In today’s society, it is increasingly important for retailers to have an online presence, yet the adoption rate of e-commerce by small retailers is still lagging behind the that of larger retailers. This is due to the difficulty small retailers have to overcome the barriers to develop their web-shops, such as cost and time. This thesis will examine the barriers of single-store independent retail businesses to sell and market their goods online. It will use the Technology Acceptance Model framework developed by Davis (1986) to help understand how the barriers affect the retailers attitude towards the process of developing their web-shops. Specifically, it will ask the retailers, through interviews, what barriers exist, what their perception of difficulty to overcome these barriers is, and what their perception of importance to overcome these barriers is. The major findings show that the barriers for retailers have not changed in the past decade, nor has the difficulty level of overcoming these barriers. The majority of small retailers who have not yet developed their web-shops don’t feel that the effort to do so is worth the potential gains, yet the small retailers who have already developed their web-shops did feel it was worth the effort. The retailers all felt that the process was more difficult than it should be, and insisted they would make the leap if the cost and effort required was reduced.

Security is becoming an increasingly important issue for business, and with it comes the need for appropriate authentication; consequently, it is becoming gradually more important to develop secure e-commerce systems. Fraud via the web, identity theft, and phishing are raising concerns for users and financial organisations. In addition, current authentication methods, like passwords, have many problems (e.g. some users write them down, they forget them, or they make them easy to hack). We can overcome these drawbacks by using biometric authentication systems. Biometric systems are being used for personal authentication in response to the rising issue of authentication and security. Biometrics provide much promise, in terms of preserving our identities without the inconvenience of carrying ID cards and/or remembering passwords. This research is important because the securing of e-commerce transactions is becoming increasingly important. Identity theft, hacking and viruses are growing threats to Internet users. As more people use the Internet, more identity theft cases are being reported. This could harm not only the users, but also the reputation of the organisations whose names are used in these illegal acts. For example, in the UK, online banking fraud doubled in 2008 compared to 2007. More users took to e-shopping and online banking, but failed to take necessary protection. For non-western cultures, the figures for web security, in 2008, illustrated that Saudi Arabia was ranked ninth worldwide for users who had been attacked over the web. The above statistics reflect the significance of information security with e-commerce systems. As with any new technology, user acceptance of the new technology is often hard to measure. In this thesis, a study of user acceptance of biometric authentication systems in e-transactions, such as online banking, within Saudi society was conducted. It examined whether Saudis are practically willing to accept this technology. This thesis focuses upon Saudi Arabia, which has developing economy. It has achieved a rapid rate of growth, and therefore makes an interesting and unique case study. From an economist¿s point of view, Saudi Arabia is the powerhouse of the Middle East. It has the leading regional economy, and, even though it is still relatively young. It has a young and rapid growing population; therefore, this makes Saudi Arabia an attractive potential market for all kinds of e-commerce applications. Having said that, with more than half of population under the age of 30 are more to be expected to take the risk of accepting new technology. For this work, 306 Saudi participants were involved in the experiments. A laboratory experiment was created that actively tested a biometric authentication system in combination with a survey. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was adopted in the first experimental phase as the theoretical basis on which to develop the iv research framework, the model has proven its efficiency as a good predictor for the biometric authentication system. Furthermore, in a second experimental phase, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) with moderating variables such as age, gender and education level was examined as a proposed conceptual framework to overcome the limitations of TAM. The aim of the study was to explore factors affecting users¿ acceptance of biometric authentication systems. The findings from Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis indicate that education level is a significant moderating factor, while gender and age do not record as significant. This thesis added new knowledge to this field and highlighted the importance of the perceptions of users regarding biometric security technologies. It helps determine the factors affecting the acceptance of biometric technology. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study of this issue carried out by academic and non-biased researchers in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the thesis presents security technology companies and developers of information security products with information to help in the determination of what is significant to their user base when taking into account the introduction of new secure systems and products.

