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Socialdemokraternas förskjutning inom synen på arbetsmarknadspolitik : En idé- och innehållsanalys av partiprogram från 1990, 2001 och 2013. / The change of the Swedish social democratic party's view on labour market policy : An idea- and content analysis of Party programs from 1990, 2001 and 2013.Axelsson, Julia January 2016 (has links)
This essay is about the change of the Swedish party Socialdemokraterna (S). It is a very current subject, since many political newspapers write about that the party moves into the political middle. Apparently the party is not what it used to be and that is what this essay will explore and analyze. My purpose is to explore what ideal type answers best to the Social democrats change. The chosen ideal types are neo-liberalism, reformist socialism and the third way. And the materials I use are political programs from 1990, 2001 and 2013. To achieve my purpose I’ve chosen two different methods: 1. Content analysis 2. Idea analysis. Each of them has been very useful and to combine them has proved efficient. The results of the content analysis show that the party in 2001 and 2013 is using a different vocabulary than in 1990. The results of the idea analysis are that the political program from 2013 show that some of the ideas are divergent. For example, a traditional social democratic value is that the working hours should be shorter. But in 2013, the party doesn’t suggest shorter working days and weeks.
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A proposta de educação para o empreendedorismo do instituto empreender Endeavor : um estudo sobre parceria público-privadaSantos, Maurício Ivan dos January 2017 (has links)
A dissertação “A proposta de Educação para o Empreendedorismo do Instituto Empreender Endeavor: um estudo sobre parceria público-privada apresenta como temática central a relação público-privada na educação e tem como objetivo geral analisar o conteúdo da proposta de educação que fundamenta os cursos de empreendedorismo do Instituto Empreender Endeavor, promovidos em parceria com instituições públicas de educação no Brasil. Quanto à metodologia utilizada para realizar a pesquisa, o materialismo histórico representa o referencial teóricometodológico, sendo a análise documental a principal ferramenta, a partir do trabalho com fontes primárias e secundárias. O marco teórico da presente pesquisa parte das crises do capitalismo de 1970 e 2008 e o decorrente processo de reestruturação do sistema, o qual apresenta o Neoliberalismo, a Reestruturação Produtiva, a Globalização e a Terceira Via como estratégias para superação deste quadro. No plano políticoideológico, tanto o Neoliberalismo quanto a Terceira Via apresentam a reforma do Estado baseada na lógica mercantil como padrão de qualidade, o que tem possibilitado o crescimento da influência dos setores privados na direção e execução das políticas públicas, em especial no campo social, como a educação, que é o foco deste estudo. Contudo, a proposta neoliberal consiste no amplo processo de privatização, já a Terceira Via privilegia como elemento central a atuação das organizações ligadas ao Terceiro Setor. Constituintes deste processo, a Reestruturação Produtiva legitimou formas de organização do trabalho que atendessem aos interesses do capital em crise, com destaque para o Empreendedorismo, e a Globalização potencializou a expansão do capitalismo reestruturado através das Redes. Desta forma, a redefinição das fronteiras entre o público e o privado tem influenciado no conteúdo da educação pública, pois as Redes de Empreendedores Sociais ligadas ao Terceiro Setor, como é o caso do Instituto Empreender Endeavor, que estabelecem parcerias com instituições públicas de educação, definem o conteúdo educacional ofertado à população. A influência exercida por estas instituições privadas junto ao campo público da educação constitui-se como o problema deste estudo, o que sugere o seguinte questionamento: poderá o conteúdo da educação proposto pelo Instituto Empreender Endeavor, através de cursos de empreendedorismo oferecidos em parceria com instituições públicas de educação, ter implicações para a Democratização da Educação? No desenvolvimento da pesquisa verificou-se que o empreendedorismo dialoga com todas as estratégias características do processo de reestruturação do capitalismo, contribuindo para assegurar a hegemonia e conseqüente reprodução do sistema. Isto é, sua proposta articula, ao mesmo tempo, o apassivamento dos sujeitos que, diante do contexto de crise econômica e social, passam a buscar individualmente as competências demandadas pelo mercado e assumem os riscos de empreender seu próprio negócio para garantir a sobrevivência. Nesse sentido, conclui-se que os cursos de empreendedorismo do Instituto Empreender Endeavor promovidos em parceria com instituições públicas da educação brasileira contribuem para a deteriorização dos princípios de uma educação democrática, proporcionando um único caminho, a adaptação dos sujeitos às demandas do mercado capitalista, através da incorporação de competências socioemocionais para empreender seu próprio negócio, uma realidade que, para a maioria dos empreendedores brasileiros, significa precarização das condições de vida. / The dissertation "The Entrepreneurial Education Project of the Empreender Endeavor Institute: a study on public-private partnership presents as central theme the publicprivate relationship in education