Le relayage cognitif multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) hérite l’efficacité spectrale de la radiocognitive et les systèmes de relayage MIMO, apportant ainsi des gains prometteurs en termes de débit dedonnées et de fiabilité pour les futures communications sans fil et mobiles. Dans cette thèse, nous concevons et évaluons des schémas pratiques d’émetteurs et de récepteurs pour des systèmes de relayage MIMO cognitifs qui peuvent être mis en oeuvre à moindre coût. Tout d'abord, nous réduisons l'affaiblissement du débit du mode half-duplex du relayage MIMO amplify-and-forward non-orthogonale(NAF) large bande avec demande de répétition automatique (ARQ). Différemment des travaux de recherche existants, le protocole de relayage proposé ne nécessite que la durée de transmission d’un seul paquet sur des canaux sélectifs en fréquence. De plus, nous proposons une conception de réception itérative à complexité réduite pour cette classe de protocoles, entraînant ainsi une amélioration significative des performances de transmission de bout-en-bout. Deuxièmement, nous nous concentrons sur les systèmes de relayage cognitive de partage du spectre single-input multiple-output (SIMO) et évaluons l’impact des contraintes d’interférence instantanée et statistique sur la qualité de leur probabilité de coupure. Nos résultats révèlent que l’imposition d’une contrainte statistique sur la puissance d’émission du système secondaire est plus favorable que son adversaire consommatrice de spectre. Troisièmement, nous capitalisons sur notre deuxième contribution pour étudier les systèmes de relayage MIMO decode-and-forward (DF) cognitifs utilisant la sélection d'antenne à l’émission (TAS) ainsi que le maximum-ratio combining (MRC) à la réception. Basés sur la maximisation du rapport signal-sur-bruit (SNR) ou du rapport signal-sur-interférence-plus-bruit (SINR), nos résultats de probabilité de coupure nouvellement dérivés pour les deux stratégies proposées de TAS démontre l’optimalité du système de sélection d’antenne basé sur le SINR par rapport aux effets néfastes d’interférence mutuelle dans les systèmes de relayage MIMO DF cognitifs. / Cognitive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relaying inherits the spectrum usage efficiency from both cognitive radio and MIMO relay systems, thereby bearing promising gains in terms of data rate and reliability for future wireless and mobile communications. In this dissertation, we design and evaluate practical transmitter and receiver schemes for cognitive MIMO relay systems that can readily be implemented at a lower cost. First, we reduce the multiplexing loss due the half-duplex operation in non orthogonal amplify-and-forward (NAF) MIMO relay broadband transmissions with automatic repeat request(ARQ). Different from existing research works, the proposed relaying protocol requires only one packet duration to operate over frequency-selective block-fading relay channels. Further, we propose a low complexityiterative receiver design for this class of protocols which results in significant enhancement of the end-to-end transmission performance. Second, we focus on cognitive underlay single-input multiple-output (SIMO) relay systems and evaluate the impact of instantaneous and statistical interference constraints on their outage performance. Our results reveal that imposing a statistical interference constraint on the secondary system transmit power is most favored than its spectrum-consuming counter part. Third, we capitalize on our second contribution to investigate cost-effective transmission schemes for cognitive MIMO decode-and-forward (DF) relaying systems employing transmit-antenna selection (TAS) along with maximum-ratio combining (MRC) at the transmitter and receiver sides, respectively. Driven by maximizing either the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), our newly derived outage performance results pertaining to both proposed TAS strategies are shown to entail an involved derivation roadmap yet demonstrate the optimality of the SINR-driven TAS against the detrimental effect of mutual interference incognitive MIMO DF relay systems.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da administração intramuscular de alfa-tocoferol (vitamina E) sobre marcadores de estresse fisiológico e oxidativo, além de características relacionadas à qualidade da carne de cordeiros submetidos a transporte rodoviário de curta duração. Vinte e quatro cordeiros, mestiços das raças Santa Inês e Dorper, com idade e peso vivo médios ao abate de 138 dias e 43,6 kg, respectivamente, foram distribuídos em três grupos experimentais nos quais receberam, aos seis e três dias antes do transporte, pela via intramuscular, uma aplicação de solução fisiológica; 10 UI; ou 20 UI de acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol, por quilo de peso metabólico. O transporte teve duração de quatro horas e na chegada ao abatedouro, os cordeiros desembarcaram em curral de espera, onde permaneceram por 19 horas até o momento do abate. Nos momentos T0 (imediatamente antes do embarque e transporte); T1 (imediatamente após transporte e desembarque); T2 (três horas após transporte e desembarque) e T3 (imediatamente antes do abate) foi aferida a