The aim of this work is to connect dynamic identity management system developed under the project Sec6Net with a control of SDN network. The controller Pyretic is used for network control, which allows application development by using the match-action rules. Interface between the identity management system and controller Pyretic is designed and implemented in both systems. To prove the concept, selected use cases related to security, routing and accounting are created. The use cases are implemented as applications for Pyretic controller. All programs were tested in networking laboratory according to the possibilities. The main contribution of this work is to simplify and improve the management of computer networks while providing new capabilities to administrators of these networks and ultimately their users.

Stable isotope analysis of iron and oxygen isotopes in magnetite of Kiruna-type from Sweden and Chile have been conducted to further the understanding of the formation, and advance the analysis methods of these deposits. For this, data from SIMS (secondary ion mass spectroscopy), EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) and triple oxygen analysis (by laser fluorination) are used. Some researchers have found that crystal orientation can affect the oxygen and iron isotope ratios when analysing magnetite by SIMS, complicating the process. EBSD analysis therefore aided by finding the orientations of the crystals prior to SIMS analysis. Magnetite from Kiruna have been tested for use as SIMS reference material, but it did not prove to be suitable at present time. Further homoegeneity tests can be useful before declaring the sample as unsuitable. Preliminary iron isotope results from SIMS on magnetite from Kiirunavaara indicate an internal variation of δ 56 Fe between -0.72-0.70 per mil, with an uncertainty of 0.38 per mil (1σ). The variations could not be determined to match crystal orientations. Triple oxygen analyses show very low ∆'17 O on Kiruna samples, -357 to -171 ‰, indicating a strong MIF-O (mass-independently fractionated oxygen isotope composition) component. The MIF-O signal is also present in ∆'17 O records in evaporites from similar ages (1.7 - 1.9 Ga) (Crockford et al. 2019), which are known to partly contain oxygen derived from atmospheric O 2 . The MIF-O signal was not present in the Chilean magnetite samples, however, they are within the ∆'17 range of evaporites (Crockford et al.2019) from a similiar age (0 Ma vs 2 Ma). It is proposed that magmatic fluids interacted with evaporites, exchanging oxygen isotopes, before forming magnetite of Kiruna-type, thereby allowing the magnetite to contain part of the atmospheric isotopic record.

My dissertation primarily focuses on the fabrication of materials for solid phase microextraction (SPME) and separation devices. In my first project, I used direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) to prepare sputtered silicon coatings on fused silica fibers. These fibers were then subjected to the chemical vapor deposition of 6-phenyhexylsilane (6-PH) as a stationary phase. Six different types of fibers were made using two different throw distances (4 cm and 20 cm) and three different silicon thicknesses (0.5, 1.8, and 2.8 µm). These coatings were characterized by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and contact angle goniometry. These SPME fibers were evaluated using gas chromatography (GC). The extraction efficiencies of sputtered, 6-PH-coated fibers were compared to that of a commercial fiber (7 µm PDMS) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Our 2.8 µm thick sputtered silicon coatings showed competitive extraction of low molecular weight PAHs and ca. 3 times the extraction efficiency for higher molecular weight PAHs. In addition, it outperformed the commercial fiber by showing better linearity, repeatability, and detection limits. A method for analyzing polyaromatic hydrocarbons in baby formula was developed, which showed very good linearity (0.5-125 ppb), repeatability (2-26%), detection limits (0.12-0.81 ppb), and recoveries (103-135%). In my second project, I focused on preparing sputtered carbon SPME fibers using DCMS sputtering. These fibers were tested with and without PDMS coatings on top by SPME-GC-MS. In addition, a new SPME evaluation mix was developed for testing the newly developed SPME fibers. The evaluation mix included analytes with diverse functionalities and properties. Our best carbon fiber showed very competitive extraction capabilities on a per volume basis when compared with a commercial 95 µm carbon-based fiber. In a third project, I built an ALD system to deposit thin films inside GC capillary columns. This system has a unique design that also allows for ALD on witness silicon samples before and after the capillary column. This system yields very promising results with ALD of alumina inside 5 and 12 m long capillary columns. The ALD coatings deposited inside the columns were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The thicknesses of the coatings on witness shards were almost identical to the thicknesses of the coatings in the capillaries. My fourth project focused on characterizing a liquid polymer (diphenyl siloxane dimethyl siloxane (DPS-DMS)) via SE. This material was a potential stationary phase for our SPME fibers. Transmission measurements were obtained via a dual cuvette approach that eliminated the effects of the cuvettes and their interfaces. The optical function of this material was modeled with a Sellmeier function in its transparent region.