and its general objective is to analyze the content of the education proposal that bases the courses of entrepreneurship of Instituto Empreender Endeavor, promoted in partnership with public education institutions in Brazil. As for the methodology used to carry out the research, historical materialism represents the theoretical-methodological reference, and documentary analysis is the main tool, based on the work with primary and secondary sources. The theoretical framework of the present research starts from the crises of capitalism of 1970 and 2008 and the resulting process of restructuring the system, which presents Neoliberalism, Productive Restructuring, Globalization and the Third Way as strategies to overcome this framework. At the political-ideological level, both Neoliberalism and the Third Way present the reform of the State based on the mercantile logic as a quality standard, which has allowed the growth of the influence of the private sectors in the direction and execution of public policies, especially in the field social, such as education, which is the focus of this study. However, the neoliberal proposal consists of the broad process of privatization, since the Third Way privileges as a central element the performance of organizations related to the Third Sector. Constituents of this process, Productive Restructuring legitimized forms of work organization that served the interests of capital in crisis, with emphasis on Entrepreneurship, and Globalization enhanced the expansion of restructured capitalism through Networks. In this way, the redefinition of publicprivate boundaries has influenced the content of public education, since the Network of Social Entrepreneurs linked to the Third Sector, such as Instituto Empreender Endeavor, which establishes partnerships with public institutions of education, define the educational content offered to the population. The influence exerted by these private institutions in the public field of education constitutes the problem of this study, which suggests the following question: can the content of the education proposed by the Instituto Empreender Endeavor, through entrepreneurship courses offered in partnership with institutions education, have implications for the democratization of education? In the development of the research it was verified that entrepreneurship dialogues with all the characteristic strategies of the process of capitalist restructuring, contributing to ensure hegemony and consequent reproduction of the system. That is to say, its proposal articulates, at the same time, the apassivamento of the individuals who, faced with the context of economic and social crisis, begin to individually seek the competences demanded by the market and assume the risks of starting their own business to guarantee their survival. In this sense, it is concluded that the entrepreneurship courses of the Instituto Empreender Endeavor promoted in partnership with public institutions of Brazilian education contribute to the deterioration of the principles of a democratic education, providing a single path, the adaptation of the subjects to the demands of the capitalist market, through the incorporation of socio-emotional competences to undertake their own business, a reality that, for most Brazilian entrepreneurs, means the precariousness of living conditions.
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People's revolution or state imposition? Working the spaces between the contradictions of community development.Nabben, Robert Andrew, rob.nabben@rmit.edu.au January 2007 (has links)
My aim in this study is to develop more theoretically informed praxis - and practically informed theory - about two seminal questions:
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World Bank' / s Changing Approach To Poverty From A Neoliberal To A Third Way Approach: The Case Of TurkeyBademci, Emine 01 December 2007 (has links) (PDF)
This study aims to understand and explain World Bank&rsquo / s changing approach to poverty since 1990. Established as a development institution and as one of the leading members of development community, the World Bank has nearly turned out to be a poverty alleviation institution especially from late 1990s on. This change is a reflection of a process in which the Bank shapes its approach to poverty not only in accordance with its own goals but also in the framework of what happens in wider social, economic and political spheres of which the Bank is a part as a subject that both shapes and is shaped by them to a certain extent. Consequently, a remarkable change is observed in the Bank&rsquo / s approach, and this process of change is investigated in this study in two sub-periods that are characterized by ruptures in continuity. The first period more or less between 1990 and 1997 is characterized by the Bank&rsquo / s neoliberal approach to poverty, which mainly assumes poverty as a complementary element of structural adjustment programs in countries they are implemented. The second period from 1997 up to present is characterized, on the other hand, by a &ldquo / third way&rdquo / approach to poverty which mainly assumes poverty-as-social-exclusion as an indispensable central element of a renewed hegemonic project. In this study, the traces of these ruptures and the continuity in the Bank&rsquo / s approach are followed through their reflections on Turkey by making a close reading of the Bank&rsquo / s documents about poverty in Turkey.