temperatura retal e coletadas amostras de sangue por punção da veia jugular para determinação das concentrações séricas de ureia, creatinina, albumina, proteína total, colesterol e cortisol; concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB), lactato e ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE); atividade sérica da creatinofosfoquinase (CK); contagem de hemácias e leucócitos totais; relação neutrófilos:linfócitos; volume globular (VG); atividades eritrocitárias da superóxido dismutase (SOD), glutationa peroxidase (GPx) e glutationa redutase (GR); concentração de glutationa reduzida (GSH); status antioxidante total do soro (TAS) e concentração de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Após o abate, as carcaças foram mantidas por 24 horas sob refrigeração a 2°C para que pudessem ser determinados o pH (pH24h) e coloração (L*, a*, b*) do músculo Longissimus dorsi, além de coletadas amostras para posterior avaliação da força de cisalhamento (FC), perdas de peso por cozimento (PPC) e produtos da oxidação lipídica após 30 dias de congelamento (TBARS 30). Houve efeito de interação entre momento e tratamento para lactato, sendo observado efeito linear de tratamento no momento T2, com maiores (P= 0,0111) valores dessa variável nos animais que receberam 20 UI de vitamina E. Ocorreu efeito linear de tratamento (P=0,0149) sobre os valores de TAS. Foi observado efeito de desvio da linearidade para albumina, L* e b*. Animais que receberam 10 UI de vitamina E apresentaram menores concentrações de albumina (P= 0,0447) e maiores valores (P=0,0042 e P=0,0082) de L* e b*. Com exceção da temperatura retal e GR, foi observado efeito de momento para todos os outros marcadores de estresse fisiológico e oxidativo. O transporte rodoviário de curta duração, mesmo quando realizado de maneira adequada, gera estresse nos animais. Estímulos potencialmente nocivos no momento prévio ao abate levaram a estresse de maior intensidade que aquele oriundo do transporte. A administração intramuscular de alfa-tocoferol aumentou o status antioxidante total do soro de cordeiros submetidos a transporte rodoviário de curta duração, entretanto não foi capaz de minimizar as alterações decorrentes do estresse fisiológico e oxidativo e de melhorar a qualidade da carne destes animais. / The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of intramuscular alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) administration on markers of oxidative and physiological stress, as well characteristics related to meat quality of lambs subjected to road short transport. Twenty-four lambs, Santa Inês and Dorper crossbred, age and average live weight at slaughter of 138 days and 43.6 kg, respectively, were divided into three experimental groups. Each group received an intramuscular application of saline solution or 10 IU or 20 IU of DL-alpha-tocopherol per kg of metabolic body weight at six and three days before transportation. The transportation lasted four hours until the slaughterhouse. After unloading, lambs rested in pen for 19 hours until the time of slaughter. At T0 (immediately prior to boarding and transportation), T1 (immediately after transport and unloading), T2 (three hours after transporting and landing) and T3 (immediately before slaughter) rectal temperature was measured and blood samples were collected by jugular vein puncture for determination of serum urea, creatinine, albumin, total protein, cholesterol and cortisol; plasma concentrations of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), lactate and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA); serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and creatine kinase (CK), erythrocyte and total leukocyte count, ratio neutrophil: lymphocytes, packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). After slaughter, carcasses were kept for 24 hours under refrigeration at 2 °C and were analyzed for Longissimus Dorsi pH (pH24h) and color (L *, a *, b *), and collected samples for subsequent evaluation of shear force (SF), cooking weight loss (CWL) and products of lipid oxidation after 30 days of freezing (TBARS 30). There was an interaction between time and treatment for lactate and was observed a linear effect at the time T2, with increased (P = 0.0111) values of this variable in the animals receiving 20 IU of vitamin E. A linear effect of treatment (P = 0.0149) on the TAS values was observed. Deviation from linearity effect for albumin, L * and b * were seen. Animals that received 10 IU of vitamin E showed lower concentrations of albumin (P = 0.0447) and higher (P = 0.0042 and P = 0.0082) L * and b * values. Except for rectal temperature and GR, moment effect was observed for all other markers of oxidative and physiological stress. The short road transportation, even when done properly, produces stress in animals. Potentially harmful stimuli at the time prior to slaughter led to higher stress intensity than that coming from the transport. Intramuscular administration of alpha-tocopherol increased serum total antioxidant status of lambs subjected to short duration road transport, however was not able to minimize changes arising from physiological and oxidative stress and improve the meat quality of these animals.

