[ES] Esta tesis presenta un nuevo modelo llamado "Modelo dinámico de interacción social y multitud urbana (DUCSIM)", que tiene como objetivo calcular la densidad de multitudes y descifrar las redes sociales en entornos oportunistas. Con la creciente similitud de los dispositivos electrónicos conectados a Internet y la influencia generalizada de las redes sociales en línea, se ha creado un enorme rastro digital. Las huellas digitales basadas en la movilidad humana y el mayor uso de sistemas de comunicación inalámbrica como 3G, 4G y 5G forman una rica base de datos que puede analiarse. Estas huellas digitales ofrecen una forma única de modelar los patrones de multitud dentro de diferentes contextos, como asambleas espontáneas en espacios públicos y escenarios planificados, como en el caso de los megaeventos. El estudio se centra en el desafío de las reuniones multitudinarias oportunistas, donde las personas se congregan por diferentes motivos sin planificación; manifiestan sus movimientos de forma dinámica e inesperada. El análisis del comportamiento humano en las ciudades modernas y desarrolladas requiere que estas reuniones se produzcan en centros comerciales, cruces de carreteras y flash mobs. El análisis macroscópico de la densidad de multitudes basado en datos de las torres de telefonía móvil sirve como primera etapa para delinear el marco DUCSIM. Se adopta el método Median-of-Median (M-o-M) para mayor solidez, ya que este análisis implica umbrales de conteo bruto de multitudes diario y semanal. Las densidades de multitud se clasifican en cuartiles para mostrar distintos grados de distribución de la multitud. A través del análisis macroscópico, el marco avanza hacia el análisis de movilidad acumulativa de multitudes. La dinámica del movimiento de multitudes se mide cambiando las señales de las torres de telefonía movil y formulando un mapa de densidad de multitudes para pronosticar sus movimientos posteriores. Examina el microanálisis del movimiento individual y las relaciones interpersonales a menor escala. Incluye asignar personas a torres de telefonía móvil y formar gráficos de interacción social que infieren y actualizan las relaciones sociales. La parte más importante de DUCSIM radica en su capacidad de aprender y adaptarse dinámicamente para crear un modelo de representación novedoso que se adapte al patrón recién detectado. Esta flexibilidad ayuda a garantizar la relevancia del marco, que debe actualizarse continuamente. El modelado predictivo personalizado se combina con datos históricos que engloban la tesis. El marco utiliza densidades de multitudes anteriores y datos de movimiento para descubrir tendencias y predecir dinámicas de multitudes futuras, mejorando así la eficiencia de la planificación urbana, la respuesta a emergencias o las ciudades inteligentes. El marco DUCSIM proporciona un método integral, flexible y de previsión para comprender y controlar los fenómenos de aglomeración urbana. Una forma moderna de análisis de datos que involucra varias fuentes de datos, respaldada por matemáticas rigurosas, hace que este método sea único para los estudios urbanos. Además, da impulso al ámbito académico y proporciona recomendaciones prácticas sobre la aplicación de esta metodología en la gestión y planificación de las ciudades modernas. / [CA] Aquesta tesi presenta un nou model anomenat "Dynamic Urban Crowd and Social Interaction Model (DUCSIM)", que té com a objectiu calcular la densitat de multituds i desxifrar xarxes socials en entorns oportunistes. Amb la creixent comú d'aparells electrònics enllaçats a Internet i la influència generalitzada de les xarxes socials en línia, s'ha creat un enorme rastre digital. Les traces digitals basades en la mobilitat humana i l'augment de l'ús de sistemes de comunicació sense fils com 3G, 4G i 5G formen una base de dades rica per ser analitzada. Aquestes traces digitals ofereixen una manera única de modelar els patrons de multituds en diferents contextos, com ara assemblees espontànies en espais públics i escenaris planificats, com en el cas dels megaesdeveniments. L'estudi se centra en el repte de les reunions multitudinàries oportunistes, on la gent es congrega per diferents motius sense planificació; manifesten els seus moviments de manera dinàmica i inesperada. L'anàlisi del comportament humà a les ciutats modernes i desenvolupades requereix que aquestes reunions es produeixin en centres comercials, cruïlles de carreteres i flash mobs. L'anàlisi macroscòpic de la densitat de multituds basada en dades de les torres de telefonía mòbil serveix com a primera etapa per descriure el marc DUCSIM. El mètode M-o-M s'adopta per a la robustesa, ja que aquesta anàlisi implica umbrals de recompte de multituds diaris i setmanals. Les densitats de multitud es classifiquen en quartils per mostrar diferents graus de distribució de multitud. Mitjançant l'anàlisi macroscòpic, el marc avança cap a l'anàlisi de la mobilitat acumulat de multituds. La dinàmica del moviment