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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A perspective on astrocyte regulation of neural circuit function and animal behavior

Hirrlinger, Johannes, Nimmerjahn, Axel 27 November 2023 (has links)
Studies over the past two decades have demonstrated that astrocytes are tightly associated with neurons and play pivotal roles in neural circuit development, operation, and adaptation in health and disease. Nevertheless, precisely how astrocytes integrate diverse neuronal signals, modulate neural circuit structure and function at multiple temporal and spatial scales, and influence animal behavior or disease through aberrant excitation and molecular output remains unclear. This Perspective discusses how new and state-of-the-art approaches, including fluorescence indicators, optoand chemogenetic actuators, genetic targeting tools, quantitative behavioral assays, and computational methods, might help resolve these longstanding questions. It also addresses complicating factors in interpreting astrocytes' role in neural circuit regulation and animal behavior, such as their heterogeneity, metabolism, and inter-glial communication. Research on these questions should provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of astrocyte-neuron assemblies' role in neural circuit function, complex behaviors, and disease.
2

Programa Bolsa Família: uma avaliação da focalização e dos impactos sobre a pobreza e a desigualdade de renda entre os anos de 2005 e 2015

Lucena, Camila Queiroz de Aquino 21 August 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Camila Lucena (camila.lucena@glempreendimentos.com.br) on 2017-09-19T23:33:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Lucena_FINAL.pdf: 803884 bytes, checksum: 2e5cb8fac278d2d4e3e864c0e0b1a12b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2017-09-19T23:58:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Lucena_FINAL.pdf: 803884 bytes, checksum: 2e5cb8fac278d2d4e3e864c0e0b1a12b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T14:35:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Lucena_FINAL.pdf: 803884 bytes, checksum: 2e5cb8fac278d2d4e3e864c0e0b1a12b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-21 / The Bolsa Família Program (PBF) was institutionalized in 2004, through the unification of the management and execution of income transfer actions of other pre-existing programs in Brazil, constituting the largest care policy in the country. The objective of this study was to evaluate the targeting indicator on the target audience and the impact of the Bolsa Família Program on poverty and income inequality, for the regions of Brazil between the years 2005 and 2015, based on data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). The results suggest over the period studied in Brazil, the focus of PBF was not severely affected. However, in the North and Northeast regions, a large part of the target public of the program is no longer beneficiary therefor affected the targeting indicator, leading it to a small drop. In the other regions, the targeting indicator improved, mainly in the Center-West, which obtained better percentage variation. In addition, the program could obtain better targeting results if the government were able to improve the efficiency of local selection, that is, to include a larger number of households that belong to the target audience of the program, as in the Central-West region. This improvement reflected in the poverty and inequality indicators, with it made it to be the only region making the program increase its impact in the year 2015. For Brazil in general, the impacts on the poverty indicators are minimal, especially in 2015, but reductions are noticed in both years of this study. Although PBF is a useful tool for reducing poverty and inequality, it needs to be improved, either by improving the targeting indicator or by applying sustainable incentives so that families may in future cease receiving the benefit, breaking the perpetuity of the poverty cycle in which they live. / O Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) foi institucionalizado em 2004, a partir da unificação da gestão e da execução das ações de transferência de renda de outros programas pré-existentes no Brasil, constituindo-se na maior política assistencial em nível nacional. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a focalização sobre o público- alvo e o impacto do Programa Bolsa Família sobre a pobreza e a desigualdade de renda para as regiões do Brasil no período de 2005 e 2015, a partir dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD). Os resultados sugerem que ao longo do período estudado no Brasil, a focalização do PBF não foi severamente afetada. Entretanto, nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, grande parte do publico alvo do programa deixou de ser beneficiário o que afetou a focalização, ocasionando uma pequena queda. Nas demais regiões, a focalização melhorou, principalmente no Centro-Oeste, que obteve melhor variação percentual. Adicionalmente, programa poderia obter melhores resultados de focalização caso o governo conseguisse melhorar a eficiência da seleção local, ou seja, incluir maior número de domicílios pertencentes ao público alvo do programa como na região Centro-Oeste. Esta melhora refletiu nos indicadores de pobreza e desigualdade, sendo a única região a fazer com que o programa aumentasse seu impacto no ano de 2015. Para o Brasil de maneira geral, os impactos sobre os indicadores de pobreza são mínimos, principalmente em 2015, mas apresenta reduções em ambos os anos estudados. Apesar da existência do PBF ser um instrumento útil para a redução da pobreza e desigualdade, é necessário aperfeiçoá-lo, seja melhorando a focalização ou aplicando incentivos sustentáveis para que as famílias possam futuramente deixar de receber o benefício, quebrando a perpetuidade do ciclo de pobreza em que vivem.

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