Thesis (M.S. in Pub. Pol.)--School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. Directed by Juan Rogers. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-84).

Radio and television broadcasting are among the most highly regulated industries in most countries. National governments have traditionally assumed responsibility for determining the structure of broadcasting in each country. These state broadcasters have typically been financed from licence fee revenues collected from the owners of television and radio receiving sets, from direct parliamentary appropriations, or from both, although in some cases (e.g. Italy, The Netherlands and Finland) the income of the state broadcasting organisation has been supplemented by advertising revenue. The establishment of state broadcasters has enabled the government to exercise great influence over broadcasters, allowing the medium to be used as a mouthpiece for government sentiments and policy. In South Africa, the National Party government controlled the airwaves and used it to entrench a repressive system of Apartheid. Following the new democracy in South Africa, a regulatory body was formed to oversee the freedom of the media. It was however recognised that broadcasting is one of the few opportunities for historically separated sectors of South African society to get to know each other, while celebrating cultural differences. SABC has been given a substantial public service mandate to fulfil the national goal of democracy, nation building and to provide information and entertainment in indigenous languages. As local programmes are more costly to produce; the mandate presents challenges to the broadcaster to still remain competitive for audience share and revenue. As the SABC does not receive a subsidy, does not have direct access to licence fees and often broadcasts to lower LSM's that do not traditionally deliver revenues, the challenge is to find a broadcasting mix that will ensure sustainability. The research concluded that SABC 2 (that has the biggest public service mandate) is still competitive when compared with another commercial broadcaster. The PBS mandate formed a distinctive strategy to hold audiences and be sustainable. A survey, using a questionnaire concluded that SABC 2 was seen as a public broadcaster but a government subsidy to offset losses of certain types of programming would be welcomed. Two structured interviews showed that the mandate was closely monitored and that management was constantly challenged to find the best programming/scheduling and revenue mix. A source of revenue that would be welcomed would be the partial allocation of licence fees to the channel for specific public service programming - such as state funerals and big national sporting events. This exploratory research made recommendations that will further enhance the competitiveness of SABC 2 and provide more synergies within the South African Broadcasting Corporation. / Thesis (MBA)-University of Natal, 2002.

Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 72). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