de la multitud es mesura canviant els senyals de les torres de telefonía mòbil i formulant un mapa de densitat de la multitud per preveure els seus moviments posteriors. Examina el microanàlisi del moviment individual i les relacions interpersonals a menor escala. Inclou assignar persones a torres de telefonía mòbil i formar gràfics d'interacció social que dedueixin i actualitzin les relacions socials. La part més important de DUCSIM està en la seua capacitat per aprendre i adaptar-se de manera dinàmica per crear un model de representació nou que s'adapte al patró recentment detectat. Aquesta flexibilitat ajuda a garantir la rellevància del marc, que s'ha d'actualitzar contínuament. El modelatge predictiu personalitzat es combina amb les dades històriques que engloben la tesi. El marc utilitza dades de moviment i densitats de multitud anteriors per descobrir tendències i predir les properes dinàmiques de multituds, millorant així l'eficiència de la planificació urbana, la resposta d'emergència o les ciutats intel·ligents. El marc DUCSIM proporciona un mètode complet, flexible i de previsió per entendre i controlar els fenòmens d'aglomeracions urbanes. Una forma moderna d'anàlisi de dades que inclou diverses fonts de dades, amb el suport de matemàtiques rigoroses, fa que aquest mètode sigui únic per als estudis urbans. A més, dóna un impuls a l'àmbit acadèmic i ofereix recomanacions pràctiques sobre l'aplicació d'aquesta metodologia en la gestió i planificació de la ciutat moderna. / [EN] This thesis presents a new framework called the "Dynamic Urban Crowd and Social Interaction Model (DUCSIM)," which is aimed at calculating crowd density and deciphering social networks in opportunistic environments. With the growing commonality of internet-linked electronic gadgets and the widespread influence of online social networks, an enormous digital trail has been created. The digital traces based on human mobility and the increased usage of wireless communication systems such as 3G, 4G, and 5G form a rich database to be analyzed. These digital traces offer a unique way of modelling the crowd patterns within different contexts, like spontaneous assemblies in public spaces and planned scenarios, as in the case of mega-events. The study focuses on the challenge of opportunistic crowd gatherings, where people congregate for different reasons without planning; they manifest their motions dynamically and unexpectedly. The analysis of human behaviour in modern, developed cities requires that these gatherings occur in malls, road junctions, and flash mobs. Macroscopic crowd density analysis based on data from MOBILE towers serves as the first stage in outlining the DUCSIM framework. The Median-of-Median (M-o-M) method is adopted for robustness as this analysis involves daily and weekly raw crowd count thresholds. Crowd densities are ranked in quartiles to show varying degrees of crowd distribution. Through the macroscopic analysis, the framework progresses to cumulative crowd mobility analysis. Crowd movement dynamics are measured by changing signals from MOBILE towers and formulating a crowd's density map to forecast its subsequent motions. It examines the micro-analysis of individual movement and interpersonal relations on a smaller scale. It includes assigning people to MOBILE towers and forming social interaction graphs that infer and update social relationships. The most important part of DUCSIM lies in its ability to dynamically learn and adapt to create a novel representation model to suit the newly detected pattern. This flexibility helps to ensure the relevancy of the framework, which must be continually updated. Custom predictive modelling combines with historical data that encompasses the thesis. The framework uses previous crowd densities and movement data to discover trends and predict upcoming crowd dynamics, thus improving urban planning efficiency, emergency response, or smart cities. The DUCSIM framework provides a comprehensive, flexible and forecasting method of understanding and controlling urban crowd phenomena. A modern form of data analysis involving several data sources, supported by rigorous mathematics, makes this method unique for urban studies. Moreover, it gives impetus to the academic sphere and provides practical recommendations concerning the application of this methodology within modern city management and planning. / Addepalli, L. (2024). An Architecture for Crowd Density Estimation in Heterogenous Opportunistic Environment [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/204747

