En byggarbetsplats är en tillfällig fabrik där en ny värdekedja måste upprättas för varje projekt. För att öka produktiviteten i byggbranschen behöver en bättre bygglogistik implementeras där allt material blir levererat i rätt tid, till rätt plats, i rätt mängd. Den tillfälliga karaktären av ett husbyggnadsprojekt tillsammans med en stor tillfällig organisation med många involverade aktörer gör att ett husbyggnadsprojekt kan betraktas som komplext. Komplexiteten kan även öka för projekt som har små arbetsplatsområden i innerstadsområden. Byggföretagens inköp av varor och tjänster står för 75% av omsättningen vilket gör att det är en stor del av byggföretags verksamhet som beror på bygglogistik. Inköpen görs hos ett stort antal aktörer av en tillfällig karaktär vilket skapar problem kring kommunikation mellan de många aktörerna och därmed även möjligheten till erfarenhetsåterföring. Studiens syfte är att undersöka vilka moduler som bygglogistik består av och hur de kan effektivisera bygglogistik. Resultatet analyseras sedan för att se hur modulerna kan effektivisera och utveckla bygglogistik. Studiens syfte har uppnåtts genom att genomföra en intervjustudie och en litteraturstudie.  Forskningssyftet med studien är av utforskande karaktär. Intervjuerna är semi-strukturerade och utförs efter litteraturstudien. Studiens ansats är av induktiv karaktärdå endast ett fåtal intervjuer genomförs. Strategin för studien är av kvalitativ karaktär då intervjustudien och litteraturstudien är beroende av varandra, vilket kräver en hög grad flexibilitet. Validiteten i studien har stärkts genom triangulering samt kontroller från handledarna. På samma sätt stärks reliabiliteten. Moduler är grunden som bygger upp flöden i materiallogistik samt den statiska och dynamiska informationslogistiken. En modul består av produkter, tjänster eller arbetssätt. Modulerna kan implementeras där deras applicerbarhet och investering kan mötas av projektet. En del moduler kan implementeras fristående mot andra medan vissa moduler påverkar varandra och kan inte implementeras tillsammans.Modulernas planeringsgrad och planeringshorisont behöver även kunna mötas av projektet. Studien identifierar modulerna godsmärkning, inbärning, leveranscontainer, arbetsplatsdispositionsplan, retursystem byggpall, logistikpunkt, leveransplan, checkpoint, bokningskalender, förbrukningsmaterialförsörjning, personalflödeseffektivisering, emballage, kärlhantering, logistikansvarig, logistikanalys och logistikplan inom bygglogistik. Modulerna kategoriseras i informationslogistik, bestående av statisk- och dynamisk informationslogistik, och materiallogistik. Materiallogistik består av flödena: etablering, hyrmaskiner, förbrukningsmaterial, projektspecifika leveranser, avfallshantering och personal.Modulerna som kategoriseras som materiallogistik sätts på en skala av investering, som beskriver den investering som det enskilda projektet behöver göra för att implementera modulen. Modulerna kategoriseras även efter applicerbarhet, som beskriver vilken omfattning av specifika förutsättningar som ett projekt behöver för att implementera en modul. / A construction site is a temporary factory where a new value chain must be established for each project. To increase productivity in the construction industry,construction supply chain management must be implemented where all materials are delivered on time, to the right place, in the right quantity. The temporary nature of a construction project of a house and a large temporary organization with many different actors means that a house building project can be considered complex. The complexity can also increase for projects which has small construction sites in inner-city areas. Construction companies purchases of goods and services account for 75% of total revenue, which means that a large part of construction companies operations depend on construction supply chain management. Purchases are made from many different suppliers, which are only purchased from temporary for the specific project. This creates problems regarding communication between the many actors and thus also the possibility of feedback of experience. The purpose of this study is to investigate which modules construction supply chain management consists of and how they can streamline construction supply chain management. The results are then analysed to see how the modules can help to increase productivity and develop construction logistics. The purpose of this study has been achieved by conducting an interview study and a literature review. The research purpose of this study is of an exploratory nature. The interviews are semi-structured and are conducted after the literature study. The approach is inductive as only a few interviews are conducted. The strategy for this study is qualitative as the interview study and the literature study are interdependent, which requires a high degree of flexibility. The validity has been strengthened through triangulation and controls from the supervisors. In the same way, reliability is strengthened. The modules are the foundation of the flows of material supply chain managementand the static and dynamic information supply chain management. The modules consist of products, services, or work routine. The modules can be implemented where their applicability and required investment can be met by the project. Some of the modules are dependent on each other and some are not. The project must also meet the required degree of planning and timing of planning. This study identifies the modules goods labelling, third party logistics, smartcontainer, disposition plan of the construction site, return system for construction pallets, third party logistics terminal, delivery plan, checkpoint, booking calendar, use of consumables, elevator toilet, packaging type and garbage management in construction supply chain management. The modules are categorised into information logistics, consisting of static and dynamic information supply chain management, and material supply chain management. Material supply chain management consists of the establishment flows: rental machines, consumables, project-specific deliveries, garbage management and personnel. The modules that are categorised as materialsupply chain management are placed on a scale of investment, which describes the investment that the individual project needs to make to implement the module. The modules are also categorised according to applicability, which describes the scope of specific prerequisites that a project needs to have to implement a module.

