This thesis is focusing on methods of tax optimization of international companies. These international concerns are endeavoring tax minimization. The disparity of the tax systems gives to these companies a possibility of profit and tax base shifting. At first this thesis compares the differences of tax optimization, aggressive tax planning and tax evasion. Among the areas of the optimization methods, which are described in this thesis, belongs tax residention, dividends, royalty payments, transfer pricing and the companies conversions. Because of the aggressive tax optimization are the public budgets shortened by million crowns. As a reaction many of guidelines and plans of international organizations has been written to worsen the possibilities of tax planning. The impacts on public budgets are shown and counted on the model example of fictive international company.

The aim of this work is to transform the profit into income tax base of corporate person in legislative conditions of two countries - the Czech and Slovak Republic. The first part contains the theoretical basis on which I relied, and which I then applied to the practical part, based on a particular company as a limited company. At the end there is a summary which based on the analysis of the tax legislation of the two countries indicates which environment of these countries in terms of tax burden is more favorable. During processing of this work I used materials of specific company that I got for year 2011.

The theoretical part is focused on the definition of the basic concepts of the assets, cash and accrual bases. In addition to profit, its components and its differences from the tax base. Much of the work deals with different concepts of costs and revenues in accordance with accounting regulations and tax law. The work deals with the various costs and revenues in terms of tax efficiency and impact on adjustments to the tax base.The practical part is devoted to empirical research, the proportion of tax on profit for the sampled companies.

The present Dissertation deals with optimisation of tax burden of both natural persons and legal entities. Different types of business forms are selected for comparison purposes. The main objective of the Dissertation is to draw up and provide a draft strategy of tax optimisation for tax entities on the basis of selection of the most suitable form of doing business. The results are evaluated in the conclusion of the Dissertation, where also the most suitable variant of doing business is proposed for selected tax entities.

The diploma thesis deals with a proposal of recommendations that will lead to tax reduction in corporate income tax for a selected concern. The theoretical part is focused on the legal framework of corporate taxation and the definition of basic areas in which it is possible to perform tax optimization. Thesis also defines the concern, its forms and methods of organization and describes its connection in the international context. In the practical part, the acquired knowledge is applied to the data about the selected company and an analysis is performed in the given areas of optimization, while recommendations are formulated leading to a reduction of the company’s tax liability.

Focus of this diploma thesis is the proposal of Council Directive on a Common Consolidated Corporate Tax base. The proposal is analyzed in broader contexts, the selected aspects of it are compared to current corporate tax systems of selected states of EU, emphasis is on available methods of tax optimization. Calculation and optimization of tax liability are demonstrated on model cases of taxpayers, including recommendations for taxpayers regarding the application of the directive, in case it should be adopted.

Магистерская диссертация посвящена совершенствованию взимания налога на доходы физических лиц в России. Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из содержания, введения, трех глав, заключения и списка использованных источников. В первой главе рассмотрены теоретико-методологические основы налогообложения доходов физических лиц, практика зарубежных страх, выделены основные проблемы и направления совершенствования налога на доходы физических лиц. Во второй главе проведен анализ налоговых поступлений по Уральскому федеральному округу и Свердловской области за период 2013-2015 годы. В третьей главе предложены мероприятия по совершенствованию подоходного налогообложения физических лиц. / Master's thesis is devoted to the improvement of the collection of the tax on personal income in Russia. Final qualifying work consists of content, introduction, three chapters, conclusion and list of references. The first chapter describes the theoretical and methodological foundations of the personal income tax, the practice of foreign fear, highlights the main issues and areas of improvement of the tax on personal income. The second Section is devoted to analysis of tax revenues in the Ural Federal District and the Sverdlovsk region for the period 2013-2015 years. In the third chapter of the proposed measures to improve the income taxation of natural persons.

Целью магистерской диссертации является совершенствование процессов налогообложения субъектов малого предпринимательства в Российской Федерации. В первой главе выделена значимость специальных налоговых режимов для малого бизнеса, исследован опыт российского и зарубежного налогообложения малого бизнеса. Во второй главе проведен анализ налогообложения малого бизнеса в России и Свердловской области. В третьей главе содержатся основные рекомендации по совершенствованию упрощенной системы налогообложения в целях повышения эффективности деятельности субъектов малого предпринимательства. / The purpose of the master's thesis is to improve the taxation processes of small businesses in the Russian Federation. The first chapter highlighted the importance of special tax regimes for small businesses, studied Russian and foreign experience of small business taxation. The second chapter analyzes the taxation of small business in Russia and the Sverdlovsk region. The third chapter provides basic recommendations for improving the simplified taxation system in order to improve the efficiency of small businesses.

Master's thesis is devoted to improving the taxation of personal income in the Russian Federation. Graduation qualification work consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusion and a list of sources used. In the first chapter, the main stages of the formation and development of the system of taxation of personal income, the characteristics of personal income tax and its elements, the specifics of its calculation and payment, as well as a comparative analysis of the taxation of personal income in foreign countries. The second chapter analyzes the implementation of the fiscal and distributive (social) functions of the personal income tax in the Russian Federation. The third chapter identifies the main problems of taxation of incomes of individuals in Russia, suggests ways to improve it. / Магистерская диссертация посвящена совершенствованию налогообложения доходов физических лиц в Российской Федерации. Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения и списка использованных источников. В первой главе рассмотрены основные этапы становления и развития системы налогообложения доходов физических лиц, характеристика НДФЛ и его элементов, особенности его исчисления и уплаты, а также проведен сравнительный анализ налогообложения доходов физических лиц в зарубежных странах. Во второй главе проводится анализ реализации фискальной и распределительной (социальной) функций налога на доходы физических лиц в Российской Федерации. В третьей главе выявлены основные проблемы налогообложения доходов физических лиц в России, предложены направления его совершенствования.

Master's thesis is devoted to improving the taxation of corporate profits in the Russian Federation and China. Graduation qualification work consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusion and a list of sources used. The first chapter examines the theoretical aspects of constructing taxation models for the profits of legal entities in China and Russia. In the second chapter, a comparative analysis of the application of different models of corporate income taxation in China and Russia. The third chapter presents ways to improve taxation models for corporate entities' profits in China and Russia, taking into account foreign experience. / Магистерская диссертация посвящена совершенствованию налогообложения прибыли юридических лиц в Российской Федерации и Китае. Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения и списка использованных источников. В первой главе рассмотрены теоретические аспекты построения моделей налогообложения прибыли юридических лиц в Китае и России. Во второй главе сравнительный анализ применения разных моделей налогообложения прибыли юридических лиц в Китае и России. В третьей главе представлены пути совершенствования моделей налогообложения прибыли юридических лиц в Китае и России с учетом зарубежного опыта.