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The introduction of new, innovative technologies within cancer diagnosis is needed, however, the barriers to entering the healthcare market are high, with various regulations and stakeholders to consider. The purpose of this thesis is to research doctors’ attitudes toward the current and emerging methods within cancer diagnosis, with the ultimate objective of providing insights into how companies can affect doctors’ technology acceptance behavior. Understanding of the end-user can facilitate the early involvement of doctors in a company's development process, which can contribute to a successful introduction of a new technology to the healthcare market. This thesis adopts a qualitative single case study approach, where the empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with doctors specialized in General Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology. The findings reveal that doctors are cautiously positive towards new technologies, but require them to deliver greater benefits compared to their costs, have high performance, and have good usability. In addition, they demand them to be supported by research studies that substantiate their efficacy. Furthermore, a company must build trust by means such as establishing credibility and demonstrating a clear clinical purpose. The thesis also concludes that doctors’ attitudes are influenced by their belief systems and social factors, including the opinions of colleagues or hospital leaders. Finally, the findings suggest that companies should conduct research studies, create resource-sharing collaborations, involve doctors early in the development process, and establish effective communication strategies to influence doctors’ technology acceptance behaviors. / Det finns ett uttalat behov av att introducera innovativa teknologier inom cancerdiagnostik till marknaden, men hälso- och sjukvårdsmarknaden har höga inträdesbarriärer men många regulationer och aktörer att ta hänsyn till. Syftet med denna studie är att fördjupa förståelsen av läkares inställning till existerande och nya teknologier inom cancerdiagnostik. Det yttersta målet är att bidra med insikter rörande hur företag kanpåverka läkares acceptans av nya teknologier. Genom förbättrad förståelse och tidig involvering av slutanvändaren, i detta fall läkarna, kan en introduktion av nya teknologier simplifieras. Denna studie innefattar en kvalitativ, enkel fallstudie, där datainsamlingen skett genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Dessa intervjuer hölls med läkare med specialisering inom allmänmedicin samt obstetrik och gynekologi. Resultatet visar att läkarna har en försiktigt positiv attityd till nya teknologier, men har höga krav på prestation, användbarhet och nytta-kostnad förhållandet. De kräver även att teknologin stöds av noga utförda forskningsstudier som kan påvisa dess effektivitet och nytta. Studien visar även att företag måste bygga förtroende hos läkarna, genom att exempelvis visa på ett tydligt kliniskt syfte. Vidare visar resultatet att läkarnas attityder influeras av deras trossystem samt sociala faktorer, däribland kollegors och sjukhusledares åsikter och rekommendationer. Slutligen uppmanas företag att genomföra forskningsstudier, etablera samarbeten mellan berörda grupper, involvera läkare tidigt i utvecklingsprocessen, och etablera effektiva kommunikationsstrategier för att påverka läkares acceptans av ny teknologi.

Psykisk ohälsa har blivit alltmer vanligt förekommande och identifieras idag som ett globalt problem. Siffror för unga svenskar i åldersspannet 16-29 år som lider av psykiska problem visar oroväckande ökningar under de senaste 15 åren. Samtidigt som det sker en ökning av psykiska problem genomförs studier som belyser vikten av AI inom hälsosektorn. Dessa studier omfattar både fördelar och begränsningar, där ett återkommande tema är bristande acceptans från användarens sida. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka acceptansen hos unga vuxna män och kvinnor i Sverige, i åldersspannet 16-29 år. Acceptansen undersöks genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning baserad på TAM (technology acceptance model). Enkätundersökningen inkluderade totalt 73 respondenter. Vi vill dock påpeka att detta antal kan begränsa validiteten och möjligheten till generalisering.  För respektive chatbotar och avatarer har fem hypoteser definierats, varav samtliga gällande chatbotar accepteras medan fyra av fem gällande avatarer. Resultaten från studiens hypoteser visar tydliga relationer, med positiva korrelationer och signifikanta värden på en-procentsnivå (p < 0,01). Det framkommer klara samband mellan uppfattad användarvänlighet och uppfattad användbarhet, uppfattad användbarhet och attityd till användning, samt mellan attityd till användning och förmodad användning. Dessa resultat, baserade på insamlad data från studiens enkätundersökning, avslöjar en övergripande låg acceptans bland unga svenskar när det gäller AI-integrerad hälsorådgivning, och att det finns en viss oro och tveksamhet när det gället användningen av AI inom psykvården. / Mental health issues have become increasingly common and are now identified as a global problem. Figures for young Swedes aged 16-29 suffering from mental health problems show alarming increases over the past 15 years. Concurrently with the rise in mental health issues, studies highlighting the importance of AI in the healthcare sector are being conducted. These studies cover both advantages and limitations, with a recurring theme being a lack of acceptance from users. The purpose of this study is to examine the acceptance among young adults, both men and women, in Sweden, within the age range of 16-29 years. Acceptance is investigated through a quantitative survey based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The survey included a total of 73 respondents. However, we would like to point out that this number may limit the validity and generalizability of the findings. For both chatbots and avatars, five hypotheses have been defined, with all related to chatbots being accepted while four out of five related to avatars are accepted. The results of the study's hypotheses show clear relationships, with positive correlations and significant values at the one percent level (p < 0.01). There are clear connections between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, perceived usefulness and attitude toward use, as well as between attitude toward use and intended use. These results, based on collected data from the survey, reveal an overall low acceptance among young Swedes regarding AI-integrated health advice and indicate a certain level of concern and hesitation regarding the use of AI in mental healthcare

Information Literacy (IL) has been implemented among workers in schools in recent years in order to enhance workers’ skills and competencies through the utilisation of technology in education. To implement a sustainable IL system, the building of an IT infrastructure is required including the provision of PCs and network access, enabling students to connect to the internet during class time in order to access educational web-based content as well as to share discussions about subjects with their peers in and out of the class. Assessing the level of information literacy (IL) of stakeholders will assist in creating a new proposed school management system (SMS) to be used among them in the future. This will encourage teachers to use blended learning approach for teaching their students. Therefore, it is important to examine the IL of stakeholders (principal, head of division, teacher) in Kuwait to increase their skills and competencies which will lead to greater innovation in future developments. This work aims at assessing information literacy level of stakeholders, their skills and competencies in utilising technology in a workplace environment, which will assist the researcher to create a new school system. In addition, this work presents a new proposed school management system (SMS) for stakeholders in the current educational system of high schools in Kuwait, therefore, applying the BL approach in order to achieve a high quality of students' learning outcomes.