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The greatest impediment in our effort to reconstruct the history of Greek literature of the 4th c. B.C. is the almost complete loss of important poets such as Antimachus of Colophon, a loss which leaves us in the dark as to the conditions that led to the 3rd c. B.C. renaissance. In the times around 300 B.C. leading figures were active in the SE Aegean, the most prominent of whom was Philetas of Cos. Ptolemy I entrusted him with the tutorship of his son Ptolemy II. Philetas was highly esteemed by his compatriots who honoured him with a statue, and by the avant-garde among Hellenistic poets including Callimachus and Theocritus. He wrote hexameters (Hermes), narrative elegy (Demeter), Epigrams and Paegnia and perhaps a Telephus. His Ataktoi Glossai, the first ever collection of recondite dialect vocables, became instantly renowned. But his poetiy did not survive long and is now almost entirely lost; no more than 50 lines survive along with 31 second hand entries of his Atakta mainly from Athenaeus. These were last published and studied by G. Kuchenmiiller in a Berlin 1928 thesis written in Latin, a work nowadays not easily accessible. This new approach to the scanty poetical remains of Philetas brings the study of this key figure up to date, takes into consideration material published since the twenties (including two fragments, three important testimonies, Hellenistic fragments which have become available from papyri, verse-inscriptions and inscriptions from Cos). Evidence from various sources is adduced to reconstruct Philetas' poems (particularly his "Coan" Demeter, to which most of the surviving fragments are attributed) and the key epigram fr. 27 is newly interpreted to show Philetas a Callimachean before Callimachus. A detailed commentary elucidates the wide range of Philetas' sources of inspiration and the largely neglected influence of his work, often followed up to Imperial times. A list of Alleged Testimonia and another of Alleged Ascriptions are provided to discuss pseudo-Philetan references and material.

Les systèmes toxine-antitoxine (STA) sont généralement constitués de deux petites protéines cytoplasmiques : une toxine stable et une antitoxine instable capable de neutraliser la toxine et de réprimer l’expression de l’opéron toxine-antitoxine. Une étude menée au laboratoire avait mis en évidence que la perte du gène hicB3 (ypo3369) de Y. pestis, codant une antitoxine solitaire putative, entraine un retard de la croissance bactérienne in vitro et une atténuation de la virulence dans un modèle murin de peste bubonique (Pradel et al., 2014). Par analyse in silico, nous avons détecté, en amont de hicB3, un petit gène non annoté candidat pour coder la toxine HicA3. La surproduction de HicA3 provoque la bactériostase chez Escherichia coli et Y. pestis et la production subséquente de HicB3 restaure la croissance. HicA3 et HicB3 constituent donc un STA fonctionnel. Cependant, la perte du STA HicA3B3 n’affecte pas la virulence de Y. pestis dans un modèle murin de peste bubonique. Nous avons ensuite purifié et caractérisé les protéines HicA3 et HicB3. La toxine HicA3 est une ribonucléase monomérique de 66 aa qui comporte un résidu histidine catalytique essentiel pour son activité. L’antitoxine HicB3 a une double fonction : elle interagit avec HicA3 pour la neutraliser et elle réprime le promoteur de l’opéron hicA3B3. Des expériences de retard sur gel et de fusions transcriptionnelles avec un gène rapporteur ont révélé que l’antitoxine HicB3 et le complexe HicA3-HicB3 se fixent sur deux opérateurs chevauchant les boîtes -10 et -35 du promoteur PhicA3. Nous avons également résolu la structure cristalline de l’antitoxine HicB3 et celle du complexe HicA3-HicB3. HicB3 est un tétramère qui comporte deux domaines de fixation à l’ADN du type ruban-hélice-hélice et deux domaines de neutralisation de la toxine. / Toxin-antitoxin systems (TAS) are generally constituted by two small cytoplasmic proteins: a stable toxin and an unstable antitoxin which neutralizes the toxin and represses the expression of the toxin-antitoxin operon. In previous research, our lab found that Yersinia pestis lacking the hicB3 (ypo3369) gene, encoding a putative orphan antitoxin, has a growth defect in vitro and is attenuated for virulence in a murine model of bubonic plague (Pradel et al., 2014). In silico analysis revealed a small gene upstream of hicB3, encoding a putative toxin that we called HicA3. HicA3 overproduction generates bacteriostasis of Escherichia coli and Y. pestis, and the subsequent production of HicB3 restores cell growth. HicA3 and