Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die noodsaaklikheip om produktiwiteit en kwaliteit in hoer onderwys te verbeter, het aanleiding gegee tot die relatief nuwe totale kwaliteitbestuur (TQM)-beweging by tersiere onderriginstellings soos universiteite en technikons. Die integrering van die totale kwaliteitverwante konsepte van strategiese TOM -intensie, eksterne omgewingsfaktore, bestuur se reaksie, kwaliteitstelseleffektiwiteit en deurlopende verbetering in 'n model, dui die gekombineerde gevolge van genoemde konsepte op die institusionele verbetering van technikons en • universiteite aan. Die belangrikste veranderlikes (binne bogenoemde dimensies van die model) wat vir institusionele verbetering by onderskeidelik universiteite en technikons verantwoordelik is, toon ooreenstemming - universiteite en technikons verskil egter ten opsigte van ander minder belangrike veranderlikes. Die funksionering van die model is soos volg: Die bestuur (akademies en administratief) van die tersiere onderriginstelling identifiseer en erken, onderhewig aan aspekte soos leierskap, kennis, ervaring, en aanvaarding, sekere eksterne omgewingsfaktore wat verband hou met die klientebehoeftes (ekstern en intern) en institusionele verbetering. Gegewe genoemde beperkings en faktore besluit bestuur op die (suboptimale) strategiese TQM-intensie om aan klientebehoeftes te voldoen. Die strategiese TQM-intensie sal nou saam met bestuur se reaksie (deur die toepassing van die TQM-beginsels en -filosofie) wat die effektiwiteit van die kwaliteitstelsel bepaal, bepaal op watter kwaliteitvlak die instelling sal opereer. Die kwaliteitstelsel bestaan uit die bestuur-, tegniese. en sosiale stelsel, en is weer eens I aan deurlopende verbetering onderhewig. (Die bestuurstelsel dien as integreerder van die ander twee stelsels.) Die eindresultaat van die toepassing van die TQMfilosofie en -beginsels is institusionele verbetering. Verder kan die model en die resultate van hierdie studie deur universiteite en technikons gebruik word by die verbetering/implementering van hulle eie, unieke totale kwaliteitimplementeringsmodel(le) - 'n uitgebreide implementeringsmodel is vir die rede voorgehou. Laastens kan die (verkorte) meetinstrumente wat vir universiteite en technikons onderskeidelik bepaal is, gebruik word om die sukses met die implementering van TQM by 'n individuele instelling te meet. / The necessity to improve productivity and quality in higher education has resulted in the relatively new movement of Total Qua~ity Management(TQM) at tertiary institutions such as universities and technikons. The integration of the total quality-related concepts of_ strategic TQM intent, external environmental factors, reaction of management, effectiveness of the quality system and continuous improvement in a model, can be used to indicate their combined results on the institutional improvement of technikons and universities. The most important variables (within the above-mentioned dimensions of the model) responsible for institutional improvement at universities and technikons respectively, correspond - however, universities and technikons differ regarding the less important variables. The functioning of the model is. as follows: The management (academic and administrative) of the tertiary educational institution identifies and recognises, subject to aspects such as leadership, knowledge, experience and acceptance, certain external environmental factors which are related to the client's requirements (external and internal) and institutional improvement. Given the above restrictions and factors, management decides on the (sub-optimal) strategic TQM intent to satisfy client requirements. The strategic TOM intent together with the reaction of the management (by the application of the TOM principles and philosophy) which determines the effectiveness of the quality system, will determine on which quality level the institution will operate. The quality system comprises the management, technical and social system, and is again subject to continuous improvement. (The management system serves as an integrator of the other two systems). The end result of the application of the TOM philosophy and principles is institutional improvement. The model and results of the study can further be used by universities and technikons for the improvement\implementation of their own, unique, total quality implementation model(s) - for this reason an extended implementation model was presented. Lastly, the (abridged) measuring instruments established for universities and technikons respectively, can be used to measure the success with the implementation of TQM at an individual institution. / Business Management / D.B.L.