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A Discursive Enquiry Into The Political Economy Of New Labour: Is It A Rupture From Or A Perpetuation Of Neoliberal Hegemony?Savas, Efe 01 September 2009 (has links) (PDF)
From the 1980&rsquo / s onwards a new conceptual framework which will be
subsequently called neoliberalism has become hegemonic by transforming and
redefining the common sense.
In the midst of the world economic crisis in the 1970s which would bring the
collapse of Keynesian paradigm, a new political culture promoting the superiority of
market-based order has started to emerge. Subsequently during the 1980s, by
establishing &lsquo / market-oriented society&rsquo / as the new dominant paradigm, neoliberal
hegemony has realized furher seperation of &lsquo / economics&rsquo / from the &lsquo / politics.&rsquo / In this respect, regarding the implementation of neoliberal policies, Great
Britain can be considered as a prime example. During the last three decades, political
atmosphere of Great Britain has to a large extent been shaped under the influence of
neoliberal hegemony that has engendered a significant paradigm shift in the
country&rsquo / s political economy. Meanwhile in the rapidly changing political atmosphere
of 1980&rsquo / s and 1990&rsquo / s, British Labour Party has also gone through a gradual ideological transformation that culminated in the emergence of New Labour. Despite
its initial claim to novelty, since New Labour is itself an actor that is formed during
the hegemony of neoliberalism, its possible affiliation with the neoliberal paradigm
deserves attention.
In this sense, in order to analyse its affiliation with the neoliberal hegemony,
this thesis attempts to develop a discursive enquiry into the political economy of
New Labour.
Consequently, by relying on remarkable findings which indicate the commonalities between New Labour and neoliberalism, this thesis advocates that
although being different from the initial neoliberal stance of &lsquo / Thatcherism&rsquo / , New
Labour perpetuates neoliberal hegemony insofar it takes neoliberal political
economy&rsquo / s basic premises as for granted.
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A Critical Evaluation Of The Third Way And Its Reflections On Turkish PoliticsTurk, Duygu 01 September 2005 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis aims to provide a critical evaluation of the Third Way and its reflections on Turkish politics. The Third Way emerged in the late 1990s with a claim to provide an alternative both to the old social democracy of welfare state period and to neo-liberalism. Based on a specific account of the radically changed world, the Third Way has maintained that the new conditions have rendered the old conceptualizations, as well as the old political positions, invalid. In this sense, this thesis argues that the re-definitions of the state and society relationship, the citizenship and the global order that the Third Way theory pursue have become the hegemonic notions of the current political context. It also claims that the Third Way can be considered as a product of the common attempts maintained by various approaches to complement the competitive market mechanism with social solidarity based on a socially inclusive strategy. The reflections of the Third Way on current Turkish political atmosphere are assessed in the thesis as further proofs of the hegemonic position that the Third Way occupies.