2020 and 2021 were shocking years for advertising and digital marketing since both Apple and Google announced that they would limit third-party tracking. Google and Apple’s news created turmoil in the marketing business sector since advertisers no longer will be able to target and track the success of their digital ads as efficiently and effectively. In addition, there will be significant changes in the industry since these new privacy rules mean that there will be an inability of personalisation and just-in-time targeting for digital marketing, and advertisers have dubbed this situation the “adpocalypse.”  Both secondary and primary data were collected to answer the research question, how have the new privacy rules and regulations impacted the different steps of the AIDA model in digital media planning for digital advertising. Secondary data has been collected from business journals and academic journals, and the primary data has been collected through in-depth interviews. Further, the research is exploratory and explores the research question to give the reader a greater understanding of the subject area.   The following can be concluded from the research. Internet privacy rules and regulations will impact awareness, and it will be more challenging for companies to create awareness for their product offerings. Awareness will be heavily built on brand recognition, and the strategies for this step will revert to more traditional methods.  Interest would be affected since companies no longer will be able to follow up on their communication strategies as effectively. This research showed that the further down the company’s sales funnel, the more impacted the strategies. Further, desire would be more challenging for companies to create since retargeting, just-in-time targeting, and micro-targeting would no longer be possible in the same manner. Lastly, since action results from desire, this step would be heavily impacted.

Purpose – This study aims to identify and analyze innovative strategies that firms can use to develop customer engagement online without relying on third-party cookies, whilst also considering the firms' level of digital maturity. Method – To explore the innovative strategies for developing customer engagement online without third-party cookies, a sequential mixed-method design was employed, utilizing semi- structured interviews and survey data. A total of 12 respondents participated in the study, providing both interview and survey data for analysis. Findings – The findings of this study consist of four main themes in terms of strategies that don’t rely on third-party cookies to develop customer engagement online. These strategies are presented as data-driven strategy, value-based strategy, rethink allocation strategy, and direct customer engagement. Moreover, the findings reveal a greater interest and a positive attitude toward the data-driven strategy in particular, which in turn relies on the subthemes of CRM- system, and SEO. Theoretical and practical implications – This study holds theoretical implications in terms of firstly, confirming the previous research about engaging customers through customer communities. Secondly, this study contrasts the research about the dimensions required to develop customer engagement stated by de Oliviera Santini (2020) and Pansari and Kumar (2016). From a practical perspective, this study provides implications valuable for people in marketing leading positions deciding upon the strategic direction for digital marketing. Moreover, this study contributes with four strategies for businesses to adapt based on their database and organizational optimization.

The intent of this thesis is to examine the future of the third-party doctrine with the proliferation of technology and the online data we are surrounded with daily, specifically after the United States Supreme Court's decision in Carpenter v. United States. In order to better understand the Supreme Court's reasoning in that case, this thesis will review the history of the third-party doctrine and its roots in United States v. Miller and Smith v. Maryland. A review of Fourth Amendment history and jurisprudence is also crucial to this thesis, as it is imperative that individuals do not forfeit their Constitutional guarantees for the benefit of living in a technologically advanced society. This requires an understanding of the modern-day functional equivalents of "papers" and "effects." Furthermore, this thesis will ultimately answer the following question: Why is it legally significant that we protect at least some data that comes from technologies that our forefathers could have never imagined under the Fourth Amendment? Looking to the future, this thesis will contemplate solutions on how to move forward in this technology era. It will scrutinize the relevancy of the third-party doctrine due to the rise of technology and the enormous amount of information held about us by third parties. In the past, the Third-Party Doctrine may have been good law, but that time has passed. It is time for the Third-Party Doctrine to be abolished so the Fourth Amendment can join the 21st Century.

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Logistics have, over the last few years, become an important factor to create competitiveness forSwedish construction companies. The companies that use a system where small logistic issues are putin a bigger context and get their flows to work in a customer adapted and cost effective ways, has a lotto win from this. The road to success can be seen as clear, however construction companies are stillstruggling with additional cost due to disturbances in the production.The building entrepreneurs can help the situation by taking their responsibility and start developingthe building logistics. Companies that plan, coordinate and take control of their purchases andmaterial deliveries, while also allowing logistics personnel handle the handling of materials atconstruction sites, may achieve major profits in the form of increased production, less disturbancesand shorter lead times.This thesis will show some opportunities of development for logistics during the framing phase. Thethesis is based on several interviews and a case study to reveal the disturbances that are noticed in theframing phase. These are, along with a comprehensive literature study, the base for the suggestionsand long term recommendations that are presented.The results show that there are great opportunities to streamline the material flow during the designphase. There is potential for progress and improvement through the entire chain, from planning toimplementation in the production. The result and analysis also shows that there are solutions to themajority of the disturbances. These solutions will enhance the working environment, the time aspect,quality and budget.The goal of the thesis has been to analyze and identify which elements are the source of disturbancesduring the framing phase and find solutions to eliminate them. The employer is urged to implementand advance the found solutions, and also implement the long-term recommendations.