HicB3 thus constitute a functional TAS. However, the lack of the HicA3B3 TAS does not affect Y. pestis virulence in a murine model of bubonic plague. We then purified and characterized the HicA3 and HicB3 proteins. The HicA3 toxin is a monomeric 66-aa ribonuclease with a catalytic histidine residue required for its activity. The HicB3 antitoxin has two functions: it binds and neutralizes HicA3 and it represses the hicA3B3 operon promoter. Gel-shift assays and transcriptional reporter fusion experiments showed that both HicB3 and the HicA3-HicB3 complex bind to two operators overlapping the -10 and -35 boxes of the PhicA3 promoter. We also solved the crystal structures of the HicB3 antitoxin and the HicA3-HicB3 complex. HicB3 is a tetramer with two DNA binding domains of the ribbon-helix-helix type and two toxin neutralization domains.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF RYAN J. THORNSBERRY, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in ENGLISH, presented on December 27, 2013, at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. TITLE: COMPOSITION, PEDAGOGY, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE STUDENT-TEACHERS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR TEACHING ASSISTANTS IN ENGLISH DEPARTMENTS MAJOR PROFESSOR: DR. LISA J. MCCLURE The history of teaching assistant training has followed a tenuous road of development. For English departments, the primary role for teaching assistants has always been staffing sections of the basic composition sequence. Because inexperienced teachers are teaching inexperienced students, a fundamental concern was, and still is, what is the best way to prepare teaching assistants? This study explores this complexity by investigating the popular trends and approaches utilized by current TA training programs. This qualitative study surveyed 195 English departments from various Division I colleges and universities and focused on three basic questions: 1) What types of training programs do English Departments offer TA? 2) During their tenure as TAs, what efforts are used to enhance their teacher training? 3) How do institutions determine the effectiveness of their training programs? In an effort to identify TA training elements, the data gathered consisted of a program's schedule and duration, supervision, materials (physical as well as technological), required courses, TA opportunities (professional and teaching), assessment tools, and training for International Teaching Assistants. From a small sampling, this study reported findings collected from a 10-item Teaching Assistant Training Survey and an 8-item Demographic Questionnaire. The findings highlighted several training program issues such as time, duration, conductors, materials, courses, and assessment tools as key components of TA training. The findings suggested that even though most teaching assistant training programs contained some similarities, most training programs continue to evolve. Future research into the basic questions, what, how, why, and when of TA training, still need to be conducted in order to provide more detailed conclusions.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:47:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 380208.pdf: 744256 bytes, checksum: 58e5f0483c19f3bcefe98536732c53bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-01-11 / A an?lise em quest?o prop?e reconsiderar o estudo do milagre, recorrente na documenta??o jesu?tica, privilegiando os elementos articulados no discurso religioso que acompanham e culminam no fen?meno. Os milagres foram selecionados na Cole??o De Angelis, no per?odo entre 1610 e 1640. Deve se ter presente a grande quantidade de registros destes fen?menos nas cartas jesu?ticas, apontando o fen?meno como um dos ?pices da experi?ncia religiosa dos inacianos. Parece, assim, ficar evidente a constru??o de um modelo, bem como os necess?rios filtros mission?rios que um relato de milagre deveria percorrer: num primeiro momento, enfatizar o grau de gentilidade e a??o demon?aca (ou ent?o, exemplificando modelos de cristandade), para logo em seguida apresentar a conclus?o - interpreta??o conduzida pelo jesu?ta, relator/filtro/divulgador. Quando este se apresenta na condi??o de autor das cartas, bem como a personagem relatora do fen?meno, o milagre evidencia-se como um modelo idealizado, caracter?sticos como casos de edifica??o. Detendo a aten??o sobre estes elementos modelares, percebe-se que na medida em que o jesu?ta deixa de se constituir personagem ativa no fen?meno, os elementos do relato modificam-se. O julgamento sobre a validade celeste, em rela??o ao milagre, seria concedido pelo mission?rio, assim como poderia classific?-lo como a??o demon?aca.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. , 20. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

