Durant les années 1950, les autorités municipales, sous la pression du département de la police, ont demandé le déboisement d’une section du parc du Mont-Royal. Cette section, communément appelée la « Jungle » et principalement composée de broussailles, de buissons et d’arbres, était fréquentée par une clientèle considérée comme indésirable. Cette dernière comprenait, essentiellement, des alcooliques, des voyous, des pervers, et, surtout, des homosexuels. Leur éradication s’est alors déployée selon un plan en trois étapes qui avait pour objectif de simplifier les techniques de surveillance utilisées par le département de la police. D’abord, une augmentation de l’éclairage, puis, le déboisement de la « Jungle », et, finalement, la construction d’une route, aujourd’hui connue sous le nom de Camillien-Houde. Le parc devenait ainsi plus accessible et plus sécuritaire. Les coupes, que l’on a appelées les « coupes de la moralité », ont eu un effet considérable sur l’environnement et la composition écologique du parc, donnant, entre autres, aux Montréalais, l’impression que le parc était devenu chauve (ce qui lui conféra d’ailleurs le surnom de Mont Chauve). Les transformations du parc du Mont-Royal n’étaient cependant pas limitées à sa Jungle. En fait, des modifications furent aussi mises en application dans d’autres sections considérées comme sous-développées. La métamorphose du parc et de sa « Jungle » était un acte de développement caractéristique de l’ère moderniste de la planification du Montréal d’après-guerre. La re-planification du parc du Mont-Royal témoigne ainsi d’une volonté sans bornes des autorités d’instaurer la moralité et la modernité dans la ville, volonté qui aura pour conséquence d’altérer la composition écologique du parc. C’est ce qui sera à l’origine d’une campagne nommée « Save-the-Mountain Movement », qui a cherché à empêcher la modernisation de l’espace et milité pour la réhabilitation du parc en tant que boisé paisible. / During the 1950s, the municipal authorities, under pressure from the Police Department, called for the clearing of a section of Mount Royal Park—the so-called “Jungle” (composed mainly of undergrowth, bushes, and trees)—where a community of undesirable Park patrons had established themselves. This cohort of undesirables was understood as being composed mainly of alcoholics, thugs, perverts and most importantly homosexuals. Their eradication was undertaken through a threefold plan which would simplify the techniques of surveillance used by the Police Department; this would be achieved through (1) increased lighting, (2) clearing the Jungle, (3) construction of a roadway, now known as the Camillien-Houde roadway, thus making the Park more accessible and safe. The cuts, known as the Morality Cuts, had a lasting effect on the environmental and ecological composition of the Park, with the immediate repercussion of “balding” the Park, thereby giving it the nickname of Mount Baldy. Yet Mount Royal Park’s transformation was not limited to its Jungle. In fact, the transformation was undertaken in a number of the Park’s sections which were deemed undeveloped. The development Mount Royal Park and of its Jungle were therefore acts of development, under the umbrella of Montréal’s modernist postwar planning. Indeed, the re-planning of Mount Royal Park testifies to the unbounded will of the authorities to instill morality and modernity within the city, going to lengths that ultimately altered the ecological composition of the Park. This would in the end lead to an all out campaign named the Save-the-Mountain Movement, which sought to end the modernist encroachment of this space and rehabilitate the Park as a wooded and tranquil environment.

This thesis examines the Australia Army???s campaign on Papua from July 1942 to January 1943 with the focus on logistic support of the fighting arms and the relation of logistics to the tactics of tropical jungle warfare. It begins by examining the traditional approach to logistics in the military profession - the experience of Australian officers and forces in particular - from the First World War until May 1942, when the Australian territory of Papua was invaded. It establishes that the Army was poorly prepared because, as well as having never anticipated a prolonged land campaign in Papua-New Guinea, it lacked the logistic resources and knowledge of logistics as applicable to tropical jungle warfare. It then proceeds to examine the retreat over the Kokoda Track and the turning-point battles for Milne Bay and Imita Ridge. It demonstrates that the principal factor in the Australian retreat was logistic failure, as geography and lack of logistic resources prevented adequate supply of the fighting arms at least until lines of communication had been shortened; even then, difficulties remained. The thesis is rounded off by assessing the counter-attack across the territory of Papua for the capture of the enemy???s beachheads at Buna, Gona and Sanananda. It concludes that, as the island???s geography and tropical environment so dominated operations and since shortages of logistic equipment and units persisted, the Army could not perfect its logistic organisation by the end of this first phase of the New Guinea campaign. It fell back on improvisation and the fortitude of troops to triumph over the Japanese.

