The proliferation of small devices and the advancements in various technologies have introduced the concept of pervasive environments. In these environments, user tasks can be executed by using the deployed components provided by devices with different capabilities. One appropriate paradigm for building user tasks for pervasive environments is Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). Using SOA, user tasks are represented as an assembly of abstract components (i.e., services) without specifying their implementations, thus they should be resolved into concrete components. The task resolution involves automatic matching and selection of components across various devices. For this purpose, we present an approach that allows for each service of a user task, the selection of the best device and component by considering the user preferences, devices capabilities, services requirements and components preferences. Due to the dynamicity of pervasive environments, we are interested in the continuity of execution of user tasks. Therefore, we present an approach that allows components to monitor locally or remotely the changes of properties, which depend on. We also considered the adaptation of user tasks to cope with the dynamicity of pervasive environments. To overcome captured failures, the adaptation is carried out by a partial reselection of devices and components. However, in case of mismatching between an abstract user task and a concrete level, we propose a structural adaptation approach by injecting some defined adaptation patterns, which exhibit an extra-functional behavior. We also propose an architectural design of a middleware allowing the task's resolution, monitoring of the environment and the task adaptation. We provide implementation details of the middleware's components along with evaluation results

L'émergence des technologies sans fil et l'ubiquité des dispositifs mobiles ont introduit le concept des environnements pervasifs. Dans ces environnements, les tâches d'un utilisateur peuvent être exécutées en utilisant des composants déployés sur des dispositifs ayant des capacités différentes. Un paradigme approprié pour la construction de ces tâches est le Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). En utilisant l'architecture SOA, les tâches d'un utilisateur sont représentées par un assemblage de composants abstraits (les services), sans préciser leurs implémentations, d'où la nécessité de résoudre les services en composants concrets. La résolution d'une tâche implique la sélection automatique des composants concrets à travers différents dispositifs de l'environnement d'exécution. Pour ceci, nous présentons une approche qui permet à chaque service d'une tâche de l'utilisateur, la sélection du meilleur dispositif et composant en tenant compte des préférences de l'utilisateur, des capacités des dispositifs, des besoins des services et des préférences des composants. En raison de la dynamicité des environnements pervasifs, nous nous sommes intéressés aussi à la continuité d'exécution des tâches de l'utilisateur dans ces environnements. Pour cet objectif, nous présentons une approche qui permet aux composants de surveiller localement ou à distance les changements de propriétés fournies par d'autres composants. Nous avons également considéré l'adaptation des tâches de l'utilisateur en proposant une première approche de re-sélection partielle de dispositifs et de composants. Nous proposons aussi une approche d'adaptation structurelle par l'injection des patrons d'adaptation, qui offrent un comportement extra-fonctionnel. Nous avons conçu l'architecture d'un middleware permettant la résolution des tâches, le monitoring de l'environnement et l'adaptation des tâches. Nous donnons quelques éléments d'implémentation des composants du middleware et nous présentons des résultats d'évaluation / The proliferation of small devices and the advancements in various technologies have introduced the concept of pervasive environments. In these environments, user tasks can be executed by using the deployed components provided by devices with different capabilities. One appropriate paradigm for building user tasks for pervasive environments is Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). Using SOA, user tasks are represented as an assembly of abstract components (i.e., services) without specifying their implementations, thus they should be resolved into concrete components. The task resolution involves automatic matching and selection of components across various devices. For this purpose, we present an approach that allows for each service of a user task, the selection of the best device and component by considering the user preferences, devices capabilities, services requirements and components preferences. Due to the dynamicity of pervasive environments, we are interested in the continuity of execution of user tasks. Therefore, we present an approach that allows components to monitor locally or remotely the changes of properties, which depend on. We also considered the adaptation of user tasks to cope with the dynamicity of pervasive environments. To overcome captured failures, the adaptation is carried out by a partial reselection of devices and components. However, in case of mismatching between an abstract user task and a concrete level, we propose a structural adaptation approach by injecting some defined adaptation patterns, which exhibit an extra-functional behavior. We also propose an architectural design of a middleware allowing the task's resolution, monitoring of the environment and the task adaptation. We provide implementation details of the middleware's components along with evaluation results