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A proposta de educação para o empreendedorismo do instituto empreender Endeavor : um estudo sobre parceria público-privadaSantos, Maurício Ivan dos January 2017 (has links)
A dissertação “A proposta de Educação para o Empreendedorismo do Instituto Empreender Endeavor: um estudo sobre parceria público-privada apresenta como temática central a relação público-privada na educação e tem como objetivo geral analisar o conteúdo da proposta de educação que fundamenta os cursos de empreendedorismo do Instituto Empreender Endeavor, promovidos em parceria com instituições públicas de educação no Brasil. Quanto à metodologia utilizada para realizar a pesquisa, o materialismo histórico representa o referencial teóricometodológico, sendo a análise documental a principal ferramenta, a partir do trabalho com fontes primárias e secundárias. O marco teórico da presente pesquisa parte das crises do capitalismo de 1970 e 2008 e o decorrente processo de reestruturação do sistema, o qual apresenta o Neoliberalismo, a Reestruturação Produtiva, a Globalização e a Terceira Via como estratégias para superação deste quadro. No plano políticoideológico, tanto o Neoliberalismo quanto a Terceira Via apresentam a reforma do Estado baseada na lógica mercantil como padrão de qualidade, o que tem possibilitado o crescimento da influência dos setores privados na direção e execução das políticas públicas, em especial no campo social, como a educação, que é o foco deste estudo. Contudo, a proposta neoliberal consiste no amplo processo de privatização, já a Terceira Via privilegia como elemento central a atuação das organizações ligadas ao Terceiro Setor. Constituintes deste processo, a Reestruturação Produtiva legitimou formas de organização do trabalho que atendessem aos interesses do capital em crise, com destaque para o Empreendedorismo, e a Globalização potencializou a expansão do capitalismo reestruturado através das Redes. Desta forma, a redefinição das fronteiras entre o público e o privado tem influenciado no conteúdo da educação pública, pois as Redes de Empreendedores Sociais ligadas ao Terceiro Setor, como é o caso do Instituto Empreender Endeavor, que estabelecem parcerias com instituições públicas de educação, definem o conteúdo educacional ofertado à população. A influência exercida por estas instituições privadas junto ao campo público da educação constitui-se como o problema deste estudo, o que sugere o seguinte questionamento: poderá o conteúdo da educação proposto pelo Instituto Empreender Endeavor, através de cursos de empreendedorismo oferecidos em parceria com instituições públicas de educação, ter implicações para a Democratização da Educação? No desenvolvimento da pesquisa verificou-se que o empreendedorismo dialoga com todas as estratégias características do processo de reestruturação do capitalismo, contribuindo para assegurar a hegemonia e conseqüente reprodução do sistema. Isto é, sua proposta articula, ao mesmo tempo, o apassivamento dos sujeitos que, diante do contexto de crise econômica e social, passam a buscar individualmente as competências demandadas pelo mercado e assumem os riscos de empreender seu próprio negócio para garantir a sobrevivência. Nesse sentido, conclui-se que os cursos de empreendedorismo do Instituto Empreender Endeavor promovidos em parceria com instituições públicas da educação brasileira contribuem para a deteriorização dos princípios de uma educação democrática, proporcionando um único caminho, a adaptação dos sujeitos às demandas do mercado capitalista, através da incorporação de competências socioemocionais para empreender seu próprio negócio, uma realidade que, para a maioria dos empreendedores brasileiros, significa precarização das condições de vida. / The dissertation "The Entrepreneurial Education Project of the Empreender Endeavor Institute: a study on public-private partnership presents as central theme the publicprivate relationship in education and its general objective is to analyze the content of the education proposal that bases the courses of entrepreneurship of Instituto Empreender Endeavor, promoted in partnership with public education institutions in Brazil. As for the methodology used to carry out the research, historical materialism represents the theoretical-methodological reference, and documentary analysis is the main tool, based on the work with primary and secondary sources. The theoretical framework of the present research starts from the crises of capitalism of 1970 and 2008 and the resulting process of restructuring the system, which presents Neoliberalism, Productive Restructuring, Globalization and the Third Way as strategies to overcome this framework. At the political-ideological level, both Neoliberalism and the Third Way present the reform of the State based on the mercantile logic as a quality standard, which has