Depuis la construction de l’autouroute 40 dans les années 70 (tronçon Félix-Leclerc), le lac Saint-Augustin s’est grandement enrichi en sels de déglaçage et en métaux lourds. Un marais épurateur construit et adapté (MECA), dans lequel ont été intégrées des plantes halophytes, a donc été implanté afin traiter une partie des eaux de ruissellement provenant de l’autouroute. Le comportement et l’efficacité de ce dernier ont été évalués afin de déterminer si cette technologie était en mesure de pallier à la problématique de contamination. Les observations et les analyses ont permis d’établir que les plantes halophytes sont mal adaptées aux conditions environnementales du MECA et que seulement environ 1% des sels sont emmagasinés dans les plantes. Les concentrations mesurées dans les eaux ont montré que le MECA est efficace pour emmagasiner du sel de déglaçage, principalement en période de temps sec, mais que les quantités accumulées sont peu significatives par rapport aux quantités introduites. / Following the construction of Highway 40 in the 1970s (Félix-Leclerc section), concentrations of de-icing salts and heavy metals in Saint-Augustin Lake have greatly increased. An adapted constructed wetland (MECA) in which halophyte plants were integrated was installed in order to treat part of the highway runoff. The behavior and the effectiveness of the MECA were evaluated to determine if it is an appropriate technology to mitigate the problem of de-icing salts and heavy metals contamination. Observations and analyses have allowed us to establish that halophyte plants are generally not adapted to the environmental conditions of the MECA and that approximately only 1% of the de-icing salts get stored in the plants. Concentrations measured in the water indicate that the MECA is effective at storing de-icing salts, especially during dry weather periods, but that the accumulated amounts of salts are not very significant compared to the introduced amounts.

Ce mémoire porte sur l’étude du laplacien sur des surfaces de Riemann. En particulier, nous nous intéressons à ses valeurs propres qui représentent les notes que jouerait la surface si elle était un tambour. Les valeurs les plus étudiées sont la première valeur propre non nulle λ1 ainsi que sa multiplicité m1 (la dimension de l’espace propre). Notamment, Colin de Verdière conjecturait que m1 est toujours borné supérieurement par le nombre chromatique moins 1. Des travaux de Fortier Bourque et Petri ont montré que parmi toutes les surfaces hyperboliques de genre 3, c’est la quartique de Klein qui maximise la multiplicité et atteint la borne supérieure conjecturée par Colin de Verdière. Cette surface est la première d’une suite de surfaces hautement symétriques, les surfaces de Hurwitz. Nous montrons à l’aide de la formule des traces de Selberg que pour la prochaine surface dans la suite, la surface de Fricke–Macbeath F, nous avons m1(F) = 7. Une recherche indépendante menée par Chul-hee Lee arrive au même résultat à propos de la multiplicité. Le chapitre 1 introduit des notions géométriques comme la géométrie hyperbolique, les surfaces hyperboliques et triangulaires ainsi que le théorème de Hurwitz. Le chapitre 2 présente des concepts de base de théorie spectrale ainsi que des outils comme la formule des traces de Selberg et la théorie de la représentation. Le chapitre 3 est dédié à l’étude de la surface de Fricke–Macbeath et à la preuve de notre résultat principal à l’aide des outils des chapitres précédents. Dans le chapitre 4, nous discutons de nouvelles techniques de calcul de m1 qui ont été utilisées pour montrer l’existence de contre-exemples à la conjecture de Colin de Verdière dans des travaux conjoints avec Fortier Bourque, Gruda-Mediavilla et Petri. / This master’s thesis studies the Laplace operator on Riemann surfaces. We are especially interested in its eigenvalues, which correspond to the notes that the surface would play if it were a drum. In particular, the first non-zero eigenvalue λ1 and its multiplicity m1 (the dimension of the corresponding eigenspace) have been well studied. For instance, Colin de Verdière conjectured that m1 is bounded above by the chromatic number minus 1 based on a few examples. Later work by Fortier Bourque and Petri showed that among hyperbolic surfaces of genus 3, the Klein quartic maximizes the multiplicity, and attains the upper bound conjectured by Colin de Verdière. This surface is the first of a sequence of highly symmetrical surfaces named Hurwitz surfaces. We will show using the Selberg trace formula that for the next surface in the sequence, the Fricke–Macbeath surface F, we have m1(F) = 7. This result was also obtained independently by Chul-hee Lee. Chapter 1 introduces some geometric notions including hyperbolic geometry, hyperbolic surfaces, and triangular surfaces, followed by Hurwitz’s automorphism theorem. Chapter 2 covers some basic concepts in spectral theory as well as some useful tools like the Selberg trace formula and a bit of representation theory. Chapter 3 focuses on the study of the Fricke–Macbeath surface and the proof of our main result using the techniques introduced in previous chapters. Finally, Chapter 4 discusses new methods for computing m1 which were used to show the existence of counterexamples to Colin de Verdière’s conjecture in joint work with Fortier Bourque, Gruda-Mediavilla, and Petri.

