En esta investigación se abarca y profundiza en el tema del diseño interactivo para videojuegos de terror con una pregunta, ¿Cómo la interfaz gráfica contribuye con la usabilidad dentro de los ítems en los videojuegos Hello Neighbor (2018) y Poppy Playtime (2021)? En función del tema se propone como objetivo de investigación, analizar la interfaz aplicada en la usabilidad dentro de los ítems en los videojuegos de terror de Hello Neighbor (2018) y Poppy Playtime (2021). Además, la investigación parte de la hipótesis de que los ítems ayudan a balancear la dificultad de los videojuegos de terror dentro de la interfaz gráfica y contribuyen a la usabilidad, para lograr que el usuario termine de manera exitosa los niveles y disminuya la posibilidad de abandono. En este trabajo el tipo de investigación es de nivel descriptivo, no experimental, transversal descriptiva. También, se aplicaron herramientas donde se identificaron como resultados la relación entre: el énfasis dentro de la interfaz gráfica; el reconocimiento y familiaridad como elementos clave de la usabilidad; y el ítem como conjunción de iconicidad y legibilidad. Por último, se concluye que los ítems dentro de las interfaces gráficas tiene un impacto positivo dentro de la experiencia del jugador y contribuye junto a la usabilidad, para que se reduzca el tiempo de aprendizaje de las funciones y termine de manera exitosa los niveles. / This research covers and delves into the topic of interactive design for horror video games with a question, How the graphical interface contributes with the usability within the items in the video games Hello Neighbor (2018) and Poppy Playtime (2021)? Based on the topic is proposed as an objective, is to analyze the interface applied in the usability within the items in the horror video games of Hello Neighbor (2018) and Poppy Playtime (2021). In addition, the research starts from the hypothesis that the items help to balance the difficulty of horror video games within the graphical interface and contribute to the usability, to achieve the successful completion of the levels by the user and decrease the possibility of abandonment. In this work the type of research is descriptive, not experimental transversal descriptive. Also, tools were applied where the relationship between: the emphasis within the graphic interface; recognition and familiarity as key elements of usability; and the item as a conjunction of iconicity and legibility were identified as results. Finally, it is concluded that the items within the graphical interfaces have a positive impact on the player's experience and contribute together with the usability, to reduce the learning time of the functions and successfully complete the levels. / Trabajo de investigación

The continued use of weaponized drones in the War on Terror has stirred up a heated debate, both in the scholarly and academic world, and there is still no conclusive empirical evidence to suggest that they are effective. As such, there ought to be factors other than efficacy that impact the decision-making process. One factor that may play a significant part in how policy makers deliberate over high stakes decisions is what cognitive theorists refer to as analogical reasoning - relating the present to the past and using this comparison as a guideline in the decision-making process. This study analyzes historical analogies used in public speeches and remarks by U.S. President Barack Obama to ascertain if there is evidence to suggest that analogical reasoning has been part of the decision-making progress when it comes to drones, or if analogies mostly serve as a strategic tool to convey messages to the intended recipients. The findings suggest that in this instance, the analogies in relation to drones were used primarily in a strategic manner, but that cognitive analogical reasoning likely has been part of previous decisions in the War on Terror.

In vier Experimenten wurde der Einfluss der Auseinandersetzung mit der Bedrohung durch den globalen islamistischen Terrorismus auf die Einstellungen, Verhaltensweisen und affektive Verfassung deutscher Probanden untersucht. Während Lageorientierte nach der Auseinandersetzung mit Terrorismus lediglich erheblich eingeschränkt auf das Selbstsystem zugreifen konnten, blieb der Selbstzugang bei Handlungsorientierten nicht nur aufrecht erhalten, sondern nahm sogar noch zu. Darüber hinaus nutzten Lageorientierte ausschließlich stereotypenhafte und sozial-konforme Bewältigungsmechanismen, deren Einsatz keinen Selbstzugang voraussetzt. Diese so genannten selbstunabhängigen Abwehrstrategien bestanden unter anderem in einer erhöhten Identifikation mit unterschiedlichen sozialen Bezugsgruppen, einer eingeschränkten Kooperativität gegenüber einem Fremdgruppenmitglied, einer gesteigerten Orientierung an der sozialen Erwünschtheit sowie einer verstärkten Übernahme der politischen Meinungen einer Autorität. Handlungsorientierte bewältigten die Terrorkonfrontation dagegen in wesentlich flexiblerer Weise: Einerseits nutzten auch sie - wenn auch im Vergleich zu Lageorientierten in teilweise eingeschränktem Umfang - einige der selbstunabhängigen Bewältigungsmechanismen. Andererseits waren sie dazu in der Lage, so genannte selbstabhängige Abwehrstrategien zu verwenden, die in autonomen, flexiblen, einen Selbstzugang voraussetzenden Tendenzen bestehen: Ausschließlich Handlungsorientierte reagierten auf die vergegenwärtigte Terrorgefahr mit einer gesteigerten Kooperationsflexibilität bzw. -autonomie und einer impliziten Gegenregulation potentiell gesteigerter Stereotype gegenüber der muslimischen Kultur. Letztlich wirkte sich die Auseinandersetzung mit Terrorismus negativ auf den expliziten und impliziten affektiven Zustand Handlungs- und Lageorientierter aus.