allowed the growth of the influence of the private sectors in the direction and execution of public policies, especially in the field social, such as education, which is the focus of this study. However, the neoliberal proposal consists of the broad process of privatization, since the Third Way privileges as a central element the performance of organizations related to the Third Sector. Constituents of this process, Productive Restructuring legitimized forms of work organization that served the interests of capital in crisis, with emphasis on Entrepreneurship, and Globalization enhanced the expansion of restructured capitalism through Networks. In this way, the redefinition of publicprivate boundaries has influenced the content of public education, since the Network of Social Entrepreneurs linked to the Third Sector, such as Instituto Empreender Endeavor, which establishes partnerships with public institutions of education, define the educational content offered to the population. The influence exerted by these private institutions in the public field of education constitutes the problem of this study, which suggests the following question: can the content of the education proposed by the Instituto Empreender Endeavor, through entrepreneurship courses offered in partnership with institutions education, have implications for the democratization of education? In the development of the research it was verified that entrepreneurship dialogues with all the characteristic strategies of the process of capitalist restructuring, contributing to ensure hegemony and consequent reproduction of the system. That is to say, its proposal articulates, at the same time, the apassivamento of the individuals who, faced with the context of economic and social crisis, begin to individually seek the competences demanded by the market and assume the risks of starting their own business to guarantee their survival. In this sense, it is concluded that the entrepreneurship courses of the Instituto Empreender Endeavor promoted in partnership with public institutions of Brazilian education contribute to the deterioration of the principles of a democratic education, providing a single path, the adaptation of the subjects to the demands of the capitalist market, through the incorporation of socio-emotional competences to undertake their own business, a reality that, for most Brazilian entrepreneurs, means the precariousness of living conditions.
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A proposta de educação para o empreendedorismo do instituto empreender Endeavor : um estudo sobre parceria público-privadaSantos, Maurício Ivan dos January 2017 (has links)
A dissertação “A proposta de Educação para o Empreendedorismo do Instituto Empreender Endeavor: um estudo sobre parceria público-privada apresenta como temática central a relação público-privada na educação e tem como objetivo geral analisar o conteúdo da proposta de educação que fundamenta os cursos de empreendedorismo do Instituto Empreender Endeavor, promovidos em parceria com instituições públicas de educação no Brasil. Quanto à metodologia utilizada para realizar a pesquisa, o materialismo histórico representa o referencial teóricometodológico, sendo a análise documental a principal ferramenta, a partir do trabalho com fontes primárias e secundárias. O marco teórico da presente pesquisa parte das crises do capitalismo de 1970 e 2008 e o decorrente processo de reestruturação do sistema, o qual apresenta o Neoliberalismo, a Reestruturação Produtiva, a Globalização e a Terceira Via como estratégias para superação deste quadro. No plano políticoideológico, tanto o Neoliberalismo quanto a Terceira Via apresentam a reforma do Estado baseada na lógica mercantil como padrão de qualidade, o que tem possibilitado o crescimento da influência dos setores privados na direção e execução das políticas públicas, em especial no campo social, como a educação, que é o foco deste estudo. Contudo, a proposta neoliberal consiste no amplo processo de privatização, já a Terceira Via privilegia como elemento central a atuação das organizações ligadas ao Terceiro Setor. Constituintes deste processo, a Reestruturação Produtiva legitimou formas de organização do trabalho que atendessem aos interesses do capital em crise, com destaque para o Empreendedorismo, e a Globalização potencializou a expansão do capitalismo reestruturado através das Redes. Desta forma, a redefinição das fronteiras entre o público e o privado tem influenciado no conteúdo da educação pública, pois as Redes de Empreendedores Sociais ligadas ao Terceiro Setor, como é o caso do Instituto Empreender Endeavor, que estabelecem parcerias com instituições públicas de educação, definem o conteúdo educacional ofertado à população. A influência exercida por estas instituições privadas junto ao campo público da educação constitui-se como o problema deste