In translating the Aeneid as faithfully as possible, Gavin Douglas saw himself as an innovator, breaking with the tradition of adaptation and instead presenting a faithful literary translation. In the Prologues to his Eneados Douglas discusses his theoretical principles, comments on the work of his predecessors in the transmission of Virgil in English, and raises issues pertinent to the contents of the Books of the Aeneid. However, the Prologues also reflect Douglas's perception of a conflict between his religious and artistic impulses, and show his gradual resolution of this conflict inherent in his dual role as critical artist and churchman. By placing Douglas's Prologues in the context of prologues by other medieval writers, Chapter I shows that Douglas's new approach to faithful literary translation is matched by his independence in the employment of conventional literary devices, which he revitalizes by using them in a meaningful way rather than applying them because custom so dictates. Chapter II focuses on the narrator in his various and divergent roles, especially those of the poet and priest; while these two roles initially seem to make conflicting demands on the translator-narrator, he eventually resolves the conflict and recognizes a sublime harmony between divine and human artistry. Chapter III examines Douglas's practice of translation in light of his own theory; even though Douglas tends to "modernize" Virgil, he produces a genuine translation in which his avowed aims are largely realized. Chapter IV focuses on the connexions of the individual Prologues with their respective Books and demonstrates that even though the translation itself is generally accurate, the interpolation of the Prologues with their re-interpretation of common archetypes as foreshadowings of Christian doctrine causes a radical transvaluing of the Aeneid as a Christian allegory. Chapter V shows that there is not only a linkage between the Prologues and Books, but that the Prologues are also connected to each other by the narrator's search for a theologically acceptable yet also artistically satisfying re-creation of a non-Christian work. Aeneas and the translator-narrator are thus engaged in parallel quests during which they have to overcome physical obstacles and resolve inner conflicts before they can reach their final destinations. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Adriana Giarola Kayama / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T07:10:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vasconcelos_LuciadeFatimaRamos_D.pdf: 11887790 bytes, checksum: 3c9cf34fd688fea0def7772f715819e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Com o objetivo de prover material de pesquisa capaz de auxiliar futuros tradutores de obras vocais, o presente trabalho é um estudo interdisciplinar que reúne teóricos da linguística e da música, com o fim de delimitar e aprofundar, por meio de uma análise de caso, ferramentas que auxiliem o processo de tradução de obras vocais. Partindo do princípio que texto e a música são fenômenos sonoros indissociáveis, neste trabalho, recorremos à melopoética como fio condutor desse processo criativo. Diante de tal corrente de estudo que trabalha especificamente com as questões sonoras que permeiam letra e música, as ferramentas de trabalho que desenvolvemos possuem íntima relação com esses fenômenos. Métrica, acentuação rítmica, prosódia, rimas internas e externas e os processos de união e separação de palavras em música são os elementos que foram aqui aprofundados, em uma pesquisa quem sua essência, promove a intercomunicação entre a música e a linguística. A tese tem um capítulo introdutório, com um levantamento bibliográfico de autores clássicos e atuais da área de tradução, especificamente de tradução poética. Na introdução também é apresentada a linha de pensamento na qual iremos desenvolver nossa análise: a melopoética. As ferramentas que serão defendidas e utilizadas como parâmetro na análise de caso são expostas no primeiro capítulo, enquanto no segundo capítulo é desenvolvida a análise da obra Pierrot Lunaire de Arnold Schoenberg, traduzida por Augusto de Campos, com a participação da maestrina e cantora Edmar Ferreti, figura fundamental nesse processo de tradução / Abstract: With the aim of providing research material able to help future translators of vocal works, this paper is an interdisciplinary study that brings together theoretical linguistics and music, in order to define and develop, through a case analysis, tools to assist the translation process of vocal works. Starting from principle that text and music are inseparable sound phenomena, in this work we resort to the theory of melopoetics as the connecting line for this creative process. With this line of work that deals specifically with the issues that permeates music and text the tools we have chosen have close relation with these aspects. Metric, rhythmic accentuation, prosody, internal and external rhymes, and processes of union and separation of words in music, are the elements that have been discussed here, in a research that, in its core, promotes the intercommunication between music and language. The thesis has an introductory chapter, with a discussion of bibliography of current and classic authors in the area of translation, specifically poetic translation. Also included in the introduction is the line of thought in which we will develop our analysis: melopoetics. The tools that will be defended and used as a parameters in the analysis of the case study are stated in the first chapter, while the second chapter analyses Arnold Schoenberg's work Pierrot Lunaire, translated by Brazilian author Augusto de Campos, with the participation of the conductor and singer Edmar Ferreti, key figure in this translation process / Doutorado / Praticas Interpretativas / Doutora em Música