This dissertation examines personnel/staff development at Nazarene College of Theology (NCT) in Siteki, Swaziland. The argument developed is that an educational institution needs a personnel development programme that will continuously improve the teaching skills of its teachers/lecturers and improve their performance. A literature study was used to investigate the historical and educational developments that occurs at NCT. Data was collected by means of two interviews. The study was limited to a small group of eight respondents since the entire staff at NCT amounted to that number. The findings indicated that two activities, namely, continuing education and participation in academic/professional conferences are being used. The findings also revealed the limitations related to the high cost of tertiary education, personal problems, the length of time to complete a university course and a lack of adequate staff development policy. Based on these findings, brief recommendations to improve practice of staff development are suggested. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Education Management)

The historically black and historically white universities in South Africa were shaped by apartheid policies. Within this socio-political context the project started when I, who was a lecturer at a historically black university (HBU), was confronted by violent interactions between lecturers and students, and a perceived passivity on the part of management when lecturers were threatened by students with violence in social and academic settings. Based on socio-historical factors and my personal experiences, I explored the experiences of lecturers at an HBU, i.e. their relationship with students and management, to form an understanding about how the lecturers’ experiences influenced the unconscious dynamic processes of the intergroup transactions between themselves and the students and management. A qualitative research method was chosen because it allowed for the in-depth analysis and interpretation of the lecturers’ experiences in a particular HBU. Hermeneutic phenomenology, using the systems psychodynamic perspective, allowed for the description and interpretation of the lecturers’ experiences. Data collection entailed hermeneutic conversations with the nine lecturers from an HBU. In the analysis, interpretation and reporting of the findings, the interpretive stance proposed by Shapiro and Carr (1991) was used. This analysis and interpretation entailed a collaborative dimension – the analysed data was sent to the lecturers to ascertain whether the analysis was a reflection of their experiences, as well as to experts in the systems psychodynamic perspective to ascertain whether the interpretations were plausible. The relationship between students, lecturers and management was contradictory, because it was marked by hope for an effective working relationship and by continuing conflict and violence – resulting in the (k)not of relationship based on the (k)not of achievement apparent in the lecturers’ relationship with students, and the (k)not of performance evident in their relationship with management. The intergroup transactions between students, lecturers and management were marked by a reign of terror as threats of violence, or actual physical violence, were directed at lecturers by students with little or no intervention by management. By integrating the findings with systems psychodynamic literature, several working hypotheses and two research hypotheses regarding the (k)not of relationship between the three stakeholders were generated. / Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Text in English / The Student Self-Empowerment and Enrichment Programme (SSEEP), formed a resourceful context for this study, which was action-oriented and experience-based. The aim of the SSEEP was to disseminate knowledge, and to create a domain for dialogue that facilitated connection with others and created spaces for the telling and sharing of stories. The philosophy which informed this study was that individuals interpret their experiences and make sense thereof through narratives or stories, which are socially constructed through language. Qualitative research methods were used to interpret the data. Facilitators' and students' experiences in the SSEEP were recorded in field notes, and photographs and 'memory boxes', which were analysed using a hermeneutic method. Personal interviews with four students were analysed using narrative analysis. The purpose of this study was to identify the processes, themes and meanings that contribute to the enhancement of students' personal resources. Facilitators and/ or students co-constructed alternative stories to ones that thwarted their growth, or subjugated them, which led to the creation of new realities that individuals could 'perform', and to recreating themselves in new ways. They could not but be changed by the encounter, and moved from the anonymity of silence to the healing of affirmation through narrative. The promotion of healing, the provision of support or education, and improvement of self-understanding and personal efficacy, were goals that seemed to have been attained. It was also hoped that personal growth would bring life-enhancing contributions to other contexts as well, such as the students' personal, family and community contexts. The guidelines proposed in this study could be of value to those who wish to become involved at grassroots level in designing and implementing their own programmes in the tertiary-education context. They are particularly relevant within present day South Africa taking the diversity of the population into account. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