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This thesis examines the Australia Army???s campaign on Papua from July 1942 to January 1943 with the focus on logistic support of the fighting arms and the relation of logistics to the tactics of tropical jungle warfare. It begins by examining the traditional approach to logistics in the military profession - the experience of Australian officers and forces in particular - from the First World War until May 1942, when the Australian territory of Papua was invaded. It establishes that the Army was poorly prepared because, as well as having never anticipated a prolonged land campaign in Papua-New Guinea, it lacked the logistic resources and knowledge of logistics as applicable to tropical jungle warfare. It then proceeds to examine the retreat over the Kokoda Track and the turning-point battles for Milne Bay and Imita Ridge. It demonstrates that the principal factor in the Australian retreat was logistic failure, as geography and lack of logistic resources prevented adequate supply of the fighting arms at least until lines of communication had been shortened; even then, difficulties remained. The thesis is rounded off by assessing the counter-attack across the territory of Papua for the capture of the enemy???s beachheads at Buna, Gona and Sanananda. It concludes that, as the island???s geography and tropical environment so dominated operations and since shortages of logistic equipment and units persisted, the Army could not perfect its logistic organisation by the end of this first phase of the New Guinea campaign. It fell back on improvisation and the fortitude of troops to triumph over the Japanese.

The present thesis aims to explore and argue for an idea called Bilateral transition. Bilateral transition is based on the concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainable consumption and relates to how organisations behind product labels develop their profiling of product labels in a Swedish context. The study is centred around three parts, each approaching the topic from a different angle: a historical angle, a contemporary angle and a future oriented angle. The first theme provides a historical context of different product labels found on the Swedish market. The second theme centres around a critical discourse analysis of market reports from the Swedish food label KRAV, with some quantitative elements incorporated, resulting in an analysis that addresses the change in profiling of Swedish product labels connected to sustainability and environment. The final theme is a qualitative analysis of quantitative data on consumer opinions concerning product labels in Sweden, based on an internship at Djurens Rätt. The latter study aims at investigating the perceived confusion surrounding product labelling and how transparency and a holistic profiling concerning sustainability might affect consumers. The final sub theme also addresses how emerging product labels can redirect their profiling towards producers and consumers. The final chapter contains a concluding discussion, where the results from the different parts have been compiled. The main result established in the thesis is that product labels (with focus on foods in Sweden) have undergone a transition in profiling, from focusing on one specific issue (e.g. organic farming), towards inclusion of a wider range of issues i.e. a holistic type of profiling towards sustainability. This might attract a broader target group of potential customers, in response to a broader societal focus on sustainability. The aim of the thesis has not been to draw any definite conclusions, but has rather been to make the present product label market in Sweden more comprehensive, by connecting the past, present and developing aspects of the topic of product labels in Sweden. The conclusion of the thesis has therefore resulted in establishing the idea of a bilateral transition in sustainability profiling on product labels in Sweden.