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<p>This thesis places Hebrew Christianity and Messianic Judaism on the church-sect continuum devised by Rodney Stark and William Sims Bainbridge (1979, 1980). According to an axis indicating low to high tension with the environment, Hebrew Christianity is placed on the para-church node, between the denomination and the sect. Messianic Judaism, in general, is placed on the high tension, sect end of the continuum. It is recognized, however, that individual organizations which comprise the movements may vary widely in their relationships to t he environment. Since the organizations as well as the movements may oscillate on the church-sect continuum, social movement propositions are introduced that can explain how and under what conditions these changes occur. A study of one Hebrew Christian organization, which contains both a low and a high tension group, shows, on the one hand, that a single organization can occupy two different . points on the church-sect continuum simultaneously. It shows, on the other hand, that this is made possible through the skillful use of leadership functions, which in turn is buttressed by the symbolic value of a Jewish leader. Finally, the peculiar situation of the HFOI is seen as reflective of the larger trends in the Hebrew Christian and Messianic Jewish movements, in general, and the different "agendas" of the Jewish and the Gentile followers, in particular.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Particle accelerators are a leading tool for frontier science. Pushing that frontier further demands more machines with higher performance, and more of a very expensive technology: superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) acceleration. From a materials perspective this means reducing residual surface resistance or raising the operating temperature (currently ~2 K) of SRF cavities. Both are pursued by materials modification: nitrogen doping/infusion in the first instance and coating with Nb3Sn in the second. Materials characterization is key to achieving understanding and directing RandD. However, very little has been done. This present work aims to fill the knowledge gap and to provide needed, validated tools to the accelerator science community. In this connection, SIMS, XPS and EBSD have proven especially valuable and represent the majority of discussion in this dissertation. / Doctor of Philosophy / Particle accelerators are a powerful tool that helps us expand our knowledge of science and how the universe works. Pushing that knowledge further requires us to use more and more powerful particle accelerators. Particle accelerators are based on a very expensive technology: superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities. These cavities are hollow tubes made from niobium and shaped in such a way as to cause electromagnetic waves to form. These waves are what are used to accelerate particles. The energy input and loss of energy as heat are massive resulting in millions of dollars a year in electric bills at particle accelerator facilities. In order to build bigger and more powerful particle accelerates they most be more efficient or they become prohibitively expensive. In this dissertation I look at several next generation materials used in building particle accelerators. In particular I describe and go into detail about how to characterize these materials. In other words, how we determine the materials properties and how those properties affect the performance.

Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire concernent l’étude des plasmas d’argon créés dans une cavité résonnante micro-ondes fonctionnant à la pression atmosphérique et leur application au nettoyage de surface. Tout d’abord, une étude des enjeux du nettoyage de surfaces industrielles est présentée ainsi qu’un état de l’art des solutions existantes et leurs limitations, mettant en évidence l’intérêt des plasmas comme alternative, notamment ceux fonctionnant en cavité résonnante micro-ondes à pression atmosphérique dont les particularités sont présentées. Dans le cas de l’argon, ces décharges présentent la particularité de ne pas être homogènes mais constituées de un ou plusieurs filaments de faibles diamètres, dépendant des conditions expérimentales. L’étude de la filamentation de ces décharges est l’objet du second chapitre où il a été mis en évidence les corrélations, dans le cas d’un filament unique, entre ses dimensions, sa température et la puissance dissipée et qu’il existait un seuil de puissance au-delà duquel la filamentation apparaissait. Une modélisation électromagnétique simple a été réalisée permettant de décrire l’influence des paramètres principaux de la décharge sur la filamentation. Le troisième chapitre présente les résultats de la caractérisation d’un filament d’argon par absorption laser en plasma continu et pulsé. L’effet de l’addition d’oxygène y est également présenté. Le dernier chapitre concerne l’étude de l’application des post-décharges micro-ondes à la pression atmosphérique créées dans des mélanges argon-azote et argon-oxygène au nettoyage de surface. On y étudie notamment l’interaction de ces post-décharges avec des molécules organiques modèles (acide stéarique et 1-octadécène). L’analyse de surface avec des techniques d’analyse d’extrême surface par spectrométrie de masse (ToF-SIMS et FTMS) a permis d’améliorer notre compréhension des mécanismes de nettoyage / The present work deals with the study of argon microwave plasmas generated in resonant cavity at atmospheric pressure and their application to surface cleaning. First, a study of the aim of surface cleaning of industrial surfaces is presented, followed by a state of the art of existing solutions and their limitations, showing the interest of plasmas as an alternative, especially atmospheric pressure microwave resonant cavity plasmas. In the case of argon, these plasmas have the particularity to be inhomogeneous and constituted of one or many small diameter filaments, depending on experimental conditions. The study of the filamentation of these discharges is the subject of the second chapter. In the case of one filament, correlations have been evidenced between its size, its temperature and the dissipated power. A simple electromagnetic simulation allowed us to describe the influence of the main plasmas parameters on the filamentation process. The third chapter presents results from the characterisation of a single argon filament by the mean of diode laser absorption in continuous and pulsed plasma mode. The effect of oxygen addition is also studied. The last chapter deals with the study of the use of atmospheric pressure microwave post-discharges in argon-nitrogen or argon-oxygen mixtures for surface cleaning application. We studied the interaction of such post-discharges with model organic molecules (stearic acid and 1-octadecene). Surface analyses by the mean of extreme surface analysis techniques based on mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS and FTMS) allow us to improve our understanding of cleaning mechanisms

Le couplage des propriétés ferromagnétiques et semiconductrices représente une perspective prometteuse, afin de réaliser des technologies qui exploitent le spin des électrons. Ceci permettra de stocker et traiter des bits informatiques de façon instantanée dans le même dispositif, plutôt que dans des dispositifs séparés (mémoire et processeur). La Spintronique pourrait alors révolutionner la technologie de l'information. Un candidat potentiel pour la fabrication d'hétérostructures métal ferromagnétique/semiconducteur pour des applications en Spintronique, est le système Mn-Ge. Ce système qui est compatible avec la technologie CMOS, présente une phase intéressante pour la Spintronique qui est Mn5Ge3, avec une possibilité d'épitaxie sur le Ge(111). Afin d'intégrer cette phase dans des procédés de fabrication, nous étudions la diffusion réactive à l'état solide entre un film de Mn et un substrat de Ge (comme dans le cas de la formation des siliciures dans la technologie CMOS). L'accent a été mis sur la séquence de formation de phases lors de la réaction entre un film nanométrique de Mn et le Ge, l'influence de l'interface sur cette réaction, et sur la diffusion du Mn dans le Ge. L'incorporation du carbone dans des films minces de Mn5Ge3 a montré une augmentation notable de la température de Curie : nous présentons alors l'effet du carbone sur la réaction Mn-Ge, et sa redistribution dans les couches minces MnxGey. / Coupling ferromagnetic and semi-conducting properties represents a pathway toward producing technologies that exploit the spin of electrons. That would allow store and process computer bits instantly in a same device, rather than separate devices (memory and CPU). The Spintronics could then revolutionize the information technology. A potential candidate for the fabrication of heterostructures ferromagnetic metal / semiconductor for Spintronics applications is the Mn-Ge system. This system is compatible with CMOS technology, and presents an interesting phase for Spintronics which is Mn5Ge3 phase, which is able to be grown epitaxially on Ge(111). To integrate this phase in the manufacturing process, we study the solid state reactive diffusion between a thin Mn film and Ge substrate, to form a germanide upon the Ge substrate (as in the case of the formation of silicides in CMOS technology). Emphasis was placed on the sequence of phase formation during the reaction between a 50 nm thick Mn film and Ge, the influence of the interface on the reaction, and the diffusion of Mn in Ge. Incorporation of carbon in thin Mn5Ge3 films showed a significant increase in the Curie temperature, we then present the effect of carbon on the reaction Mn-Ge and its redistribution in thin MnxGey films.