This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of poly[ oxy(2-acetyl-1,4-phenyl ene) oxyterephthal oyl]. In our first attempt to synthesize the polymer, a high temperature polycondensation technique was used. This was done by polyesterification of 2-acetylhydroquinone and terephthaloyl chloride in o-dichlorobenzene. The first polymer was designated OBl-1. In our next attempt to make the polymer, OBl-2, we reacted the 2-acetyl hydroqui none with terephthal oyl chloride using a 50: 50 mixture of pyridine and chloroform as a sol vent. OBl-3 was synthesized using TCE (tetrachloroethane) as a solvent and a catalytic amount of pyridine in the reaction of the 2-acetylhydroquinone and terephthaloyl chloride. Our attempt to melt polymerize terephthalic acid. and 2-acetylhydroquinone di acetate was unsuccessful. These polymers were characterized by 13c NMR, lH NMR, FTIR (IR), polarizing optical microscopy, DSC, solubility, and solution viscometry.

No description available.

Since Djerassi and Scholz found that 2-(aryloxy-methyl)imidazolines and their hydrochloride salts exhibit vasoconstrictive properties, the 1,2-(I) 1,3-(II) and 1,4-bis-(2-imidazolinylmethoxy) benzene (III) analogs (Fig. 1, p.2) were chosen for synthesis in order to test them for their effective vasoconstrictive characteristics and for whatever other physiological properties they might exhibit.

The research described herein is concerned with the synthesis of certain organic compounds which have the amino-oxy grouping and are related in structure to the naturally occurring amines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine.

The primary objective of this work was to prepare dichloroketene.

This study focus on synthesis of novel compounds as potential agents for the therapy of mycoses. The following four novel compounds were synthesized: 1-(4-(octylsulfanyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)guanidine, 1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-(octylsulfanyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)guanidine, 1-(4-(decylsulfanyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylguanidine, 3-(4-(decylsulfanyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-1,1-dimethylguanidine. All intermediary and final crystalline products formed were thoroughly purified and characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Melting points. Structures were elucidated on the basis of Infrared (IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 1- (4-(octylsulfanyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)guanidine was evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity on different fungal and bacterial strains.

Pathological fungi carry the ability to cause serious medical problems and moreover cause various diseases. Drug therapy and new active compounds against these medical problems are still being researched. The long-term objective is to uncover the active compounds at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University. In our study, we synthesized 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1,1-diethylguanidine, and 2 novel compounds: 3-(4- dodecylsulfanylphenyl)-1,1-diethylguanidine and 3-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1- diethylguanidine. We also studied the oxidation of 1-(4- tetradecylsulfanylphenyl)guanidinium nitrate, thus, making it the third novel compound 1-(4-tetradecylsulfonylphenyl)guanidinium nitrate we synthesized.

This thesis investigates ways in which a nanoscale production line may be built from synthetic DNA components. One property of a production line is motion, the coordinated movement of components, in this case strands of DNA, between specific locations. Another property is the ability to assemble a product, where smaller molecular building blocks are attached to D A and react when brought together by the DNA assembly line. An important fea- ture of either task is the ability of the mechanism to proceed with minimum user interaction: it is preferable that the assembly line be autonomous. The challenges and design principles of molecular machines working in nano- scale environments are first considered. Previous studies demonstrating the use of synthetic DNA not only as a self-assembling material to build nano- structures, but also to coordinate motion, are summarized. All DNA nano- machines that operate through the exchange of DNA strands are coordinated by toeholds. A 'split toehold', one that combines two smaller toeholds on distal sections of DNA held in proximity, is proposed as a way to allow a single cargo strand to interact with many different components. A molecular motor is then developed that transports a cargo between track locations. The fuel strands are hairpins, that carry instructions directing the cargo to the next anchorage. The switching of cargo direction in response to the chemical environment is also investigated. Two mechanisms that may allow the autonomous assembly of components are investigated, one of which is demonstrated using DNA-linked cleavable molecular building blocks. Further extensions to the mechanism are investi- gated, for example, the ability to use the DNA mechanism itself as a barcode containing information on the order of assembled ingredients.

In 2006, Baker reported the isolation of palmerolide A, a polyketide derived marine macrolide, from the Antarctic tunicate Synoicum adareanum collected in the shallow waters surrounding Anvers Island. This unique macrolide displayed potent levels of cytotoxic activity in the human melanoma cell lines (UACC-62, LC₅₀ = 18 nM and M14 LC₅₀ = 76 nM), while also inhibiting V ATPase with an IC₅₀ of 2 nM. There have been eight further palmerolides isolated from Synoicum adareanum, which have been shown to possess cytotoxicity activity. The synthetic route devised for palmerolide A, utilised a convergent approach relying on the initial synthesis of three subunits. These subunits were to be coupled via a Horner-Wadsworth Emmons reaction, a Julia-Kocienski olefination, then followed by formation of the macrolcycle. This approach offers both flexibility and convergence, as alterations to the subunits would give access to other members of the palmerolide family and their analogues such as palmerolide E.

The aim of the work described in this thesis was to prepare polymers of structure I (SiMe2(CH2)yC(CN)2(CH2)ySiMe2O)n (y &'61 1, 2 or 3). Chapters 1 provides an introduction to the work. Methods for producing diadducts of malononitrile, which were central to the synthesis of I (y &'61 1, 2 or 3), are reported in Chapter 2. For the nucleophilic attack of allyl chloride by sodium, calcium and ammonium salts of malononitrile, polar aprotic solvents such as DMSO, sulpholane and liquid ammonia provided the best yields. During this work a GLC technique was developed for following the progress of the reaction. The results obtained revealed that both the mono- and diadducts of malononitrile were formed in the early stages of the reaction. This technique also demonstrated that calcium hydride gave better yields of diadduct than sodium hydride. The synthesis of I (y &61 3) is reported in Chapter 3. The stages were; i) synthesis of diallyl malononitrile, ii) hydrosilylation of the diadduct with dimethylchlorosilane, iii) hydrolysis of the resultant product to give (HOSiMe2CH2CH2CH2)2C(CN)2, and iv) the polymerization of the disilanol with various catalysts. Chapter 4 covers the attempt at the synthesis of I (y &'61 2). The diadduct (CH2&'61 CH)2C(CN)2 was synthesized by a variation on the Michael addition reaction. However, the both the yield and purity of the product were low. This led to poisoning of the platinum catalyst in the hydrosilylation reaction that followed. The attempts at the synthesis of polymer I (y &'61 1) are described in Chapter 5. Attempts to produce (HSiMe2CH2)2C(CN)2 were hindered by the low reactivity of HSiMe2CH2Cl. Further attempts were made to produce I (y &'61 1) by the ring-opening polymerization of a nitrile containing cyclic disiloxane.