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Ornelas Berriel / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T07:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rocha_HelioRodriguesda_D.pdf: 7011624 bytes, checksum: e1b3ce37e5505507da0c065d73ba360d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Estudar as representações da Amazônia brasileira e elaborar a tradução de The Sea and Jungle, de Henry Major Tomlinson, são os objetivos centrais desta tese de doutorado. O autor do referido relato de viagem é um jornalista britânico que, no final de dezembro de 1909, dispensado de seus ofícios no Morning Leader, embarcou no navio S. S. England, em Swansea, País de Gales e, depois de cruzar o oceano Atlântico, aportou em Belém do Pará, Brasil; dali seguiu, via rios Pará, Amazonas e Madeira, para Porto Velho, atual capital do Estado de Rondônia, ponto inicial da Estrada de Ferro MadeiraMamoré. O navio levava suprimentos e maquinaria para a referida ferrovia. É justamente ao longo de parte de seu traçado, na extensão entre Porto Velho e a cachoeira denominada Caldeirão do Inferno, que esse peregrino londrino empreende uma excursão tendo como guia o texano Marion Hill, com quem se encontrou ao chegar àquele porto, em plena selva. O Mar e a Selva estabelece fios tessitivos com Odisséia de Homero, e se compõe, portanto, tanto de histórias de marinheiros e de aventuras do herói, quanto de descrições do mundo real e de um mundo mítico e fictício que contribuem na constituição do sujeito. Em se tratando de um discurso de um viajanteperegrino adoto, então, certos paradigmas: a noção de discurso e "artes da existência" cunhadas por Michel Foucault; a primeira em A arqueologia do Saber e A ordem do discurso e, a segunda, em A história da sexualidade: o uso dos prazeres; adoto, também, alguns conceitos advindos dos Estudos PósColonialistas, Utópicos, Crítica Literária, Filosofia e Estética. O Mar e a Selva reflete e refrata uma determinada realidade social de dois mundos, o do viajante e o do viajado, ou seja, do nativo e, a partir dessa "dança de espelhos", investigo em que medida o narrador critica sua sociedade pelos olhares que lança a outras comunidades amazônicas. Verifico também como ele reconstroi a si mesmo a partir da convocação de antigos viajantes (Hakluyt, Humbolt, Wallace, Bates), de correntes filosóficas (Pirronismo e Gymnosofismo), de escritores como Thoreau, Emerson, Drake, Spruce, Pikes, Raleigh, Burney, Defoe; de personagens bíblicos (Moisés, Jonas, Josué), de lendas e mitos gregos e romanos, etc. ao palco de sua composição literária e, conjuntamente, do "si mesmo". O eixo argumentativo desta tese é que este relato se apresenta, em primeiro lugar, como uma crítica políticomoral à Inglaterra e ao Brasil e serve como um exercício de elevação dos pensamentos rumo ao Sublime, "a alma do corpo retórico", diz Weiskel via Longino. Em segundo, as representações da Amazônia a configuram ora como o Campos Elísios, ora como o Tártaro. Assim, alto e baixo, vastidão e infinitude, luzes e trevas, vilania e nobreza, paraíso e inferno, feiúra e beleza, ordem e desordem, vida e morte se entrelaçam no percurso do viajante ideal. Portanto, ele vai além da escrita do que ele vê, e faz com que o leitor também veja / Abstract: To study the representations of Brazilian Amazon and to translate Henry Major Tomlinson's The Sea and the Jungle are the main purposes of this thesis. The book was written by a British journalist who in the month of December 1909, released from his work at Morning Leader and boarded S. S. England in a coal port in Swansea, Wales. After crossing Atlantic ocean, the author arrived in Para, Brazil, and from there, he steamed up the Amazon and Madeira Rivers to Porto Velho the current capital of Rondonia State that was then the initial point of MadeiraMamore Railway. The steamership carried coal and machinery to the railway. It is exactly alongside of its track, between Porto Velho and Hell's Cauldron Falls extension that the londoner peregrin undertakes his journal with Marion Hill, his Texan guide whom he met when he arrived at that port in the Jungle. The Sea and the Jungle stablishes relation of intertextuality to Homer's Odissey and it contains sailor's stories and hero's adventures and descriptions of true and mythical world that contribute to the subject's construction. As the book explores travelers and peregrin's discourses, we follow some paradigms: Michel Foucault's notion of discourse and "arts of existence"; the first is in his books A arqueologia do saber and A ordem do discurso; the second is in História da sexualidade: o uso dos prazeres. We follow too some notions derived from PostColonial and Utopian Studies, Literary Criticism, as well as Phylosophy and Asthetics. The Sea and the Jungle reflects and refracts determined social reality of two worlds, traveler's and travelee's, that is the object of the traveler's writing. Throughout this "dancing of mirrors" we investigate to what dimension the narrator criticizes his society from some glances that he projects on others communities. Moreover, we ask how the narrator builds up himself by using references