On étudie dans cette thèse la régularité des cônes et d'ensembles de dimension 3 dans l'espace Euclidien de dimension 4.Dans la première partie, on étudie d'abord la régularité Bi-Hölderienne des cônes minimaux de dimension 3 dans l'espace Euclidien de dimension 4. Ceci nous permet ensuite de montrer qu'il existe un difféomorphisme locale entre un cône minimal de dimension 3 dans l'espace Euclidien de dimension 4 et un cône minimal de dimension 3, de type P, Y ou T, loin d'origine. La méthode est la même que pour les ensembles minimaux de dimension 2. On construit des compétiteurs et on se ramène aux situations connues des ensembles minimaux de dimension 2 dans l'espace Euclidien de dimension 3.Dans la deuxième partie, on utilise le résultat de la première partie pour donner quelques résultats de régularité Bi-Hölderienne pour les ensembles minimaux de dimension 3 dans l'espace Euclidien de dimension 4. On s'intéresse aussi aux ensembles minimaux de Mumford-Shah et on obtient un résultat de l'existence d'un point de type T.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1993.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:59:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_af_me_sjrp.pdf: 2505898 bytes, checksum: cb768a03165a1307255a1888187c915a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O diagnóstico médico auxiliado por computador tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente, como por exemplo, no diagnóstico de lesões de pele, para o qual técnicas para a extração automática dos contornos das mesmas torna-se crucial. Muitas vezes, algumas lesões passam despercebidas pelo deramtologista porque este pode estar com a visão cansada e ter dificuladade para identificar corretamente as características das regiões doentes. O método apresentado neste trabalho utiliza a difusão anisotrópica para fazer a suavização seletiva da imagem, preservando as bordas e permitindo a extração de contornos com suas principais características: forma e rugosidade. a aplicação do crescimento de regiões Mumford-Shah possibilitou a extração de um contorno inicial, refinado pelos métodos de watershed e contorno ativo. As características das bordas detectadas foram extraídas de acordo com a regra ABCD, sendo os resultados validados por um especialista em doenças dermatológicas. / The computer aided medical diagnosis has become increasingly common, such as the diagnosis of skin lesions, where the techniques for automatic extraction of their contours becomes cricial. Often, some lesions are overlooked by the dermatologist because his vision may be tired making it difficukt for him to properly identify characteristics of the injured regions. The method presented in this work uses anisotropic diffusion for a selective image smoothing, preserving the contour of the image, and allowing the extraction of the main characteristics of the identified contour: shape and roughness. The application of the Mumford-Shah method allows the extraction of an initial contour, wich is then refined by the methods of watershed and active contour. The characteristics of the detected edges are extracted according to the ABCD rule, and the results are validated by an expert in dermatological diseases.

Orientador: Aledir Silveira Pereira / Banca: Norian Marranghello / Banca: Ivan Nunes da Silva / Resumo: O diagnóstico médico auxiliado por computador tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente, como por exemplo, no diagnóstico de lesões de pele, para o qual técnicas para a extração automática dos contornos das mesmas torna-se crucial. Muitas vezes, algumas lesões passam despercebidas pelo deramtologista porque este pode estar com a visão cansada e ter dificuladade para identificar corretamente as características das regiões doentes. O método apresentado neste trabalho utiliza a difusão anisotrópica para fazer a suavização seletiva da imagem, preservando as bordas e permitindo a extração de contornos com suas principais características: forma e rugosidade. a aplicação do crescimento de regiões Mumford-Shah possibilitou a extração de um contorno inicial, refinado pelos métodos de watershed e contorno ativo. As características das bordas detectadas foram extraídas de acordo com a regra ABCD, sendo os resultados validados por um especialista em doenças dermatológicas. / Abstract: The computer aided medical diagnosis has become increasingly common, such as the diagnosis of skin lesions, where the techniques for automatic extraction of their contours becomes cricial. Often, some lesions are overlooked by the dermatologist because his vision may be tired making it difficukt for him to properly identify characteristics of the injured regions. The method presented in this work uses anisotropic diffusion for a selective image smoothing, preserving the contour of the image, and allowing the extraction of the main characteristics of the identified contour: shape and roughness. The application of the Mumford-Shah method allows the extraction of an initial contour, wich is then refined by the methods of watershed and active contour. The characteristics of the detected edges are extracted according to the ABCD rule, and the results are validated by an expert in dermatological diseases. / Mestre

Women's rights have been a historically controversial issue. This is no exception in Iran, where the struggle between modernization and keeping with traditional Islamic values has been a topic of constant disagreement between political leaders. Women in Iran have experienced many changes in their personal rights and freedoms throughout the decades. This research focuses on religion and culture, the policies of the main leaders of Iran in the past decades, and the role of non-governmental organizations as factors that expand or limit the rights and freedoms of women. It attempts to identify which factor is mostly responsible for the position that women have been historically placed in. The intent of this thesis is to research the rights and conditions of women in Iran.In general the question could be proposed as "are the lives of women in Iran better off today than in the past?" In the western world there are many stereotypes that are oftentimes attached to women, such as the notions that they are not allowed to pursue an education or career and that they do not have any legal rights. Evidence shows that these notions are not accurate in contemporary Iran, and that women have made significant strides in gaining their rights and freedoms. Through the analysis of several case studies, literature reviews, and statistical evidence, this thesis seeks to identify the factors that most affect women's rights and freedoms. By analyzing the factors that have historically placed women at a disadvantage in Iranian society, and better understanding their lives, this thesis aims to fight the stereotypes placed upon them as well as raise awareness for the continuing plight of women in Iran today.