This study aimed to find out the primary need of individuals ages 25-39 have, when it comes to using SVT1, TV4, SVT Play and TV4 Play and to assess how easy and useful the tv-channels are for them. The target group was individuals between ages25-39 who lives in Sweden. 139 individuals replied to the online form. Out of the 139 individuals 110 identified as women and 29 as male. The respondents werecategorized in residential demographics and education level. The study collected data from the target group by sending out an online form. The study used Excel to generate clear tables illustrating the results from the form. The study used a quantitative method with a convenience sampling technique. Uses & gratification and Technology acceptance model where the theories used in this study. The result shows that the primary need of the target group was entertainment and that they preferred online streaming services, and in particular SVT Play, rather than liner television. 2 of 5 people does not have linear television and the results shows a trend of using streaming services as the primary sours of television. Amongst the target group, exceptionally few did not have the streaming services SVT Play and TV4 Play.It was primarily male, individuals with high school education and individuals that lives in a sparsely populated rural areas that do not have linear television. Onefinding was that the target group tend to use SVT1 and SVT Play to satisfy the needs of information and new knowledge, in contrast to TV4 and TV4 Play. Themajority of respondents expressed that SVT1 and TV4 was easy to use, yet the results shows that just because something is easy, does not mean that its useful. Is also shows that something can be slightly difficult to use, but it is useful and therefore individual tend to use it any way.

Meetings and presentations are often monological in their nature, creating a barrier of productivity in workplaces around the world. By utilizing modern technologies such as a web-based Audience Response System (ARS), meetings and presentations can be transformed into interactive exercises where the audience’s views, opinions and answers can be expressed. Visualizing these audience responses and relating questions-specific partitioned answers between each other, through visualization structures, was the topic of this report. The thesis project was carried out in collaboration with Mentimeter, creator of a web-based ARS and online presentation tool. The Double Diamond design process model was used to investigate and ground the design and development process. To guide the implementation of the prototypes, a focus group was held with four visualization and design professionals knowledgeable about ARSs, to gather feedback on high fidelity sketches. The final prototypes were evaluated with the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for information visualization to survey end-users' attitudes and willingness to adopt the visualization structures. Eight end-users tested the final web-based prototypes. The findings of the user tests indicate that both visualizations prototypes showed promise for visualizing partitioned data in novel ways for ARSs, with an emphasis on a circle cluster visualization as it allowed for the desired exploration. The results further imply that there is value to be gained by presenting partitioned data in ways that allows for exploration, and that audiences would likely adopt a full implementation of the visualizations given some added functionalities and adjustments. Future research should focus on fully implementing and testing the visualizations in front of a live audience, as well investigating other contemporary visualization structures and their capabilities for visualizing partitioned ARS data. / Möten och presentationer är ofta sedda som ett produktivitetshinder på arbetsplatser runtom i världen på grund av deras monologiska natur. Genom att använda moderna tekniska lösningar såsom webbaserade Audience Response Systems (ARS) så kan möten och presentationer omvandlas till interaktiva moment där en publiks perspektiv, åsikter och svar kan uttryckas. Att visualisera en publiks svar och relatera frågespecifika partitionerade svar mellan varandra, genom visualiseringar, var denna rapports huvudämne. Projektet utfördes i samarbete med Mentimeter, skapare av ett webbaserat ARS och digitalt presentationsverktyg. Double Diamond-modellen användes för att undersöka och förankra design- och utvecklingsarbetet i projektet. För att guida utvecklingsarbetet, och få feedback på designförslag, genomfördes en fokusgrupp med fyra visualiserings- och designexperter som besatt kunskap om ARS. De framtagna prototyperna utvärderas genom den utökade Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) för att undersöka slutanvändares inställning och villighet att använda visualiseringarna. Totalt testade åtta slutanvändare de framtagna webbaserade prototyperna. Resultatet av användartesterna indikerade att båda visualiseringsprototyperna har potential att visualisera partitionerad data på nya sätt i ARS, men att en klustervisualisering var överlägsen från en utforskningssynpunkt. Resultaten innebär vidare att det finns ett värde i att presentera partitionerad data på sätt som möjliggör utforskning av publikens svar, och att publiken troligen kommer att anta en fullständig implementering av visualiseringarna förutsatt några extra funktioner och justeringar. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på att fullständigt implementera och testa visualiseringarna framför en faktiskt publik, samt undersöka andra samtida visualiseringsstrukturer och deras möjligheter att visualisera partitionerad ARS-data.

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