to old travelers, (Hakluyt, Humbolt, Pikes, Wallace, Bates, etc.), some philosofic streaming (Pyrronism e Gymnosofism), to writers such as H. D. Thoreau, R. W. Emerson, F. Drake, D. Spruce; biblical characters as (Moses, Jons, Josuah), to some legends and Greek and Roman myths which he brings to the stage of his literary composition. The argumentative pivot of this thesis is that this travel writing presents itself first as a political and moral criticism to England and Brazil. Second, as an exercise of high thoughts towards the Sublime, "the soul of rethoric body", according to Weiskel when quoting Longino. The representations of the Amazon are configured now as Elysium sometimes as Hell. So, height and lowness, vastness and infinity, light and darkness, villainy and nobility, heaven and hell, ugliness and beauty, order and disorder, life and death are interlaced in the ideal traveller's enterprise. Therefore the author goes beyond writing about the seen, he also makes the reader see / Doutorado / Historia e Historiografia Literaria / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

El presente trabajo de investigación titulado “EFECTOS DE LA ASOCIATIVIDAD EN LAS EXPORTACIONES DE CAFÉ ORGÁNICO DE LA SELVA CENTRAL DEL PERÚ EN EL PERIODO 2016-2018”, tiene como objetivo determinar los efectos de las cooperativas y asociaciones de la selva central del Perú en la cantidad exportada de café orgánico en el periodo 2016-2018. Su importancia radica entre los efectos de la asociatividad y su influencia en las cantidades exportadas, en vista que se identificó que, en el periodo analizado, los valores de exportación de café orgánico decrecieron en comparación a los años anteriores; sin embargo, la cantidad exportada del mismo producto incrementó en el mismo periodo, siendo las cooperativas y asociaciones quienes tuvieron mayor crecimiento. En el proceso de la investigación se consultó diversas fuentes secundarias vinculadas a los efectos de la asociatividad en las exportaciones, los beneficios de la asociatividad, los obstáculos de la asociatividad, los programas del estado que incentivan las exportaciones y la situación actual de las exportaciones del café orgánico. Esto permitió constituir el marco teórico, marcando las pautas para desarrollar la investigación. El tipo de investigación es cuantitativa, el diseño de la investigación es explicativa transversal simple y no experimental. Asimismo, el cuestionario se aplicó a 32 organizaciones entre cooperativas y asociaciones cafetaleras de la selva central (Satipo, Chanchamayo y Oxapampa), quienes representaron al tamaño de muestra. Para la validación de la hipótesis planteada se utilizó el método estadístico de Chi-Cuadrado de Pearson, la cual fue complementado con la prueba exacto de Fisher para medir su fiabilidad. Por último, los resultados obtenidos del cuestionario aplicado en el presente estudio se validaron que los efectos de la asociatividad influyen en el crecimiento de la cantidad exportada de café orgánico. / The present research work entitled "EFFECTS OF ASSOCIATIVITY ON EXPORTS OF ORGANIC COFFEE FROM THE CENTRAL JUNGLE OF Perú IN THE PERIOD 2016-2018" aims to determine the effects of cooperatives and associations in the central jungle on the quantity of coffee exported organic in the period 2016-2018. Its importance lies between the effects of associativity and its efficient impact on the quantities exported, given that it was identified that, in the period analyzed, the values ​​of exports grew minimally compared to previous years; however, cooperatives and associations increased their exported produced quantity. In the research process, various secondary sources related to the effects of associativity on exports, the benefits of associativity, the obstacles to associativity, the state programs that encourage exports, and the current situation of organic coffee. This allowed to constitute the theoretical framework, setting the guidelines for developing the research. The type of research is quantitative, the research design is explicative, cross-sectional and non-experimental. Likewise, the questionnaire was applied to 32 organizations between cooperatives and coffee associations in the central jungle (Satipo, Chanchamayo and Oxapampa), who represented the sample size. For the validation of the hypothesis presented, the Pearson's Chi-square statistical method was used, which was complemented with the Fisher exact test to measure its reliability. Finally, the results obtained from the questionnaire applied in the present study validated that the effects of associativity influence the growth of the quantity of organic coffee exported. / Tesis

