The map area is a four miles by ten miles strip that extends westward from the summit of Potato Hills. The centre of the map area lies about thirty miles north of Mayo, Y.T. Exposure is poor in many parts of the area, because of the thick Pleistocene cover. The rocks in the area are quartzites of the precambrian Yukon Group. Quartzite is generally micaceous and contains interbedded phyllite. Regional metamorphism (greenschist facies) has affected these rocks. An early bedding plane foliation has been modified by two distinct phases of folding. A granodiorite stock with related sills of similar composition has intruded the metamorphic assemblage and a five hundred feet wide thermal metamorphic aureole that contains corundum has been developed in the metasedimentary rocks around the stock. East trending and later north trending faults have disrupted the rocks. Mineralization in the area is of various types. Silver-lead-antimony veins occur in the west. A preliminary study of their mineralogy shows them to contain jamesonite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, tetrahedrite and boulangerite in a gangue of siderite and dolomite. Secondary minerals include bindheimite or stetefeldite, anglesite, goethite, scorodite, covellite and chalcosite. Two stages of Pleistocene ice advance have modified the topography. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

The Mount Brenner stock has intruded folded sedimentary and meta sedimentary rock that lie 40 miles northeast of Dawson City, Yukon Territory. The stock consists of four major concentric zones: (l) an outer zone of fine to medium-grained augite-biotite monzonite; (2) a zone of very coarse-grained monzonite porphyry; (3) an intermediate zone of porphyritic horn blende monzonite; and (4) a central zone of coarse-grained pink quartz monzonite porphyry. Except for the outer zone, all rock types are porphyritic and the alignment of feldspar phenocrysts gives the rocks a primary flow structure which conforms to steeply outward dipping gradational internal contacts. All external contacts are sharp. The regional structural trend is modified in the vicinity of the stock so that beds are generally conformable with the intrusive contact. From structural evidence, it is concluded that at the present level of erosion, the stock was emplaced by forceful injection. The different rock zones of the stock can be accounted for by differentiation of an augite-biotite monzonite magma by a combination of crystal fractionation , volatile and alkali diffusion, and multiple intrusion. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

During the summer of 1969 a thermal drilling and deep ice-temperature measurement program was carried out on the Fox Glacier, Yukon Territory. The thermal drilling resulted in seven instrumented holes at six locations on the glacier, three reaching bedrock. Temperature measurements indicated that the glacier was below the pressure-melting point throughout and that memory of a disturbed thermal regime existed. Estimates of geothermal heat flow were determined and an anomalous value of 4.73 μcal/cm² sec obtained. Bottom temperature models were developed which indicate the possibility of basal melting. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

