Saugumo Taryba yra viena pagrindinių Jungtinių Tautų institucijų. Ji turi tiek bendruosius, tiek specialiuosius įgaliojimus. Bendrasis įgaliojimas – tarptautinės taikos ir saugumo užtikrinimas. Specialieji įgaliojimai yra išvardinti Chartijos VI, VII, VIII ir XII skyriuose. Saugumo Taryba gali imtis įvairių priemonių ir pritaikyti atitinkamas sankcijas agresoriams. Ši institucija priima teisiškai įpareigojančias rezoliucijas pagal Chartijos VII skyrių ir jos yra privalomos Magistrinio darbo bendrojoje dalyje aptariama Saugumo Tarybos istorinė raida, jos sudėtis. Specialiojoje dalyje analizuojami bendrieji ir specialieji įgaliojimai. Atkreipiamas dėmesys į Chartijos VI bei VII skyrius. VI skyriuje nurodomos taikios priemonės, kurių gali imtis Saugumo Taryba, siekdama išspręsti ginčą. Chartijos VII skyriaus straipsniuose įtvirtinama institucijos teisė taikyti ekonomines, socialines, diplomatines ar net karinio pobūdžio sankcijas. Probleminiai aspektai atskleidžiami kalbant apie Saugumo Tarybos priimamas rezoliucijas ir jomis taikos misijoms suteikiamą mandatą, pačių misijų efektyvumą. Analizuojamas įgaliojimų įgyvendinimas ir problemos, su kuriomis susiduriama veikiant visos tarptautinės organizacijos vardu. Taip pat aptariamas Saugumo Tarybos reformos būtinumas, galimi reformos variantai, kadangi dėl nuolatinių narių turimos veto teisės stringa institucijos darbas, nesugebama susitarti dėl svarbių sprendimų priėmimo. Dėmesys skiriamas ir Saugumo Tarybos bei konkrečių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Security Council is one of the main institutions of the United Nations. It has both general and special powers. General power is maintenance of international peace and security. Special powers are indicated in VI, VII, VIII and XII chapters of the Charter of United Nations. Security Council can undertake various sanctions against aggressors. This institution enacts legally binding resolutions according to VII chapter of the Charter. They are obligatory. Historical process and composition of the Security Council is being discussed in the first part of this work. General and special powers of the Security Council are described in another part of this master thesis. The main problems of this work are concentrated on enactment of resolutions of the institution and effectiveness of peace – keeping missions. Also necessity of the reform of the Security Council is mentioned. Cooperation between Security Council and regional organizations is described too. Finally, author of this work provides conclusions using logical method. The importance of the Security Council in maintaining international peace and security is beyond a reasonable doubt. However, often states are not willing to obey the requirements of the Security Council. More effective and operative participation in solution of conflict would be possible after the reform of the Security Council.