La presente tesis constituye una aproximación al análisis semiótico y psicoanalítico del falso documental de terror desde el estudio de la película V/H/S: Las crónicas del miedo. Se postula que esta película generaría en el espectador un encuentro con el exceso y lo real, a través del goce escópico, el cual lo sumerge en un simulacro de trasgresión y lo somete a la sociedad hipermoderna. Para ello, la metodología se centra en el análisis de los elementos narrativos y audiovisuales presentes en la película. El análisis semiótico estudia la película como un enunciado e identifica las estructuras discursivas de la historia, el punto de vista, el accionar del enunciador y la respuesta del enunciatario. El análisis consiste en la lectura de los bragues enuncivos y enunciativos. Los datos que arroja el análisis son interpretados con los conceptos de la teoría psicoanalítica presentes en el texto cinematográfico. Estos son: la mirada, el goce escópico, la perversión, la neurosis, lo real traumático y la fantasía. Se elige como representante de este subgénero a la película V/H/S: Las crónicas del miedo, debido a su estructura significativa e isotópica, su narrativa de terror y sus diferentes formas de mostrar la mirada. La presente investigación concluye con lo siguiente: la película V/H/S: Las crónicas del miedo genera en el espectador un encuentro con el exceso y lo real, mediante el goce escópico, el cual lo sumerge en un simulacro de trasgresión y lo somete a la sociedad hipermoderna. Además, este encuentro con lo real evidencia el accionar perverso del enunciador y la respuesta neurótica del enunciatario.

This research is concerned with Pakistan¿s participation in the US-led `war on terror¿ in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001. The study seeks to explain how Pakistan¿s state practice in the aftermath of 9/11 was normalised and made possible. In explaining the state practice, the study draws on a constructivist conceptual framework; which is further enhanced by incorporating key theoretical insights from critical realism. In the first instance, the study proposes that Pakistan¿s participation in the `war on terror¿, seen as a set of actions and practices, was an outcome of a specific domestic political discourse. This discourse enabled and legitimised the state¿s alliance with the US and its abandonment of the Taliban regime. Secondly, the study is concerned with explaining why the particular discourse emerged in the shape and form that it did. In this context, the argument is that a depth `critical realist¿ ontological inquiry can reveal underlying and enduring global and domestic social structural contexts, and traces of agential influence as connected to the discourse. Consequently, this study conceptualises Pakistan¿s actions in the context of the `war on terror¿ as emerging from a multi-causal complex in which discourse, structure and agency are complicit. The study represents a departure from realist readings that emphasise a mono-causal relationship between the US and Pakistan. Instead, this research uses a synthesis of critical realism and constructivism to add a fresh perspective in terms of how we may conceptualise Pakistan¿s political practice in this instance.

This research paper investigates the current turmoil in Pakistan and how much of it has been caused by the joint American-Pakistani War on Terror. The United States' portion of the War on Terror is in Afghanistan against the Al-Qaeda and Taliban forces that began after the September 11th attacks in 2001, as well as in Pakistan with unmanned drone attacks. Pakistan's portion of this war includes the support to the U.S. in Afghanistan and military campaigns within it's own borders against Taliban forces. Taliban forces have fought back against Pakistan with terrorist attacks and bombings that continue to ravage the nation. There have been a number of consequences from this war upon Pakistani society, one of particular importance to the U.S. is the increased anti-American sentiment. The war has also resulted in weak and widely unpopular leaders. The final major consequence this study examines is the increased conflict amongst the many ethnicities within Pakistan. The consequences of this war have had an effect on local, regional, American, and international politics.

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We live in an era of advanced technological innovations and it is therefore difficult to acquire a proper overview of the different surveillance techniques deployed for the purpose of enhancing and administrating migration control. The intent of this paper is to disseminate one of the new technologies on the market: the biometric technology that is an identification and verification system based on measurements of biological traits. Different approaches are used to explore and investigate the technological functions, social structures and political justifications for their validity and their role in the implementation of the biometric technology. The paper also provides an overview of the different areas of political and social management that are affected by the implementation of the biometric techniques.The principal aim of this work is to examine how the implementation of the biometric techniques will affect privacy for all people, taking both information privacy and personal integrity into consideration. The second question deals with migration management, as the current implementation mainly involves travel documents. It focuses on the consequences of the so-called war on terror and its call for prevention of terrorism and irregular migration. The dilemma between national security and the right to privacy, public good and private interests, and the realms of state and individual rights are also discussed and analysed.Hence, the framework and the fundamental structure of this thesis are based on three core issues pertinent to the implementation of biometrics in the EU: threats posed on the right to privacy, securitization of migration, and intensification of surveillance and state control. The findings are used to identify the threats posed on right to privacy and the way this right is compromised, and the consequences of practices and policies in the field of migration that are discriminatory and exclusory. Lastly, by employing different theories, this paper examines why state seeks technological control over citizens and why individuals comply with state control and surveillance.

The trope of the queer cannibal recurs throughout fiction as well as film and television. While literature scholars such as David Bergman and Caleb Crain have written about this figure in American literature, the queer cannibal remains unstudied in the realm of media studies. This thesis analyzes six media texts that feature queer cannibals: Hannibal (2013-2015), Ravenous (1999), The Terror (2018), Yellowjackets (2021-), Raw (2016), and Bones and All (2022). Through these analyses, this thesis establishes a genre termed "queer cannibal texts." These texts function on two different levels: they include a cannibal character who is or can be read as queer, and they in some way cannibalize and queer an existing story or societal script. The presence of a queer cannibal character often signals that the work itself is a queer cannibal text. These texts are built on an awareness of existing power structures and narratives. By cannibalizing these narratives—whether they be a fictional narrative that is being adapted, or societal narratives of white supremacy, heteronormativity, and so on—and interrogating them from a queer perspective, queer cannibal texts create reparative narratives that speak from the margins. Queer cannibal characters act as a textual manifestation of this framework, providing a window through which the viewer is invited to examine and engage with these power structures in a new way.