I describe an experimental study of the importance of food limitation and predation at three trophic levels in a terrestrial food web. The study system was the herb layer vegetation - arthropod - insectivorous bird food chain in the boreal forest near Kluane Lake, southwestern Yukon. Since little is known about boreal bird communities, I conducted a descriptive study of the community of passerine and piciform birds at Kluane in addition to the main study. Variable circular plot point counts were used to estimate bird populations in 1987 through 1990. Species' habitat preferences, use of foraging substrates and diets were studied in 1988 and 1989. Population densities, species richness and evenness were all low. Yellow-rumped warblers (Dendroica coronata) and dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) dominated the community. Common species differed markedly in their habitat preferences, and showed generally low overlaps in their use of foraging substrates. There was little evidence of dietary specialization. There was rather little spatial variation in the community, and species composition and total density remained approximately the same through time. However, there were large fluctuations in some species' populations between 1987 and 1989. The experimental study was conducted at two scales. Chemical fertilizer was applied to two 570m x 570m areas in 1987, 1988 and 1989. I compared arthropod populations, bird populations and bird reproductive performance in these areas with those in two control areas. Two experiments using 5m x 5m plots were performed in 1988 to examine the effects of fertilization on plants and arthropods in more detail, and to study the responses of these trophic levels to the exclusion of passerine birds and mammalian herbivores. All three trophic levels responded positively to fertilization, but the results were variable and there were no very large increases in biomass or population size. Dark-eyed juncos nested one week earlier in fertilized areas, which may have enhanced their reproductive success. Passerine exclusion did not increase arthropod biomass, but exclusion of mammalian herbivores increased plant biomass. "Bottom-up" limitation by food appears to dominate this system, but "top-down" limitation also operates at at least one level. More work is needed to fully understand how the system functions. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The Macmillan Pass area is underlain by Hadrynian to Middle Devonian fine grained sedimentary strata and volcanic rocks of Selwyn Basin. Widespread occurrences of Upper Devonian debris flows and turbidites record uplift and erosion of older rocks to the west or northwest. Deposition of overlying, locally derived coarse clastic assemblages are related to subsequent formation of a graben-like, fault-bounded trough in the study area. Continued slow subsidence of the down dropped basin is reflected by anomalously large thicknesses of an overlying siliceous black shale unit. Upper Devonian strata are unconformably overlain by Mississippian(?) peri-tidal or shallow water clastic sedimentary rocks which record a gradual, northward sea level transgression. Paleozoic and older rocks are intruded by Cretaceous granitic bodies. Stratiform barite-lead-zinc mineralization on the Tom claims is contained in two tabular zones separated by a fault. Both zones occur at the transition between Upper Devonian locally derived coarse clastic rocks and overlying basinal shales. The two mineralized bodies together contain nine million tons of ore grade material averaging 8.6% Pb, 8.4% Zn and 2.8 oz/ton Ag, based on initial development work. The Tom West Zone, studied in detail, consists of seven stratiform mineral horizons, each with distinctly different characteristics. Ore textures vary from massive quantities of poorly bedded galena, sphalerite and pyrite to finely laminated barite and cherty argil lite with disseminated sulphide minerals. A mineralized and altered breccia body underlies the stratiform massive sulphide mineralization. Time-stratigraphic reconstructions of a cross-section through the Tom West Zone, with accompanying mineralogical and assay data, predicate a multi-stage genetic model. Each mineralizing event is time related to localized tectonic activity which resulted in the formation of depressions on the seafloor. Ore forming constituents were carried by geothermal fluids, ascending along cross-stratal permeability provided by deep-seated faults and venting to the seafloor through the breccia body. Exhalative fluids were initially relatively high temperature, cooling gradually through the life of the geothermal system. Observed metal and mineralogical zonation within the stratiform mineralization reflects these processes. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Unknown

A high-resolution radio echo sounder operating at a frequency of 840 MHz has been developed for sounding of small and medium-sized polar glaciers and ice caps. The sounder uses a compact, high-gain antenna which improves the system performance, suppresses valley wall echoes and simplifies operation from light aircraft. Successful field trials were carried out on the Rusty, Trapridge and Hazard Glaciers, Yukon Territory, Canada. Results of airborne surveys compare well with ice depths obtained from earlier ground-based soundings on the Rusty and Trapridge Glaciers. The maximum ice thickness encountered was 200 m on Hazard Glacier. Owing to the high operating frequency, random scattering from inhomogeneities within the ice is a major cause of signal degradation. For this reason the sounder cannot penetrate great thicknesses of temperate or debris-rich ice. Spatial averaging, an immediate result of operating from a moving platform, reduces the effects of back-scattered "clutter. " Results of ground-based tests on the Hazard Glacier yield a value for ftan 8 = 0.26 at -50C, in agreement with predicted values. The total received power and the echo details have both been found to be very sensitive to small (<<I0 cm) changes in antennae position. Large fluctuations in power, caused by roughness at or near the ice/air surface, prevented using single coverage data to detect birefringence in glacier ice. The results also indicate that the standard photographic records should be replaced by a recording medium capable of storing more precise and accessible data. A storage medium such as magnetic tape should not degrade the radar data, and would at the same time relieve a data processing burden. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Transportation has always been of vital importance in the Yukon because of the small population, the harsh climate, and the remoteness from large markets. It has imported almost all of its industrial and consumer goods, supported by the export of a limited tonnage of high value mineral concentrates. Little growth has occurred in the past fifteen years in the value of mineral production, as it has remained fairly constantly at about $14 million. At present, though, the Yukon is in a stage of transition as many ore bodies are being brought into production. The effect on the Yukon economy will be substantial, as one estimate sees the dollar value of production increasing more than three-fold by 1975. The objective of this thesis is to determine the impact of this economic change on the total transport system. It is thus necessary to establish a measurement of the present level of freight services (the year chosen is 1964) and to establish a forecast of freight services for 1975. The measurement and forecast are then used to determine in what way the economic change may influence transport rates and services. The main sources of information for this paper were the various transportation and mining companies that are engaged in Yukon activities. Considerable use was made of the 1966 Stanford Research Institute study that concerned itself with the economics of paving the Alaska Highway. While many other sources were also consulted, they were generally of lesser importance. The growth rate of goods going north into the Yukon is forecast to be a moderate 5% per annum. The growth in the amount of ore concentrates going out of the Yukon should be considerably larger. For every ton moving north into the Yukon in 1964, 1.5 tons of freight moved out of the area, while by 1975 the ratio should increase to 6.5 tons for every northbound ton. As the present and planned mining developments are principally in the area north and northeast of Whitehorse where the White Pass and Yukon Route has the competitive advantage, most of the direct increase in freight traffic should benefit the White Pass and Yukon Route. Other transport companies should benefit also, but more due to indirect effects of the mining developments on freight traffic. The increase in the level of freight should make possible a higher utilization of present facilities and lower average costs. It appears that especially for the White Pass and Yukon Route the potential for reductions in freight rates should increase. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