In this study, the role of translation in the introduction of Chinese xiqu into the United States is examined using an anthropological approach. This study identifies three encounters that exemplify the three critical stages of acceptance of xiqu in the United States, and examines how translation operates and functions as a tool of cultural mediation in the introduction and promotion of xiqu there. The three critical encounters this study identifies are: the 19th century performance tours of Cantonese opera in San Francisco, the 1930s tour of Mei Lan-fang to the U.S., and the 2006 tour of Kenneth Pai's production of the Young Lover's Edition of the Peony Pavilion to the U.S. An ethnohistoric approach is adopted to reconstruct the contexts of the translators' decision-making with the purpose of highlighting the human factor in the process. Translations, first-hand paratextual materials and data collected in interviews facilitate the triangulation of analysis and verification. The result offers a critical understanding of translation in a cultural dissemination process by analyzing xiqu with an emphasis on the human factor.

Thesis(Ph.D. (Translation Studies and Linguistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / People rely on language for the purposes of trade and communication. However, due to the proliferation and differences of languages and cultures, they experience barriers. These barriers may be costly when communicating in courtrooms. Interpreters seldom fail to provide accurate renditions from the source language to the target language. It often occurs that during court proceedings, the accused and the witness persons are African while all the other court officials, except the interpreter, are non-Africans. The researcher has noted with grave concern the extent to which justice is miscarried as a result of inaccurate or imperfect interpretation of evidence of the African witnesses and accused persons. This state of affairs may have disastrous effects causing the presiding officers to arrive at an unjust resolution or verdict.The aim of the study is to evaluate loss of meaning in courtroom interpreted testimony in the linguistic and culturally diverse magistrate courtrooms of Mpumalanga province in South Africa. The researcher was guided by the descriptive and explanatory methods to use qualitative research method to be able to gather necessary data in order to verify, synthesise and establish facts that defend or refute the researcher's hypothesis. Through a field work carried out in 15 magistrate courts of Mpumalanga the study used semi-structured questionnaires and observation sheets. Fifteen court interpreters, fifteen magistrates and fifteen court managers were involved in the study. Collected data was analysed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Nvivo software. Results showed that inadequate education, lack of professional interpreting skills, language and linguistic barriers contribute to loss of meaning in courtroom interpreting. / NIHSS

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Translation Johannesburg, 2016 / The aim of this paper is to investigate how the different types of humour in Neil Gaiman and Terry Pratchett's Good Omens have been translated into French and German as De Bons Présages and Ein Gutes Omen, respectively. This study applies frame semantics to analyse how the translators recreated the humour of the ST in the instances that they were able to do so. This theory examines how context is created and what expectations arise from an individual’s knowledge of context i.e. their understanding of the context and what the reader or hearer associates with it. The novel involves several subplots, but the same humorous elements such as puns, parody and an invented archaic variety of English appear throughout the book and it is the aim of this study to determine how these elements were dealt with by the translators. I will compare the two translations and determine how, and if each translator was able to recreate the same frames that made the ST humorous. / MT2017

A dissertation submitted to the University of the Witwatersrand in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in Linguistics, March 2018 / Every language has its own unique set of preferred phonological structures, along with an array of strategies that it can employ to ensure that these structures are maintained. This study examines repair strategies used in Xitsonga in relation to syllable structure and Prosodic Word (PWord) minimality. Evidence gleaned from loanword adaptation supports claims by previous work (Vratsanos and Kadenge, 2017) that Xitsonga prefers a CV syllable structure. When words from English and Afrikaans are adapted to suit the Xitsonga phonological structures, several repair strategies may occur: segment substitution ensures that the phonemic inventory of Xitsonga is adhered to; vowel epenthesis is used to eliminate codas and break up consonant clusters; diphthongs are repaired using glide epenthesis and, in some cases, monophthongisation; and prenasalisation resolves NC consonant clusters. Secondly, Xitsonga requires words to be minimally disyllabic, and uses the epenthesis of a semantically null morpheme in order to achieve this. The analysis is couched within Optimality Theory (OT: Prince and Smolensky, 2004), with additional insights gleaned from Feature Geometry (FG: Clements and Hume, 1995). OT allows for strategies to be accounted for by means of constraint interaction, and for variation to be accounted for by means of constraint rerankings. The aim of this study is to present what is thought to be the first comprehensive account of repair strategies used in Xitsonga syllable to maintain preferred phonological structures, highlighting the importance of the syllable as a level of phonological analysis in this language and others like it. Additionally, the results of this analysis are compared to iv those of other Southern Bantu languages in an effort to situate Xitsonga within its language family, thereby contributing to linguistic typology. Key words: repair strategies, loanwords, rephonologisation, prosodic word minimality, Optimality Theory, Feature Geometry, constraints, candidates, input, output, Bantu languages / GR2019