Information technology evidence consists of a mix of representations of various applications of digital electronic equipment, and can be brought to the fore in all contexts that result in legal decisions. The occurrence of such evidence in legal proceedings, and other legal decision-making, is a phenomenon previously not researched within legal science in Sweden. The thesis examines some of the consequences resulting from the occurrence of information technology evidence within Swedish practical legal and judicial decision-making. The thesis has three main focal points. The first consists of a broad identification of legal problems that information technology evidence entails. The second focal point examines the legal terminology associated with information technology evidence. The third focal point consists of identifying sources of error pertaining to information technology evidence from the adjudicator’s point of view. The examination utilizes a Swedish legal viewpoint from a perspective of the public trust in courts. Conclusions include a number of legal problems in several areas, primarily in regards to the knowledge of the adjudicator, the qualification of different means of evidence and the consequences of representational evidence upon its evaluation. In order to properly evaluate information technology evidence, judges are – to a greater extent than for other types of evidence – in need of (objective) knowledge supplementary to that provided by parties and their witnesses and experts. Furthermore, the current Swedish evidence terminology has been identified as a complex of problems in and of itself. The thesis includes suggestions on certain additions to this terminology. Several sources of error have been identified as being attributable to different procedures associated with the handling of information technology evidence, in particular in relation to computer forensic investigations. There is a general need for future research focused on matters regarding both standards of proof for and evaluation of information technology evidence. In addition, a need for deeper legal scientific studies aimed at evidence theory has been identified, inter alia regarding the extent to which frequency theories are applicable in respect to information technology evidence. The need for related further discussions on future emerging areas such as negative evidence and predictive evidence are foreseen.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-12-12T17:45:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IVONETE FERREIRA DA COSTA.pdf: 1144206 bytes, checksum: 112aea88b52fbaed3f56007447beaf47 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:46:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IVONETE FERREIRA DA COSTA.pdf: 1144206 bytes, checksum: 112aea88b52fbaed3f56007447beaf47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-23 / The text brings the analysis of aspects of the literary discourse as the processes of construction of the scenes and the magical universe, in which the narratives of Marina Colasanti are realized, having as it shows the tales of the works Doze reis e a moca no labirinto do vento (2006): "The woman ramada", Uma ideia toda azul (2006): "Beyond the frame", "Between the leaves of green ó" and "Yarn after yarn". The general and specific objectives are to highlight and distinguish the encompassing and generic scenes present in the narratives, to identify the nature of the verbal sign in its relation to the nonverbal sign, and to analyze intertext resources, paratext, among others, as an artistic procedure. The narrative plans are approached, in which the characters are realized mimically, starting from the initial assumption formulated by Dominique Maingueneau. Non-verbal language is an invitation to read verbal language and vice versa. Both are associated with the signs that are constructed through the textual writing: loom and fabric. They can be seen now either explicitly or implicitly, and put in the service of a power that is realized by the act of reading. Thus, in the narrative text, there are traces of a speech in which the text is staged. / O texto traz a análise de aspectos do discurso literário como os processos de construção das cenas e o universo mágico, em que se realizam as narrativas de Marina Colasanti, tendo como mostra os contos das obras Doze reis e a moca no labirinto do vento (2006): “A mulher ramada”, Uma ideia toda azul (2006): “Além do bastidor”, “Entre as folhas do verde ó” e “Fio após fio”. Os objetivos geral e específicos são destacar e distinguir as cenas englobante e genérica presentes nas narrativas, identificar a natureza do signo verbal na sua relação com o signo não verbal e analisar recursos de intertexto, paratexto, entre outros, como procedimento artístico. Abordam-se os planos narrativos, nos quais se dá a realização dos personagens mimeticamente, partindo do pressuposto inicial formulado por Dominique Maingueneau. A linguagem não verbal é um convite à leitura da linguagem verbal e vice-versa. Ambas se associam aos signos que se constroem por meio da escritura textual: tear e tecido. Elas podem ser vistas ora de modo explícito, ora implícito, e se colocam a serviço de um poder que se realiza pelo ato de leitura. Assim, no texto narrativo, há rastros de um discurso em que o texto é encenado.