A área de microfabricação de dispositivos de interesse em química analítica tem se expandido muito ao longo dos últimos anos. Uma série de produtos e processos tem sido proposta, tendo como base as tecnologias da área de microeletrônica. Muito destes processos são bastante sofisticados, estando além das necessidades para produção de alguns dispositivos relativamente simples e que são bastante úteis para a química analítica. Este é o caso, por exemplo, dos microcanais para implementação de sistemas eletroforéticos ou micro sistemas em fluxo. Neste contexto, surge a proposta deste trabalho, qual seja desenvolver processos e produtos de interesse nesta área. Esse objetivo foi alcançado pelo desenvolvimento de dois processos: um para produção de microcanais em resina de poliéster através de moldagem e outro de corrosão de vidro utilizando toner de impressora laser como resiste. O primeiro partiu de fotolito para produção de molde em silício através de processo de corrosão por plasma de SF6. Peças de resina de poliéster isoftálica são produzidas por polimerização sobre este molde. Para garantir a desmoldagem não traumática e boa reprodução de detalhes, foi incorporado óleo de silicone durante a preparação da resina. Com este procedimento, foi possível obter canais com 14,0 µm de profundidade e irregularidades superficiais de 1,4 µm para um molde com 15,3 µm de elevação e 0,5 µm de irregularidades superficiais. Com o uso de uma manta flexível de silicone como contraparte, foi possível gerar microcanais cuja altura foi avaliada como sendo da ordem de 5 a 7 µm. Esta avaliação foi conseguida através de medida de condutância após o preenchimento do microcanal com solução de KCl. No segundo processo, toner de impressora laser foi utilizado como resiste para corrosão de vidrO. O layout era diretamente impresso sobre papel aditivado com maltodextrina ou papel utilizado como suporte para etiquetas autocolantes através de uma impressora HP LaserJet 6L com resolução de 600 dpi. Após a transferência térmica da imagem para lâminas de vidro alcalino de 1,0 mm de espessura, a corrosão em ácido fluorídrico permitiu obter canais com 7,1 µm de profundidade e irregularidades de 1,0 µm. Embora este segundo processo apresente desvantagens com relação à resolução tanto no plano da lâmina como na profundidade do canal, quando comparado ao primeiro, deve-se ressaltar a extrema simplicidade, rapidez e baixo custo do processo que deve ser interessante para a produção de protótipos. Já para o primeiro processo, destaca-se a adequação à produção em pequena escala de dispositivos microcanais de baixo custo. / Several processes and products have been proposed to build and use microstructures for chemical purposes. Most of these processes were adapted from microelectronic technologies, which resulted in products with excellent resolution and quality. However, there are some devices that could be generated by simpler and rougher processes. In this work, two processes were developed in order to allow producing simple devices based on microchannels. The first process is a method to produce polyester based devices. A conventional microelectronic process was used to produce a silicon matrix. This matrix was used to produce blocks of isophthalic resin by in situ polymerization. The best results were obtained by adding 1 % (w/w) silicone oil during the polyester resin preparation. This additive improves the mold relief and the smoothness of the device surface. Channels 14.0-µm depth and roughness of 1.4 µm were obtained with a mold with structure height of 15.3 µm and roughness of 0.5 µm. A flexible sheet of silicone allows forming enclosed microchannels with depth of 5-7 µm. This dimension was evaluated by conductance measurement after filling the channel with KCl solution. A process for glass corrosion, using laser printer toner as resist, was proposed. In this method, the layout is printed over a special sheet of paper using a HP LaserJet 6L laser printer. The paper is used to transfer the toner to a soda-lime glass lamina by a thermic process. Hydrofluoric acid solution was used to promote the selective glass corrosion. Channels 7.1-µm depth and roughness of 1.0 µm were obtained. Although this second method does not give the saroe resolution and aspect ratio as the first one, it is suitable to easy and fast prototyping. Gn the other hand, the first method is suitable for low-cost production of devices in small scale.