Magister Legum - LLM (Public Law and Jurisprudence) / The international human rights architecture experienced a shift from states to individual rights within a state. This is mainly informed by the fact that states committed human rights atrocities against their own civilians. This necessitated a shift from an emphasis on sovereignty and noninterference to intervention on grave human rights violations. Article 2 of the UN Charter calls for respect of sovereignty and discourages the use of armed force against the territorial integrity of any state.1 To reinforce this position, the United Nations (UN) member states adopted the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine through the UN World Summit outcome document in 2005. This document effectively gave the international community the right to intervene into the affairs of a member state if the state is failing to halt human rights abuses within its territory.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 695192 bytes, checksum: 6b90fa3754bab0b65ce09e5ee15cc110 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work has by object to examine the thematic of the Security Council s reform and the pretensions of Brazil, to contribute in a comprehension of a subject so interesting, relevant and urgent to the International Society and the United Nations. The Organ in question is responsible for the monitoring of international peace and security, being the principal organ of the United Nations, monopolizing the capacity of adopting coercive measures of the Organization, which are the sanctions and the use of the Force, to any Estate-Member that disrespects the principles and purposes of the UN s Charter. However, this Organ, very important for that the UN can manage and stabilize the International Society, needs reforms in its structure, that preserves an obsolete composition of fifteen members, being five permanents with right of veto, beyond the regulamentation and the amplification of its attributions, so that the UN can develop conjoined with its members each purpose and principle included in its Constituent Treaty. The UN s Security Council reform is also a subject very defended by Brazil, although it doesn t have a foreign policy well defined allowing to have a major international force than it actually has and that prejudices the country in its pretensions, which aren t very well defined too. It is the State-member of UN that for ten times occupied the elective seats of the organ, beside of Japan, that is the one that more occupied the function of elective member of Security Council. Its activism during its biennials always was for promoting the pacific ways of controversies instead of taking more rigid measures, which are the sanctions and the authorized force of the Security Council to prevail its purposes, pleading a seat as permanent member and the amplification of the number of permanent and elective members to equilibrate the forces inside the organ. The research will be developed in three parts: to explore the generality of the International Society and of the United Nations to insert the UN s Security Council; to develop and to discuss the UN s Security Council reform; and to debate the interests that the Brazil has about this Organ. / Este trabalho tem por objeto examinar a temática da reforma do Conselho de Segurança e as pretensões do Brasil, para contribuir na compreensão de um assunto tão interessante, relevante e urgente à Sociedade Internacional e as Nações Unidas. O órgão em questão é responsável pelo monitoramento da paz e da segurança internacionais, sendo o principal órgão das Nações Unidas, monopolizando a capacidade de adotar medidas coercitivas da Organização, que são as sanções e o uso da Força, a qualquer Estado-membro que desrespeite os princípios e propósitos da Carta da ONU. Contudo, este Órgão, importantíssimo para que a ONU possa gerenciar e estabilizar a Sociedade Internacional, necessita de reformas em sua estrutura, que preserva uma composição obsoleta de quinze membros, sendo cinco permanentes com direito de veto, além da regulamentação e da ampliação de suas atribuições, a fim de que a ONU possa desenvolver conjuntamente com os seus membros cada propósito e princípio contido em seu Tratado-constitutivo. A reforma do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas também é um assunto muito defendido pelo Brasil, embora este não tenha uma política externa bem definida que permita ter uma força internacional maior do que tem atualmente e que prejudica o país em suas pretensões, que também não são bem definidas. O Brasil é o Estado-membro da ONU que por dez vezes ocupou os assentos eletivos do Órgão, ao lado do Japão, o que mais ocupou a função de membro eletivo do Conselho de Segurança. O seu ativismo durante os seus biênios sempre foi de promover os meios pacíficos de controvérsias ao invés das medidas mais rígidas, que são as sanções e a Força autorizada pelo Conselho de Segurança para prevalecer os seus propósitos, pleiteando uma vaga como membro permanente e a ampliação do número de membros permanentes e eletivos para equilibrar as forças dentro do Órgão. A pesquisa será desenvolvida em três partes: explorar a generalidade da Sociedade Internacional e das Nações Unidas para inserir o Conselho de Segurança da ONU; desenvolver e discutir a reforma do Conselho de Segurança da ONU; e debater os interesses que o Brasil tem a respeito do Órgão. xx

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 695194 bytes, checksum: e81f1430ef9fa1ebfc1605ac0720350c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work has by object to examine the thematic of the Security Council s reform and the pretensions of Brazil, to contribute in a comprehension of a subject so interesting, relevant and urgent to the International Society and the United Nations. The Organ in question is responsible for the monitoring of international peace and security, being the principal organ of the United Nations, monopolizing the capacity of adopting coercive measures of the Organization, which are the sanctions and the use of the Force, to any Estate-Member that disrespects the principles and purposes of the UN s Charter. However, this Organ, very important for that the UN can manage and stabilize the International Society, needs reforms in its structure, that preserves an obsolete composition of fifteen members, being five permanents with right of veto, beyond the regulamentation and the amplification of its attributions, so that the UN can develop conjoined with its members each purpose and principle included in its Constituent Treaty. The UN s Security Council reform is also a subject very defended by Brazil, although it doesn t have a foreign policy well defined allowing to have a major international force than it actually has and that prejudices the country in its pretensions, which aren t very well defined too. It is the State-member of UN that for ten times occupied the elective seats of the organ, beside of Japan, that is the one that more occupied the function of elective member of Security Council. Its activism during its biennials always was for promoting the pacific ways of controversies instead of taking more rigid measures, which are the sanctions and the authorized force of the Security Council to prevail its purposes, pleading a seat as permanent member and the amplification of the number of permanent and elective members to equilibrate the forces inside the organ. The research will be developed in three parts: to explore the generality of the International Society and of the United Nations to insert the UN s Security Council; to develop and to discuss the UN s Security Council reform; and to debate the interests that the Brazil has about this Organ. / Este trabalho tem por objeto examinar a temática da reforma do Conselho de Segurança e as pretensões do Brasil, para contribuir na compreensão de um assunto tão interessante, relevante e urgente à Sociedade Internacional e as Nações Unidas. O órgão em questão é responsável pelo monitoramento da paz e da segurança internacionais, sendo o principal órgão das Nações Unidas, monopolizando a capacidade de adotar medidas coercitivas da Organização, que são as sanções e o uso da Força, a qualquer Estado-membro que desrespeite os princípios e propósitos da Carta da ONU. Contudo, este Órgão, importantíssimo para que a ONU possa gerenciar e estabilizar a Sociedade Internacional, necessita de reformas em sua estrutura, que preserva uma composição obsoleta de quinze membros, sendo cinco permanentes com direito de veto, além da regulamentação e da ampliação de suas atribuições, a fim de que a ONU possa desenvolver conjuntamente com os seus membros cada propósito e princípio contido em seu Tratado-constitutivo. A reforma do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas também é um assunto muito defendido pelo Brasil, embora este não tenha uma política externa bem definida que permita ter uma força internacional maior do que tem atualmente e que prejudica o país em suas pretensões, que também não são bem definidas. O Brasil é o Estado-membro da ONU que por dez vezes ocupou os assentos eletivos do Órgão, ao lado do Japão, o que mais ocupou a função de membro eletivo do Conselho de Segurança. O seu ativismo durante os seus biênios sempre foi de promover os meios pacíficos de controvérsias ao invés das medidas mais rígidas, que são as sanções e a Força autorizada pelo Conselho de Segurança para prevalecer os seus propósitos, pleiteando uma vaga como membro permanente e a ampliação do número de membros permanentes e eletivos para equilibrar as forças dentro do Órgão. A pesquisa será desenvolvida em três partes: explorar a generalidade da Sociedade Internacional e das Nações Unidas para inserir o Conselho de Segurança da ONU; desenvolver e discutir a reforma do Conselho de Segurança da ONU; e debater os interesses que o Brasil tem a respeito do Órgão.