Globalization in semiconductor industry has surged up the trend of outsourcing component design and manufacturing process across geographical boundaries. While cost reduction and short time to market are the driving factors behind this trend, the authenticity of the final product remains a major question. Third party deliverables are solely based on mutual trust and any manufacturer with a malicious intent can fiddle with the original design to make it work otherwise than expected in certain specific situations. In case such a backfire happens, the consequences can be disastrous especially for mission critical systems such as space-explorations, defense equipments such as missiles, life saving equipments such as medical gadgets where a single failure can translate to a loss of lives or millions of dollars. Thus accompanied with outsourcing, comes the question of trustworthy design - "how to ensure that integrity of the product manufactured by a third party has not been compromised". This dissertation aims towards developing verification methodologies and implementing non-destructive testing strategies to ensure the authenticity of a third party IP. This can be accomplished at various levels in the IC product life cycle. At the design stage, special testability features can be incorporated in the circuit to enhance its overall testability thereby making the otherwise hard to test portions of the design testable at the post silicon stage. We propose two different approaches to enhance the testability of the overall circuit. The first allows improved at-speed testing for the design while the second aims to exaggerate the effect of unwanted tampering (if present) on the IC. At the verification level, techniques like sequential equivalence checking can be employed to compare the third-party IP against a genuine specification and filter out components showing any deviation from the intended behavior. At the post silicon stage power discrepancies beyond a certain threshold between two otherwise identical ICs can indicate the presence of a malicious insertion in one of them. We have addressed all of them in this dissertation and suggested techniques that can be employed at each stage. Our experiments show promising results for detecting such alterations/insertions in the original design. / Ph. D.

This thesis explores how journalists and managers at Nordic public service organizations perceive successful news reporting through third-party social media. The aim is to contribute to the understanding of digital platform dependencies among public service organizations. Previous research has conceptualized digital journalistic epistemologies and examined specific methods of news production on platforms, highlighting concerns about journalistic autonomy in spaces influenced by third-party interests. This thesis employs a qualitative, exploratory approach to investigate the social media strategies and understandings of success at Nordic public service media organizations YLE, SVT, NRK, RÚV, and DR. Through semi-structured interviews, the study reveals an ongoing negotiation between editorial objectives and platform logics in social media news reporting. Journalists view success as engaging with the target audience, while managers emphasize credibility and relevance in a shifting media landscape. Further, the perceptions of journalists and managers are compared, highlighting a possible negotiation between the managerial and operational levels. The study revisits public service media news-making in a Nordic context, contributing to the fields of digital journalism studies and digital platform studies.

Le financement de l’arbitrage international par les tiers constitue aujourd’hui une solution d’accès à cette justice privée, largement plébiscitée et privilégiée par les opérateurs économiques. Ce mécanisme offre à des acteurs variés la possibilité de transférer les coûts et les risques induits par la procédure dont ils sont partis vers un tiers. En contrepartie, ce tiers perçoit un pourcentage des sommes allouées à son client par la sentence. Cette relation, guidée par une communauté d’intérêts tournée vers le succès de l’arbitrage, se concrétise par le contrat de financement. Ce dernier, d’apparence sui generis, se caractérise par un objet spécifique, le financement d’un arbitrage international et par ses effets singuliers. Il est relatif à un procès mais se trouve, de par son objet, dépourvu d’effet relatif. Ainsi, le contrat emporte des conséquences, à la fois, sur les acteurs du procès arbitral, pour lequel le financeur n’est pas partie, et sur la procédure elle-même, son déroulement et son issue. Cette étude permet d'entrevoir une frontière poreuse séparant traditionnellement les notions de partie et de tiers à un contrat et à un arbitrage, invitant alors à réfléchir sur l’opportunité d’une réglementation de la pratique / Today third-party funding in international arbitration is definitely the number one solution for economic operators to access this private justice. This process allows various players to transfer the costs and the risks incurred by the proceedings to a third party. In return, the latter is granted a percentage of the sums allocated to their client by the arbitral award. This relationship resting on a community of interests and geared towards a successful arbitration takes on a concrete form with the litigation finance agreement. This seemingly sui generis agreement is characterized by a specific object that is the financing of international arbitration, and by its specific effects. It is relative to a lawsuit and yet deprived of privity by its very object. Therefore, the contract carries consequences on both the players of the arbitration proceedings for which the financer is not a party, and on the whole of the procedure and its outcome. The present study examines how the border that traditionally separates the concepts of party and third party becomes porous thus questioning the relevance of a regulation of the practice