The aim of the study was to look at the differences in groups in Karlskrona Kommun in comparison to a larger population of work-groups in Sweden. The instrument used was the Team Diagnostic Survey developed by Ruth Wageman, J. Richard Hackman and Erin Lehman (2005) in order to diagnose the strengths and weaknesses in work-groups, as well as explore the group’s behaviours and effectiveness. The results show that there was a significant difference between the Karlskrona Kommun groups and the larger population of Swedish groups in the following areas: stable, clarity, challenge, diversity, whole task, resources and availability.

How to make teams Flexible without sacrificing their Efficiency? This is an important question especially in the context of Product Development (PD) organizations, as they operate in a dynamic environment and are highly team-driven. The answer to this question lies in understanding the role of all individual constituents that contribute to building Team Flexibility. One such constituent is teams’ Structure. This research work examines the role of Structural antecedents in building Flexibility into PD teams. This study considers PD Team Flexibility as a means to deal with both change and uncertainty. A conceptual framework of structural practices was developed to reflect this perspective. An ex-post facto survey based research design with Convenient Sampling technique was adopted for this study. Data was collected from 108 PD teams (both public and private sector) about their current structural practices, complexity of product development activity and their performances. The information collected from these teams was analysed to determine the key factors which would result in building Team Flexibility. The analysis of the data resulted in producing five antecedents. The results from the study suggest that, in general, designing structural practices centered on team ‘Participation and Control’ and ‘Time Bound Formalization’ antecedents helps in simultaneously achieving high Flexibility and Efficiency. The result also hints at the possibility of Large teams achieving both Flexibility and Efficiency with the introduction of appropriate practices designed around these antecedents. A caveat to the above claim is that complexity of PD activity would moderate the effectiveness of these antecedents and hence should be borne in mind before implementing them.

The twentieth century shift from the industrial society to the knowledge society must be met by a transition in management of human capital. This thesis seeks to design an implementation method based on goal-setting theory and other team based work designs that can be deployed by anyone in the company. The model accounts for the two largest barriers to successful implementation, management and labor unions. The new model is strengthened by a bottoms-up approach, on-the-job development of teaming skills, and inclusion of the labor union at the earliest stage possible. / text

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Background: The majority of the occupational accidents and work-related diseases at Swedish workplaces occur due to poor ergonomics during lifts and transportation of objects. The most common consequence of poor ergonomic conditions is low back pain (LBP) and the risk of developing LBP increases as the mechanical loading on the intervertebral disks grows. This study has investigated the biomechanical loading in the low back during two different types of patient lifts. The first lift (lift A) is developed by Modern Arbetsteknik (MA) and the second lift (lift B) is a common lifting technique among care workers. Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify any advantages or disadvantages with MA’s lift, regarding shear and compression forces in the L5/S1 disc. The calculated forces were also compared with lifting recommendations from the Swedish Work Environment Authority and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Methods: The lifting techniques were evaluated with biomechanical calculations, Dartfish video analysis software, Qualisys motion capture system and the biomechanical analysis software Visual3D. Results: Lift A was less stressful on the low back than lift B. Particularly during lift start, when the mechanical loading from the patient reaches the highest level. The disadvantage of lift B is that it results in greater axial rotation and asymmetrical loading. This causes greater shear and torsion forces, which are associated with LBP. Conclusions: The mechanical loading of the spine exceeds the limits recommended by the Swedish Work Environment Authority and NIOSH. Therefore the maximum allowed patient weight for a three person lift should be lowered, in order to reduce the risk for LBP.

The formulation of the scientific problem New challenge society, opening possibilities, tradition standpoint, emphasize real news importance, don‘t be in keeping changing society and activities requirements. Upbringing are orientating to special habits, to be able to live in the society and to get more information and news in the public education and bringing up schools. (www.smm.lt ). Developing social industrial system, increasing education system, social service requirements problems are very growing problem in the schools. One of the most important conditions social in providing pedagogical help is team-based work. In that way the work of individual professionals can be coordinated, the optimal need of social pedagogical help can be determined, the cooperation among institutions and departments can be increased.

SUMMARY Inga Dargienė Assumptions of making team work more efficient in schools of Šiauliai. Master’s work. Theoretical aspects of team work of different Lithuanian and foreign authors have been analyzed in Master thesis taking into consideration peculiarities of a school as an organizational unit and particularity of activities. On the grounds of theoretical analysis the research of team work practice in schools of Šiauliai has been carried out evaluating overall situation of team work; establishing characteristics and development of team work and factors that influence its efficiency; finding out the most efficient directions in team work improvement, optimal team work issue solving methods and assumptions of making team work more efficient. Data collected during the empirical research by the means of questionnaire poll has allowed to support the scientific hypothesis that team work enhances functionality of schools as organizational units.

Medical education has been the subject of ongoing reform since the second part of the 18th century (Papa & Harasym, 1999). Most recently, medical education has been redefined to include a broad set of competencies over and above traditional expertise. In an attempt to facilitate this approach, different instructional models have been proposed. Most of these seek to foster learner engagement and active participation and promote life-long learning. Nevertheless, there is no consensus amongst medical educators about the optimal way to teach future physicians. Despite the efforts of both researchers and local champions, instructional innovations frequently fail. Fullan (2001) ascribes this to faulty assumptions on the part of planners as well as to the inherent complexity of the organizations involved, further stating that effective change requires some degree of reculturing. This study examines the process of educational change in an undergraduate medical course over a three-year period. Formerly taught exclusively by large class lectures, the course was redesigned to include a blend of e-learning and Team-Based Learning (TBL). The process of change is described and viewed in parallel from the perspectives of both student and teacher while uncovering contextual and process elements that contributed to the outcome. Shifting student attitudes to teaching and learning were identified over time, suggesting that these evolve in parallel to faculty experience implementing a new teaching strategy. Van Melle (2005) has suggested that acceptance of educational innovation is dependent on the environment and organizational context. The results of this study highlight the importance of these factors in the successful introduction of a new instructional paradigm as well as the value of longitudinal evaluation of instructional changes in order to better understand their transformational potential. / Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2009-01-24 10:02:24.877

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