In the wake of a digitally transforming environment, public sector organizations are realizingthe necessity to adopt new ways of managing their operations. The changing expectations anddemands of citizens and stakeholders are triggering such organizations to develop their deliveryof services, as well as digitally transforming their internal processes. As the public sector valuesservice delivery and cost-effectiveness, cloud services have become an attractive option to transition to, due to their flexible and economical characteristics. This qualitative study examines two Swedish municipalities in their transition to cloud services, studying the reasons behind said transition, and how those affect their adoption. The Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework was utilized to evaluate the factors affecting the two organizations’ transitions and adoptions of cloud services, showcasing a connection between the framework’s elements and the analyzed results. The findings show pressure coming from both external and internal sources, restrictions involving governmental regulations and lack ofavailability, as well as how they manage these challenges, by finding new ways to innovate and preparing their organizations for future transitions.

Data är idag en central resurs i många organisationer och mängden data ökar för varje år. Detta kan innebära att organisationer påverkas till att söka efter nya teknologier som kan ge dem möjligheter att fatta datadrivna beslut i större omfattning. Den teknologi som denna studie undersöker är Data Virtualization (DV) av den anledning att det finns ett tydligt forskningsgap gällande varför organisationer väljer att implementera DV. Studien använder TOE-ramverket med syftet att kartlägga vad som gör att organisationer tar beslut om att implementera DV. Studiens datainsamlingsmetod är semistrukturerade intervjuer där fyra respondenter från olika företag i Norden intervjuades. Empirin analyserades för att identifiera vilka faktorer som var betydande för implementeringen av DV. Resultatet visade att nordiska organisationers beslut att implementera DV påverkades av många faktorer som redan har fastställts av tidigare forskning. Dessa faktorer är: relativ fördel, testbarhet, roller och kompetens, stöd från ledning och externt stöd. Slutligen har även två nya faktorer identifierats som betydande för implementationen av DV, vilket var storlek och spridning av data samt i specifika fall omorganisering. / Data is today a central resource in many organizations and the amount of data increases every year. This could result in organizations being influenced to search for new technologies that can give them opportunities to make data-driven decisions on a larger scale. The technology that this study investigates is Data Virtualization (DV) since there is a clear research gap regarding why organizations choose to implement DV. The study uses the TOE framework with the purpose of mapping what makes organizations decide to implement DV. The study's data collection method is semi-structured interviews where four respondents from different companies in the Nordics were interviewed. The empirical data was analyzed to identify which factors were important for the implementation of DV. The result showed that the adoption decision of Nordic organizations is influenced by factors that have already been determined by previous research. These factors are: relative advantage, testability, roles and skills, top management support and external support. Finally, two new factors have also been identified as important for the implementation of DV: size and distribution of data and, in specific cases, reorganization.

The rapid changes in the global economy have imposed high pressure on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their operations. Many SMEs have realized how important it is to integrate all units in the business by introducing Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP systems).    The adoption decision phase in ERP systems is an early phase and is often confused with implementation, which is a major cause of failure. This confusion can especially hit hard on small and medium-sized companies that may lack sufficient resources. The adoption decision phase can be particularly crucial in such case. The purpose of this study is to investigate which driving forces that influence the adoption decision phase of ERP systems within SMEs. The Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theoretical framework was used to create a theoretical foundation for finding drivers from previous research.   Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with six ERP consultants. Respondents' responses were analyzed thematically, and 12 themes were identified as driving forces. These could then be compared with previous research. The driving forces identified were management and decision makers, benefits and efficiency, functionality, regulations and security, competition and the future, industry type and complexity, education and competence, finance and resources, supplier and solutions, integration with existing systems, maintenance and support, and challenges and uncertainty. The driving forces that were identified but could not be linked to previous research were functionality, and challenges and uncertainty.   Keywords: Adoption decision, driving forces, Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP system), small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE).

