudo do processo de geração de retornos de títulos, tendo sua origem com a publicação da tese de Bachelier, em 1900. Em 1978, Jensen afirmou que, qualquer estratégia de negócio, que produza de forma consistente ganho econômico, já descontado o risco, por um período suficientemente longo, considerando os custos de transação, constitui-se em uma evidência contra eficiência de mercado. A eficiência de mercado, portanto, pode ser traduzida para a hipótese de que o valor esperado do excesso da taxa de retorno é, na média, igual a zero, quando se leva em consideração uma medida de probabilidade que desconta o prêmio pelo risco, dado um conjunto de informações (históricas, públicas ou privadas). Todavia, ocorre que as evidências empíricas, principalmente a partir da década de sessenta, têm constatado uma série de fatos, que deram origem a uma vasta literatura em finanças: conglomerados de volatilidade, não normalidade dos retornos, assimetria negativa, excesso de curtose, volatilidade estocástica, auto- regressividade dos retornos e da volatilidade, anomalias de mercado relacionadas com a sazonalidade ou com o funcionamento dos mercados, anomalias de mercado relacionadas ao tamanho da empresa e a sua estrutura de capital, processo de reversão para o retorno médio e valores extremos. Em função dessas constatações, surgiram teorias, especialmente de natureza econômica, sobre a característica não linear dos dados, tais como: modismos, manias e pânicos e bolhas especulativas racionais. Um dos objetivos do presente estudo consiste em elaborar uma estratégia ativa baseada na construção de um Índice de Cointegração, considerando-se os diferentes níveis de riscos e de regimes auto regressivo. A identificação desses regimes no processo de geração de retornos no mercado brasileiro de ações na BOVESPA, para o período pós Plano Real (janeiro de 1995 a setembro de 2004) será elaborado através do Modelo de Regimes de Conversão de Markov. A utilização desse modelo de regimes permite identificar a estrutura não linear dos dados seja em relação à média condicional, seja em relação à variância condicional. Como resultado, a dinâmica do processo de geração poderá ser função de ciclos de crescimento persistente ( bull markets ) e de não crescimento ( bear markets ).

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