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This paper concentrates on the discussion of the relationship between 1930s Chinese modern writer Shi Zhecun and "translated modernity." The basic assumption behind this paper is that the work of fiction by Shi Zhecun is a kind of translingual practice, which is inextricably bound up with translation. It is through such a broad sense of translational activity that Shi Zhecun began his pursuit of modernity and finally obtained a kind of modernity different from the Western, the translated modernity. Looking from the perspective of translingual practice, the fictional work by Shi Zhecun is never an isolated mental work, but the consequence of cultural exchange and vigorous bombardment between Chinese and Western literature. On one hand, his fiction fails to stand outside of the progress of modernity in China, while his work is also deeply embedded in the network of Western literature on the other hand. By mean of a series of mimicry, appropriation and rewriting, he translates text from various times, spaces and media into his own work. In the fiction by Shi Zhecun, we may see the process of how foreign literature and other cultural factors rise, circulate and eventually gain legitimacy in the 1930s China. At the same time, we can also know of how they have changed the observation and conception of modern Chinese writers towards literature and the outer world. Therefore, not only does fiction by Shi Zhecun comprise the modernity experience of Shanghai, a metropolitan city in the 1930s, to synchronize with the world, but they also record responses and changes of modern Chinese fiction in the face of the progress of modernism. / This paper is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is an introduction, which briefly introduces the background of investigation of Shi Zhecun's fiction and expounds the theoretical framework of "translated modernity". Chapter two to six are the core part of this paper. By introducing related literary and cultural theories, they serve to probe into fiction by Shi Zhecun. Chapter two draws an outline of historical materials and observes the frequent mimicry and rewriting phenomena on his early work with regard to his fictional work and translational activities, in order to grasp how he transplants forms and techniques from the Western fiction into the Chinese situation. Chapter three deepens discussion on the previous chapter and examines how Shi Zhecun employs western psychoanalytic method and narrative mechanism in his "old stories retold" to construct the interiority unique to modern fiction. Chapter four intervenes from the viewpoint of technologized visuality to analyze the relationship between psychoanalytic fiction by Shi Zhecun and modern visual text. Through the discussion of mode of space in fiction, chapter five looks at how Shi Zhecun's fiction transform modern urban space into fictional text, producing a range of thoughts concerned with modernity. Chapter six, by reconstructing his literal tradition, interprets the traditional elements found in his fiction and analyzes with different aspects his re-creation of Chinese traditional literature. Chapter seven is the conclusion, which attempts to consolidate what has been discussed before in this text, in order to contemplate the important significance of modernity in China brought about by Shi Zhecun's fiction. / Translation, since the Late Qing Dynasty, has been exhibiting great influence on China's road towards modernity. Scholars Lydia Liu and David Wang present "translated modernity" as a way to delve into the relationship between translation, Chinese Late Qing fiction and May Fourth literature. From Late Qing to May Fourth, translation has been highly influential on the period when old literature was superseded by new one. Thus, when radical anti-traditionalism wanes, would translation, among the relatively mature 30s literature, have a new significance? / 郭詩詠. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(p. 220-233). / Adviser: Hang Fung Hoyan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-02, Section: A, page: 0575. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (p. 220-233). / Guo Shiyong.

The study focused on the translation and interpretation of cultural concepts from Xitsonga into English. The main aim of the study was to formulate strategies and methods as well as techniques of translating cultural concepts from Xitsonga into English with the view towards bridging the gap between the two cultures. The study used a mixed method approach combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches. It examined the research problem by selecting respondents who deal with translation issues on a day-to-day basis and also observed how cultural concepts are presented in the bilingual dictionaries. This was done by comparing three languages i.e. Xitsonga, Northern-Sotho and Tshivenda. The researcher had to identify the afore-mentioned cultural concepts and to find if they were properly described or translated into English. The observation focused on the translation of both Xitsonga, Northern-Sotho and Tshivenda cultural fixed expressions which were given to translation studies students to translate into English. The aim was to find if they are able to give proper explanations or translation to the given expressions. Quantitatively, 24 out of the 30 questionnaires that were sent out to respondents, were returned to the researcher for presentation, analysis and interpretation. The study found that translating cultural concepts is very challenging. These challenges are presented by lack of equivalence and not recognising the cultural concepts in the source text. The study however found that employing the right strategies, methods and techniques can assist in bridging the gap between the languages and cultures. The translator also needs to have an in-depth knowledge of the two cultures: Xitsonga and English. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)