En la actualidad, el mundo entero está pasando por una situación excepcional y retadora. Esto se debe a la pandemia que ha tocado vivir atodos los ciudadanos en estos tiempos. Por ello, se ha visto necesario acceder a cuarentenas focalizadas para evitar cualquier tipo de contagios por el acercamiento o aglomeración de personas, ello ha ocasionado que varios negocios quiebren al disminuir notoriamente sus ingresos mensuales.En el presente trabajo, se busca la viabilidad de un servicio que mezcla las ventas online junto con productos que ayuden a levantar las defensas en las personas, especialmente en estos tiempos que se amerita estar muy bien alimentados. Lo que busca este proyecto es poder combatir los malos hábitos de consumo a través de frutos exóticos de la selva peruana que aporten vitaminas y/o nutrientes que mejoren el estilo de vida con fines sociales para comunidades de la selva peruana.Por ello, luego de realizar un proceso de idealización el cual permitió escoger la idea de negocio más asertiva, se realizó el modelo de negocio que permite una mayor descripción de nuestro proyecto. Posterior a ello, se realizaron experimentos para validar el mismo. Finalmente, se realizó el concierge con todos los resultados obtenidos de las validaciones y estrategias junto con los objetivos a desarrollar. / Currently, the entire world is going through an exceptional and challenging situation. This is due to the pandemic that all citizens have experienced in these times. For this reason, it has been necessary to access focused quarantines to avoid any type of contagion due to the approach or agglomeration of people, this has caused several businesses to go bankrupt by significantly reducing their monthly income.This proyect triesto find the viability of a service that mixes online sales with products that helps to raise people's defenses is sought, especially in these times when it is necessary to be very well fed. This project seeks is to be able to combat bad consumption habits through exotic fruits from the Peruvian jungle that provide vitamins and / or nutrients that improve the lifestyle for social purposes for communities in the Peruvian jungle.Therefore, after carrying out an idealization process which allowed us to choose the most assertive business idea, the business model that allows a greater description of our project was created. After that, experiments were carried out to validate it. Finally, the concierge was held with all the results obtained from the validations and strategies together with the objectives to be developed. / Trabajo de investigación

Actualmente existen tendencias hacia el consumo de alimentos saludables, con propiedades nutricionales, orgánicas y en presentaciones deshidratadas. El Perú se ubica dentro de los países que producen este tipo de alimentos, debido a su biodiversidad y a la promoción de la marca Perú, la cual logró crear la marca sectorial Superfoods. Dentro de estos superalimentos, se encuentra el Aguaymanto Deshidratado, el cual cuenta con mayor producción en la región Huánuco. Ante ello, se evidencia las oportunidades de potenciar esta oferta exportable. Es por ello, que el Gobierno crea el programa Sierra y Selva Exportadora, el cual busca impulsar la actividad económica en zonas rurales, disminuyendo la pobreza y logrando el acceso a los productores a mercados competitivos y sostenibles. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la relación del programa y el desempeño exportador de los productores asociados de Aguaymanto Orgánico Deshidratado de la región Huánuco, considerando las Líneas de Apoyo Informativo, Operativo y en Desarrollo Económico que brinda SSE. El enfoque utilizado para la investigación es cualitativo, realizando 20 entrevistas a productores y expertos del sector. Con relación a los resultados, se comprobó una relación parcialmente positiva entre el programa y el desempeño exportador de los productores asociados entre los años 2016-2020. En adición a ello, se determinó la relación de las subcategorías i) Resultados Económicos, ii) Estrategias de Exportación iii) Resultados Genéricos con el desempeño exportador. / Nowadays there are trends towards the consumption of healthy foods, with nutritional properties, organic and in dehydrated presentations. Peru is located within the countries that produce this type of food, due to its biodiversity and the promotion of the Peru brand, which managed to create the Superfoods sector brand. Within these superfoods, is the Dehydrated Aguaymanto, which has the highest production in the Huánuco region. Given this, the opportunities to enhance this exportable supply are evident. For this reason, the Government created the Sierra y Selva Exportadora program, which seeks to boost economic activity in rural areas, reducing poverty and giving producers access to competitive and sustainable markets. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between the program and the export performance of associated producers of Organic Dehydrated Aguaymanto in the Huánuco region, considering the Informative, Operational and Economic Development Support Lines provided by the SSE. The approach used for the research is qualitative, conducting 20 interviews with producers and experts in the sector. Regarding the results, a partially positive relationship was found between the program and the export performance of the associated producers between the years 2016-2020. In addition to this, the relationship of the subcategories i) Economic Results, ii) Export Strategies iii) Generic Results with export performance was determined. / Tesis

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