estudo, o que sugere o seguinte questionamento: poderá o conteúdo da educação proposto pelo Instituto Empreender Endeavor, através de cursos de empreendedorismo oferecidos em parceria com instituições públicas de educação, ter implicações para a Democratização da Educação? No desenvolvimento da pesquisa verificou-se que o empreendedorismo dialoga com todas as estratégias características do processo de reestruturação do capitalismo, contribuindo para assegurar a hegemonia e conseqüente reprodução do sistema. Isto é, sua proposta articula, ao mesmo tempo, o apassivamento dos sujeitos que, diante do contexto de crise econômica e social, passam a buscar individualmente as competências demandadas pelo mercado e assumem os riscos de empreender seu próprio negócio para garantir a sobrevivência. Nesse sentido, conclui-se que os cursos de empreendedorismo do Instituto Empreender Endeavor promovidos em parceria com instituições públicas da educação brasileira contribuem para a deteriorização dos princípios de uma educação democrática, proporcionando um único caminho, a adaptação dos sujeitos às demandas do mercado capitalista, através da incorporação de competências socioemocionais para empreender seu próprio negócio, uma realidade que, para a maioria dos empreendedores brasileiros, significa precarização das condições de vida. / The dissertation "The Entrepreneurial Education Project of the Empreender Endeavor Institute: a study on public-private partnership presents as central theme the publicprivate relationship in education and its general objective is to analyze the content of the education proposal that bases the courses of entrepreneurship of Instituto Empreender Endeavor, promoted in partnership with public education institutions in Brazil. As for the methodology used to carry out the research, historical materialism represents the theoretical-methodological reference, and documentary analysis is the main tool, based on the work with primary and secondary sources. The theoretical framework of the present research starts from the crises of capitalism of 1970 and 2008 and the resulting process of restructuring the system, which presents Neoliberalism, Productive Restructuring, Globalization and the Third Way as strategies to overcome this framework. At the political-ideological level, both Neoliberalism and the Third Way present the reform of the State based on the mercantile logic as a quality standard, which has allowed the growth of the influence of the private sectors in the direction and execution of public policies, especially in the field social, such as education, which is the focus of this study. However, the neoliberal proposal consists of the broad process of privatization, since the Third Way privileges as a central element the performance of organizations related to the Third Sector. Constituents of this process, Productive Restructuring legitimized forms of work organization that served the interests of capital in crisis, with emphasis on Entrepreneurship, and Globalization enhanced the expansion of restructured capitalism through Networks. In this way, the redefinition of publicprivate boundaries has influenced the content of public education, since the Network of Social Entrepreneurs linked to the Third Sector, such as Instituto Empreender Endeavor, which establishes partnerships with public institutions of education, define the educational content offered to the population. The influence exerted by these private institutions in the public field of education constitutes the problem of this study, which suggests the following question: can the content of the education proposed by the Instituto Empreender Endeavor, through entrepreneurship courses offered in partnership with institutions education, have implications for the democratization of education? In the development of the research it was verified that entrepreneurship dialogues with all the characteristic strategies of the process of capitalist restructuring, contributing to ensure hegemony and consequent reproduction of the system. That is to say, its proposal articulates, at the same time, the apassivamento of the individuals who, faced with the context of economic and social crisis, begin to individually seek the competences demanded by the market and assume the risks of starting their own business to guarantee their survival. In this sense, it is concluded that the entrepreneurship courses of the Instituto Empreender Endeavor promoted in partnership with public institutions of Brazilian education contribute to the deterioration of the principles of a democratic education, providing a single path, the adaptation of the subjects to the demands of the capitalist market, through the incorporation of socio-emotional competences to undertake their own business, a reality that, for most Brazilian entrepreneurs, means the precariousness of living conditions.