M.. Tech. (Information Technology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences), Vaal University of Technology) / The Green Paper for Post-School Education and Training states that higher education and training institutions are faced with the challenge of teaching underprepared students. Vaal University of Technology (VUT) Ekurhuleni has experienced an increase in the number of underprepared first year students from basic education to higher education, similar to other higher education institutions (HEIs) and training centres, and most of these students are familiar with messaging service applications. The purpose of this research is to determine if messaging service applications have a constructive role to play in supporting tertiary education. A variety of journals, books and other online materials were reviewed to learn and confirm the current information on messaging service applications and electronic communication interaction in higher education. A mixed methods research methodology has been adopted comprising of both qualitative and quantitative research. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews as well as questionnaires with structured questions to address the objectives of the study. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed to students and the sample (N=212) resulted in a response rate of 84.8%. Interviews were conducted targeting students doing a bridging course in Information Technology. In addition, data was collected from one of the messaging service applications, Whatsapp, for one semester with one class. For the analysis of the data, two theories—Social Presence Theory and Context Awareness Theory—were adopted. This research found that students who partook in the study displayed a positive perception of using messaging service applications in an educational environment. Furthermore, the textual interaction analysis indicates that students were able to successfully interact and use messaging services as educational supporting tool outside the classroom. From the findings a model has been developed which demonstrates how student learning outside the formal classroom learning environment can be supported through the use of messaging service applications. The research contributes to a better understanding of using of messaging service applications as an educational supporting tool in higher education. Messaging service applications enable students to forget about gender and cultural differences; it encourages them to work together as an online community. This research furthermore provides a basis for HEIs and academic leaders to initiate the discussion and consider the possibility of introducing messaging service applications as educational supporting tool outside the classroom.

89 Abstract This examined diploma thesis focuses on the sphere of tertiary education and its aim was especially to examine the study conditions of university students with visual impairment. The basis was to study professional literature and other sources to build a theoretical framework. It was essential to create an image of the student with visual impairment that the visual handicap and thereunder constraints were covered and it was also necessary to describe the young adulthood specifics. An important step was to characterize the environment wherein these student move. To do this I used legislative documents and provisions and tried to delineate any difficulties and implemented solutions. I also introduced research which previously examined this field and provided relevant information, too. This was the foundation for the practical part of this paper. It contained the survey wherein I addressed a few visually impaired students who conveyed their findings regarding their study conditions. I carried out semi-structural interviews with them and analyzed the obtained data with the help of the open coding method. I summarized the resulted findings in the final section and tried to suggest further steps. The first chapter dealt with the definition of the visually impaired individual. At first, visual...

Income inequalities have become a matter of major concern following reports that the working class and lower middle class of developed economies have income levels that are falling behind. Few studies have been conducted on the regional level even though this perspective might better capture the development of income inequalities, since national averages might hide local differences. This study uses panel data for 286 Swedish municipalities in between 1991-2017 and fixed effect regressions, to examine if the theory of a skill-biased technological change could be used to explain resent developments. We find an labor income divergence for Swedish municipalities within the studied time period. The share of high skilled workers is found to be a good predictor of the growth in regional labor income inequalities, while an ageing population of the regions falling behind counteracts the growth of inequality, possibly leading to an underestimation of the size of regional labor income divergence. These results are in support of a skill-biased technological change at work and a job polarization transforming regional labor markets and regional societies. We conclude that adopting a regional perspective in the analysis and development of future economic growth policies is necessary to ensure long term economic growth, equality of opportunity and social cohesion.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:25:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Gomes de Carvalho Fontana.pdf: 1000696 bytes, checksum: 8345609c2a95280c9ebf3af8b3187574 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This research had as an objective to understand the learning process of associate deans in private institutions of tertiary education. It has attempted to identify and interpret the main dimensions of the action of this professional and compare his learning process in different environment universities and colleges. The study leaned on, above all, discussions about formal and informal learning and the learning that happens at work. In the study of the literature, the scenario of institutions of tertiary education in Brazil was presented to contextualize them. The discussions about the dimensions of the action of the associate deans were also presented. It has been conducted a basic qualitative interpretative study with eight associate deans in Administration. The main strategy used for the collection of data was the semi-structured interview, however, the informal observation on the workplace and the consultation to the sites of the institutions involved also complemented the analysis. The results show that the deans learn the dimension of the team work, political dimension,technical dimension and critical-reflexive dimension, mainly, through informal practices, standing out the interactions that happen in the institutions, the experiences obtained throughout the professional career and in the practice of his work. It has found out that the different environment influence what (content) and how (process) they learn. The lack of sponsorship to programs designed to build up capacity and the excess load of work were some of the factors identified and considered obstacles in the learning process of these deans. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender o processo de aprendizagem de coordenadores de cursos de graduação em Administração inseridos em Instituições de Ensino Superior Privadas. Procurou-se identificar e interpretar as principais dimensões da ação desse profissional e comparar seu processo de aprendizagem em diferentes ambientes universidades e faculdades. O estudo apoiou-se, sobretudo, nas discussões sobre a aprendizagem formal e informal e a aprendizagem que ocorre no trabalho. Na revisão da literatura foram apresentados o cenário das instituições de ensino superior no Brasil procurando contextualizá-las e as discussões sobre as dimensões da ação do coordenador de curso. Foi conduzido um estudo qualitativo interpretativo básico com oito coordenadores de cursos de graduação em Administração. A estratégia fundamental utilizada para a coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada, no entanto, a observação informal dos locais de trabalho e a consulta aos sites das instituições envolvidas também complementaram as análises. Os resultados mostram que os coordenadores aprendem a dimensão do trabalho coletivo, dimensão política, dimensão técnica e dimensão crítico-reflexiva, principalmente, por meio de práticas informais, destacando-se as interações que ocorrem nas instituições, as experiências obtidas no decorrer da carreira profissional e no exercício de seu trabalho. Constatou-se ainda que os diferentes ambientes (Universidade x Faculdade) influenciam o que (conteúdo) e como (processo) aprendem. O pouco patrocínio a programas de capacitação e a sobrecarga de trabalho foram alguns dos fatores identificados e considerados obstáculos no processo de aprendizagem desses coordenadores.