The regional security aspect is becoming increasingly more important within security studies. The United Nations and the United Nations Security Council has expressed an intent to utilize regional organizations as security actors with regards to maintaining international peace and security, with the purpose of achieving a greater sense of legitimacy for conflict resolution. This study aims to explore the possibilities of using such organizations within regions of varying stability, and how this usage can relate to the idea of legitimacy. Based on regional security complex theory, this study seeks to show how regional organizations have been used by the Security Council within different security sectors, and how this usage is affected by the degree of integration within the region. The result of the study show that the idea of legitimacy is easiest to achieve in regions with a mid-level degree of regional integration and concerning questions of political security. The results also show a tendency within the Security Council to use organizations from other regions with higher levels of integration in regions with lower levels of integration, and raises the question if this way of using regional organizations may risk harming the ultimate goal of legitimacy.

This thesis deals with the Syrian conflict. The Syrian conflict has continued for over three years (April 2014) and still constitutes a topical and developing affair. It represents a pressing and unresolved national and international issue. There is a vast amount of groups with different ideas involved in this conflict. During the conflict, conventional, as well as chemical weapons were used. The consequences of the fighting are mostly faced by local inhabitants who have been severely suffering due to the harsh living and humanitarian conditions. The aim of this thesis is to depict the problems of the Syrian conflict, evaluate the role the UN has had up to the present, and answer the question whether the UN has totally failed in solving the Syrian conflict, or not.

The thesis deals with China's Internal Challenges and the Impact on International Relations in the 21st century. First it analyses the transformation of the middle class, urbanisation and the one-child policy. After that the thesis deals with the economic boom of China, its present position in the world economy and its domestic and foreign investments. Attention is also focused on the increasing assertiveness of China in foreign affairs, particularly with regard to its voting in the UN Security Council. Finally, the thesis analyses the problems of disputed island and interior territories that China claims.

Over the past decades, peace missions of the United Nations on the African continent succeed and failed. This thesis attempts to ascertain how success or failure can be explained. For assessment, the success criteria are derived from the academic literature and subsequently implemented into the hypotheses. Relevant indicators concerning peacekeeping success are used in African cases. The effectiveness of UN missions is fully investigated on UNOCI in Côte d'Ivoire, MONUC in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and UNMIL in Liberia. Then the results were compared in tested hypotheses. The findings show that host country's consent and willingness to cooperate, alongside the active engagement of major power, a clear, appropriate and achievable mandate, and the consistency of the UN's commitment to conflict resolution proved to be the most important factors for the peacekeeping effectiveness. The diplomacy and attention, given to underlying causes of conflicts, also contributed to the successful outcomes. The ethnic component and participating regional organisations, in contrast, overcomplicated the peace efforts but did not have a direct impact on missions' effectiveness. The effect of the missions' duration was found to be irrelevant, while ties to success with criteria of national ownership and...

This thesis examines the construction of ideology in three public speeches held by the Secretary of the Iranian Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) Ali Shamkhani. Shamkhani’s position makes him one of the most powerful public officials in Iran, with vast influence over domestic and international security matters, including over Iran’s nuclear negotiations. This thesis presents theories on discourse analysis as ideology analysis, which enables identification of linguistical ideologization. With this theory as backdrop, three speeches with varying content and context are analysed in order to determine whether or not Shamkhani is constructing ideology in them. Political officials are arguably expected to ideologize speeches to a certain extent. Even though Shamkhani enjoys a similar seniority as many politicians, Shamkhani’s position remains formally apolitical, which makes it is interesting to analysis his speeches. Linguistic analyses of public speeches in Iran are rarely deployed when attempting to understand the Islamic Republic but given the attention Iranian officials themselves ascribe their language, a discourse analysis of what they say might disclose otherwise hidden qualities in their communications. Through the speeches’ diverse content in written, orally formal and orally colloquial Farsi, it was possible not only to establish that Shamkhani uses discourse to construct ideology but also to what extent this is done, depending on modes of communication.

No description available.