No description available.

Cette thèse est une contribution au problème de détection de fines structures tubulaires dans une image2-D ou 3-D. Nous avons plus précisément en vue le cas des images angiographiques. Celles-ci étant bruitées, les vaisseaux ne se détachent pas nettement du reste de l’image, la question est donc de segmenter avec précision le réseau sanguin. Le cadre théorique de ce travail est le calcul des variations eten particulier l'énergie de Mumford-Shah. Cependant, ce modèle n'est adapté qu'à la détection de structures volumiques étendues dans toutes les directions de l’image. Le but de ce travail est donc deconstruire une énergie qui favorise les ensembles qui ne sont étendus que dans une seule direction, cequi est le cas de fins tubes. Pour cela, une nouvelle inconnue est introduite, une métrique Riemannienne,qui a pour but la détection de la structure géométrique de l’image. Une nouvelle formulation de l’énergie de Mumford-Shah est donnée avec cette nouvelle métrique. La preuve de l'existence d'une solution au problème de la minimisation de l’énergie est apportée. De plus, une approximation par gamma-convergence est démontrée, ce qui permet ensuite de proposer et de mettre en oeuvre une implémentation numérique. / This thesis is a contribution to the fine tubular structures detection problem in a 2-D or 3-D image. We arespecifically interested in the case of angiographic images. The vessels are surrounded by noise and thenthe question is to segment precisely the blood network. The theoretical framework of our work is thecalculus of variations and we focus on the Mumford-Shah energy. Initially, this model is adapted to thedetection of volumetric structures extended in all directions of the image. The aim of this study is to buildan energy that favors sets which are extended in one direction, which is the case of fine tubes. Then, weintroduce a new unknown, a Riemannian metric, which captures the geometric structure at each point ofthe image and we give a new formulation of the Mumford-Shah energy adapted to this metric. Thecomplete analysis of this model is done: we prove that the associated problem of minimization is wellposed and we introduce an approximation by gamma-convergence more suitable for numerics. Eventually,we propose numerical experimentations adapted to this approximation.

The White Revolution was a set of six reform measures put to the Iranian people via referendum on 6 Bahman 1341 (26 January 1963), based on a plan for social justice linked with economic development, encased in the concept of a bloodless revolution from the top. This did not happen unexpectedly; it was the culmination of events spanning several years, which accelerated during the John F. Kennedy Presidency. Various plans and reforms paved the way for the White Revolution and certain events as well as political and economic developments encouraged reform. There were similarities between plans and some reforms influenced others, or were shaped to suit different agendas. All played a part in instigating the White Revolution. This included Prime Minister ʻAlī Amīnī’s 15-point plan, the Shah’s Royal Farmān, the Third Development Plan, and the six-points of the White Revolution itself. The question this thesis seeks to answer is to what extent the Kennedy administration was responsible for instigating the White Revolution by influencing the various steps that paved the way for the 6 Bahman referendum?The United States had at its disposal various means by which it might apply pressure and influence development. This included, economic aid, military assistance, numerous advisers, agencies on the ground, plus support for the Shah and other Iranians. Given the Kennedy administration’s association with modernisation and development, the existing historiography has portrayed this period in US-Iranian relations as one of increased pressure on the Shah to reform with the White Revolution being the result of such pressure. This thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge by challenging this portrayal by providing the first detailed, analysis of the period 1961-63, utilising a vast array of newly released documents. This is not the first study to conclude agency on the part of Iran for the White Revolution, but is the first to do so though a detailed, balanced approach, which doesn’t ignore the significance of the US-Iranian relationship. Thus, this thesis is at the forefront of revisionist accounts of US-Iranian relations during the Cold War critiquing the portrayal of the Shah and others as mere tools of the US and reaching the conclusion that contrary to widely held beliefs it was Iranians rather than Americans who instigated the White Revolution by initiating and directing reform.

No description available.

On étudie dans cette thèse certains aspects de la régularité de l'ensemble singulier d'un minimiseur pour la fonctionnelle de Mumford-Shah. On se place principalement en dimension 3 même si certains résultats fonctionnent encore en dimension supérieure. Dans une première partie on étudie les minimiseurs globaux dans R^N et on montre que si (u;K) est un minimiseur global et que si K est un cône assez régulier, alors u (modulo les constantes) est une fonction homogène de degré 1/2 dans R^N\K. Ceci nous permet de lier l'existence d'un minimiseur global et le spectre du laplacien sphérique dans la sphère unité privée de K. Une conséquence est qu'un secteur angulaire stricte ne peut pas être l'ensemble singulier d'un minimiseur global de Mumford-Shah dans R^3. Dans la deuxième partie on montre un théorème de régularité au voisinage des cônes minimaux P, Y et T. On montre que si K est proche (en distance) d'un Y ou d'un T dans une certaine boule, alors K est l'image C^1,alpha d'un P, Y ou d'un T dans une boule légèrement plus petite, ce qui généralise un théorème de L. Ambrosio, N. Fusco et D. Pallara [AFP07]. Les techniques employées ne sont pas exclusives à la dimension 3 et devraient permettre de démontrer des résultats analogues en toute dimension pour un minimiseur de Mumford-Shah, dès lors qu'un résultat de régularité sur les ensembles presque minimaux existerait.