In the Western world, and specifically in New Zealand, a major impetus for retraining has arisen quite recently and gone largely unnoticed. The new social phenomenon, retraining in the sense of education for occupational change, is examined in this study. Alongside the three traditionally recognised groups of adult learners: those learning for leisure; second chance learners who have been previously educationally disadvantaged; and upskillers who seek to enhance their existing credentials through further tertiary education; is a fourth; the reskillers, those who are seeking education for occupational change. Women are shown to be pioneers in leading social change in this area of retraining. The key questions investigated in this thesis concern the existence of this new phenomenon in New Zealand; whether it is national or worldwide; and whether its origins are local or international. Whether there are distinctive characteristics to the manifestation of this phenomenon in New Zealand is investigated by examining current policy and practice. Additional questions concern whether there are feature of New Zealand employment or education which make upskilling and reskilling more or less likely in this country; the significance of women being the first to take up education for occupational change and what can be learnt from comparison with other countries specifically the Netherlands and England. Education takes place within a set of intersecting socio-political contexts. In the modern world these are simultaneously international, national, local and institutional. They impact on participants in a course of study yet are not often manifest to the individual. 'Learning for life’ is a significant area of both international and national socio-political concern, manifesting itself in a significant set of public discourses and in social phenomena which, as in this case of education for occupational change, are little researched or understood. The historical evolution of public policy relating to adult learners, internationally, and in New Zealand, is documented, with a particular focus on the period from the 1960s onwards. The major theoretical and ideological constructs are outlined and critiqued particularly with reference to public policy in New Zealand. Analysis shows an inexorable shift over time away from knowledge and skills attained through praxis, to knowledge and skills attained through formal institutionalised learning. At the same time as this change was taking place, participation rates in first secondary, and then tertiary, education rose. Concurrently more and more women entered tertiary education in order to make their way into an increasingly credentialised workforce. It is suggested that, credentials are used for screening purposes in addition to providing individuals with knowledge and skills needed for the occupations they enter. Case studies are used to illustrate and document these changes. Policies relating to learning for life are examined with reference to three different countries: New Zealand, England and the Netherlands. Provision of tertiary education for adults is investigated, and then illustrated through the coverage provided by institutions in three cities, Christchurch, Leicester and Utrecht. These studies show that different countries are subject to international geo-political and ideological forces but respond to them in locally and historically determined ways. The case study/qualitative analysis of the Christchurch Polytechnic’s Next Step Centre for Women and the New Outlook for Women courses illustrates the ways in which the twists and turns of public policy in New Zealand over thirty years have affected women wishing to seek education for occupational change. A quantitative study of mature students and their motivations for returning to study at the Christchurch Polytechnic allows for the impact of public policy and institutional provision on a group of mature individuals to be assessed. The study concludes that education for occupational change appears to be more advanced in New Zealand than in the European countries chosen for comparison. This may result more from individual initiative and the conditions which promote this, than from state policy direction or institutional provision. Policy consequences are proposed on the basis of these findings.

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