abstract: Although one finds much scholarship on nineteenth-century music in America, one finds relatively little about music in the post-Civil-War frontier west. Generalities concerning small frontier towns of regional importance remain to be discovered. This paper aims to contribute to scholarship by chronicling musical life in the early years of two such towns in northern Arizona territory: Prescott and Flagstaff. Prescott, adjacent to Fort Whipple, was founded in 1864 to serve as capital of the new territory. Primarily home to soldiers and miners, the town was subject to many challenges of frontier life. Flagstaff, ninety miles to the north-northwest, was founded about two decades later in 1883 during the building of the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad, which connected the town to Albuquerque, New Mexico in the east and southern California in the west. Although the particular resources of each town provided many different musical opportunities, extant newspaper articles from Prescott's Arizona Miner and Flagstaff's Arizona Champion describe communities in which musical concerts, dances and theatrical performances provided entertainment and socializing for its citizens. Furthermore, music was an important part of developing institutions such as the church, schools, and fraternal lodges, and the newspapers of both towns advertised musical instruments and sheet music. Both towns were home to amateur musicians, and both offered the occasional opportunity to learn to dance or play an instrument. Although territorial Arizona was sometimes harsh and resources were limited, music was valued in these communities and was a consistent presence in frontier life. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Music 2011

Orientador: Bernardo Mançano Fernandes / Resumo: O debate em torno do processo de land grabbing, entendido neste trabalho como controle do território – o poder de controlar o território e o acesso a este através de distintas relações diretas e indiretas – intensificou-se a partir da crise de sobreacumulação de 2007/2008. Concomitante a crise financeira, emergem outras crises [ou um receio ou discurso de escassez] como alimentar, ambiental, climática e energética. Os maiores alvos deste processo são os países do Sul global, porém o processo de controle do território está além da dicotomia Norte-Rico-Apropriador e Sul-Pobre-Apropriado. A América Latina é um dos principais alvos do processo e apresenta diferentes peculiaridades, como diferentes formas de apropriação e controle do território – compreendido através da multiescalaridade e multidimensionalidade; forte presença do capital regional; marcante compreensão de estrangeirização como sinônimo de land grabbing e a história do processo. O Paraguai, nosso recorte territorial, é uma nação que historicamente – desde o final da Guerra da Tríplice Aliança, em 1870 – é afetada pelo controle e estrangeirização do território, onde os maiores controladores são os empresas e pessoas físicas oriundas da Argentina, Brasil e, recentemente, Uruguai. A partir do estudo da territorialização do agronegócio argentino, brasileiro e uruguaio no Paraguai, o nosso objetivo é analisar a nova dinâmica territorial criada pelo processo de estrangeirização inserido em um processo mais amplo de contro... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

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