In an increasingly digitalized society, the cyber threats faced by banks have become more extensive and complex. At the same time, artificial intelligence has developed into a powerful and disruptive technology that can be used to strengthen cybersecurity and counter financial crime, among other things. The purpose of the study was to map how Swedish banks use AI to counteract cyber threats and financial crime, and what benefits and challenges this entails. The study is based on four qualitative interviews with bank officials specialized in cybersecurity or financial crime. The Technology-Organization-Environment framework is used to analyze the challenges and factors affecting the use of AI. The results show that AI models are used for several security purposes, such as preventing DDoS attacks, malware detection and identifying signs of financial crime. The main benefits of AI are the ability to analyze large amounts of data in real time and to identify patterns and anomalies that are difficult for the human eye to see. However, there are a number of challenges for Swedish banks in the adoption and use of AI related to regulation, ethics and competence.

Denna studie undersöker vad BI-konsulter ser som de kritiska faktorer som påverkar implementeringen av Business Intelligence (BI) i små och medelstora företag (SME) i Sverige. Trots de betydande fördelarna med BI, såsom förbättrad operativ effektivitet och datadrivet beslutsfattande, möter SME:s ofta utmaningar vid implementeringen. Studien syftar till att identifiera och analysera dessa faktorer med hjälp av Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) ramverket. För att uppnå syftet genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med BI-konsulter som har omfattande erfarenhet av att arbeta med SME:s. Resultaten visade att förståelse och kompetens relaterat till BI är kritiska för en lyckad implementering vilket korrelerar med faktorer som ledningsstöd, komplexitet, resursallokering och kompatibilitet. Denna uppsats bidrar till en djupare förståelse för de faktorer som påverkar BI-implementering i svenska SME:s och ger insikter som kan hjälpa företag att framgångsrikt utnyttja BI-teknikerför att förbättra sin operativa effektivitet och konkurrenskraft.

Submitted by Cristiane Oliveira (cristiane.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2011-05-24T13:29:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 71080100009.pdf: 1036762 bytes, checksum: 893b5d89a98bed04889918f91de73acc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-24T13:41:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 71080100009.pdf: 1036762 bytes, checksum: 893b5d89a98bed04889918f91de73acc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-24T13:43:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 71080100009.pdf: 1036762 bytes, checksum: 893b5d89a98bed04889918f91de73acc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-24T13:46:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 71080100009.pdf: 1036762 bytes, checksum: 893b5d89a98bed04889918f91de73acc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-26 / The research focus is to present an integrated analysis model for the behavior pattern of Brazilian banks in the Internet environment. A single case study was conducted at Banco do Brasil. Most interviews took place at Banco do Brasil’s administrative and technology headquarters in the city of Brasília, DF. An Integrated Analysis Model was presented based in many theories and structures of the organizational studies and information systems fields. Findings show that the studied phenomena can be understood with the simultaneous application of all selected theories, proving the complexity of the study object. Research limitations include the fact that this research was focused on a single case and also that it was not possible to run this research with a bigger sample of organizations. Study originality and contribution relies on proposing the Integrated Analysis Model with analysis structures and theories that help to understand the object of study. Future studies may replicate this research in a bigger number of companies to present a richer analysis. / O objetivo deste estudo é propor um modelo de análise integrada para a forma de atuação dos bancos brasileiros no ambiente da Internet. Para tanto foi conduzido um estudo de caso único com o Banco do Brasil. A maioria das entrevistas foi realizada nas sedes administrativa e de tecnologia do banco na cidade de Brasília, DF. Foi proposto um Modelo de Análise Integrada baseado em várias teorias e estruturas da área de estudos organizacionais e sistemas de informação. Entre as descobertas da pesquisa está a constatação de que o fenômeno estudado pode ser satisfatoriamente compreendido com o emprego de todas as teorias selecionadas, comprovando a complexidade do objeto desta pesquisa. O estudo apresentou entre suas limitações o fato de ter sido um estudo de caso único, como também a impossibilidade de se realizar esta pesquisa em amplo espectro, com um número consideravelmente maior de organizações. O ineditismo e a contribuição deste estudo residem no fato de ter proposto um modelo integrado com teorias e estruturas de análise que facilitam a compreensão do fenômeno observado. Em estudos futuros o pesquisador poderia incluir a pesquisa em um número maior de instituições para enriquecer a análise.