This thesis investigated the effect of exergaming versus mirror matched gym based exercise with no virtual stimuli on technology acceptance, flow and postural control in healthy young adults. Firstly a review of literature was performed analysing the effects of technology acceptance and flow on exergaming, and the effects of exergaming on postural control. Results showed the plausible nature of exergaming as an immersive environment and the potential to improve postural control. However, some major gaps in the literatures were identified. Technology acceptance had never been applied in exergaming and flow had only partly been applied to exergaming in limited studies. Additionally the effects of exergaming on postural control had shown some potential benefits, however no study had truly analysed the effects of exergaming on postural control by analysing mirror matched exercise with no virtual stimulus. The purpose of this thesis was to address these important areas of research and contribute novel evidence to the field. In two separate studies, 38 non active and 50 active young healthy adults took part in either exergaming based training or mirror matched gym based exercise with no virtual stimuli. Technology acceptance (behavioural intention), flow and postural control were measured at pre and post exercise intervention. Technology acceptance results showed that performance expectancy was significantly higher in the exergaming group in both studies, as well as being a significant predictor of behavioural intention at both pre and post exercise testing. In the second study, only, performance expectancy, social influences, and behavioural intention where statistically significantly higher for the exergaming group compared to the mirror matched gym based exercise with no virtual stimuli on technology acceptance, highlighting greater levels of acceptance into the exercise environment. Flow results showed greater levels immersion in the exergaming groups, especially in terms of clear goals, unambiguous feedback, action awareness merging, transformation of time and loss of self- consciousness. The effects of exergaming on postural control showed significant improvements in anterior- posterior standard deviation and range for the exergaming group in study one, and improvements in medio-lateral range in study two. Study two also showed significant improvement over time (pre-post exercise) for medio-lateral SD, range and centre of pressure. Evidence from both studies suggests that exergaming may offer an immersive environment for exercise which has a positive effect on behavioural intention to keep using the exergaming system in the future. With regards to postural control evidence from both studies suggest that exergaming may offer a new method of exercise to improve static postural control.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 296 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 266-287). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Orientador: Maria das Graças Conde Caldas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T04:05:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garroti_CarinaPascotto_M.pdf: 24026776 bytes, checksum: 309852fa239513c9b93b64ea15767b19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Criada em 2004, a Semana Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (SNCT) é resultado do avanço da crescente produção científica brasileira e do reconhecimento do país como um novo player internacional. Embora seja visível o interesse da população pela área, esse interesse nem sempre é acompanhado pela necessária compreensão pública da Ciência. Ao entrar na agenda pública governamental e se tornar um programa oficial de governo, o programa de popularização da ciência permite ampliar e diversificar as atividades de divulgação científica para a sociedade brasileira, inserindo o grande público no debate nacional sobre avanços, benefícios e riscos da CT&I. Esta dissertação recupera a história da evolução da Semana, que passou de 1.848 atividades e 252 municípios em sua edição inicial (2004) para 33.555 atividades e 739 municípios em 2013. Examina as contribuições da SNCT para a popularização do conhecimento científico no Brasil e procura entender seu papel na formação da cultura científica. Trata-se de um Estudo de Caso único (YIN, 1989), de natureza qualitativa, com foco nas atividades da SNCT de 2012 intitulada "Sustentabilidade, Economia Verde e Erradicação da Pobreza". A pesquisa concentrou-se nas atividades da cidade de São Paulo, responsável por 51% da produção científica nacional e detentora das principais universidades públicas do país (estaduais e federais). O corpus compreendeu o período de 8 a 28 de outubro de 2012 (três semanas). Da primeira à terceira semana, foram acompanhadas as atividades divulgadas no site da própria Semana, no MCTI para uma contextualização geral de sua repercussão no país. Durante a realização da Semana, de 15 a 21 de outubro de 2012 -, objeto central deste trabalho, foram observadas algumas das atividades realizadas na cidade de São Paulo em diferentes instituições (escolas, universidades, shoppings, parques públicos, centros e museus de ciência e instituições de pesquisa). A seleção destas atividades obedeceu ao critério da diversidade e relevância. De um total de 28.148 atividades no país, 741 aconteceram no estado de São Paulo e 329 na capital. Os dados coletados indicam reduzido número de atividades no município, face sua importância científica. Revelam, também, concentração das atividades em poucas instituições e com público essencialmente escolar. A pesquisa aponta, ainda, aspectos positivos e negativos da Semana realizada ainda quase que integralmente com recursos públicos. Apesar dos resultados positivos da SNCT, muito ainda precisa ser feito para que a divulgação científica seja de fato incorporada à prática cotidiana das instituições de pesquisa, sejam elas públicas ou privadas, bem como objeto de reflexão permanente no âmbito escolar para a formação de uma cultura científica cidadã, numa perspectiva crítica e analítica. Embora seja perceptível a ampliação de atividades, observam-se, também, problemas estruturais de organização e de articulação entre o Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia e o da Educação; tímida participação das empresas privadas; precária divulgação da mídia em geral; concentração das atividades nas áreas de Física, Química e Biologia e quase ausência de atividades relacionadas às áreas de Ciências Humanas e Artes / Abstract: Founded in 2004, the Brazilian Week of Science and Technology (SNCT) is the result of advancement in scientific production and increasing recognition of the country as a new international player. Although public interest in the area is visible, this interest is not always accompanied by the necessary public understanding of science. By being integrated to the government public agenda and become an official government program, it allows to expand and diversify the activities of science communication for Brazilian society, taking the general public to the national debate on advances, benefits and risks of STI. This dissertation recovers the history of the evolution of the Week, which evolved from 1,848 activities and 252 towns in its original edition (2004) to 33,555 activities and 739 towns in 2013. It examines the contributions of SNCT for the popularization of scientific knowledge in Brazil and seeks to understand their role in the formation of scientific culture. This is a single case study (Yin, 1989), qualitative in nature, focusing on the activities of SNCT 2012 entitled "Sustainability, Green Economy and Poverty Eradication". The research focused on the activities of the city of São Paulo, responsible for 51 % of national scientific production and home to the main public universities in the country (state and federal). The corpus comprised the period of October 8th to 28th, 2012 (three weeks). In the first and third weeks it accompanied the activities published in the Portal of the Week, in the MCTI for a general context of its effect on the country. During the the Week ¿ October 15th to 21st , 2012 - , the central object of this work, it observed some of the activities held in the city of São Paulo in different institutions (schools , universities, shopping malls , public parks , science centers and museums and research institutions ) . The selection of these activities followed the criteria of diversity and relevance. Of 28,148 activities developed in the country, 741 were in the state of São Paulo and 329 in the capital. The data collected indicate a reduced number of activities in the city, despite their scientific importance . They also reveal the concentration of activities in a few institutions and almost essentially public schools. The survey also shows positive and negative aspects of the Week still held almost entirely with public funds. Despite the positive results of SNCT, much remains to be done for scientific disclosure to be in fact incorporated into the daily practice of research institutions, be they public or private, as well as the object of ongoing reflection in the school for the formation of a scientific citizen culture, a critical and analytical perspective . Although there is a noticeable expansion of activities , it also observed structural problems of organization and coordination between the ministries of Science and Technology and Education ; timid participation of private companies, poor dissemination of media in general , concentration of activities in the areas of Physics , Chemistry and Biology and near absence of related areas of Humanities and Arts activities / Mestrado / Divulgação Científica e Cultural / Mestra em Divulgação Científica e Cultural