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As atuações do Estado, da Sociedade Civil e do Terceiro Setor na dinamica socioespacial da favela de Paraisopolis, em São Paulo / The participation of government, civil society and third way in the social-spatial dynamics of Paraisopolis' shanty-town in São Paulo cityOliveira, Herbert Lopes de 30 January 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Regina Celia Bega dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T13:57:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Oliveira_HerbertLopesde_M.pdf: 19430302 bytes, checksum: 8b80542a90751f00e83e92fc235b8ff7 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta dissertação discute a dinâmica sócioespacial da Favela de Paraisópolis, em São Paulo, que está localizada em meio às mansões e condomínios de alto padrão do bairro do Morumbi. Abordaremos a atuação do Estado, da Sociedade Civil e do Terceiro Setor nesta dinâmica, procurando relacionar esses três agentes. O Estado não se mostra capaz de suprir todas as necessidades da população e o Terceiro Setor passa, então, a oferecer serviços que deveriam ser ofertados pelo Estado, como saúde e educação. Cabe à Sociedade Civil reivindicar os serviços, seja ele oferecido pelo Estado ou pelo Terceiro Setor. Esta substituição do Estado ocorre em virtude da tendência neoliberal de substituição do Estado pelo Mercado também na esfera do oferecimento dos serviços públicos para a população. Para isso são oferecidos incentivos fiscais às empresas, porém, nem toda a população terá acesso a esses serviços, o que acaba gerando uma segregação. Veremos que em Paraisópolis há muitos projetos sociais sendo desenvolvidos que visam uma melhor qualidade de vida para a sua população, mas muitas vezes os moradores não têm voz ativa nesses projetos e acabam apenas usufruindo o serviço oferecido. Não há uma consulta para saber qual a área que necessita de mais ajuda. As empresas acabam tendo um poder de decisão sobre o uso do território muito maior que o Estado, que é quem deveria ter esse controle. Dessa forma, o Terceiro Setor vem crescendo no país em função da ausência cada vez maior do Estado. Esse aumento pode ser comprovado pelos dados mostrados nesta dissertação. Através do trabalho de campo realizado pode-se verificar as condições físicas da favela, como local de construção e tipos das casas (se alvenaria ou madeira, um, dois ou mais pavimentos etc), os relatos e as impressões que os moradores têm do lugar em que moram, o comércio existente, a dinâmica de movimentação das pessoas no interior e no entorno da favela, as discussões nas reuniões existentes dentro do Fórum de Multientidades de Paraisópolis etc..Outro ponto abordado é a urbanização da cidade de São Paulo e o surgimento das favelas com uma análise da localização das mesmas na cidade, os anos de surgimento e a dificuldade no acesso à terra e moradia por parte da população mais pobre da cidade, contribuindo para a expansão horizontal da ocupação da cidade / Abstract: This dissertation discusses the social and space dynamics of Paraisopolis Slum, in Sao Paulo, located among mansions and high-level condominiums at the Morumbi burgh. We will study State, Civil Society and Third Sector's attitudes towards this dynamic, trying to relate these three agents. As the State reveals itself unable to supply all the needs of the population, the Third Sector, then, offers services which should be State's duty, like health and education. Civil Society has to ask for these services, offered either by the State or Third Sector. This substitution of the State occurs due to a neoliberal tendency of substitution of the State by the Market also in the sphere of public services. Tax reduction policies are offered to the companies, but these services will not be accessible to all the population, causing segregation. We will observe that in Paraisopolis there are many social projects being developed in order to improve its population's quality of life, but many times the citizens do not have an active participation on these projects and end up just making use of the services provided. There is no research to know which area needs more help. The companies, as a result, have a power upon the use of the territory much greater than the State, which should be in control. Therefore, Third Sector has been raising its activities in the country due to the State's growing absence. Such growth can be verified by the data shown in this paper. Through the field work performed it was possible to verify the physical conditions of the slum, like the site of the constructions and layout of the houses (brickwork or wood, one, two or three floors, etc.), the dwellers' reports and impressions about the place they live, the commercial area, the dynamic of people's moves in its interior and surroundings, the discussions inside the Paraisopolis' Multientity Forum, etc. Another point approached is Sao Paulo's urbanization and the arise of slums with an analysis of their localization in the city, the years they arouse and the difficulty of access to land and habitation by the poorest population, contributing to the horizontal occupation of the city / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia
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Stát blahobytu, střední třída a demokracie - předpoklady, rizika a východiska / The welfare state, middle class and democracy - assumptions, risks and solutionsRůžičková, Veronika January 2011 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with the welfare state. The first chapter describes the characteristics of the welfare state and its possible different types. The second chapter is concerned with the historical background. The third chapter focuses on the relationship of the welfare state to the middle class and potentional risks which development of the middle class brings. Last, the fourth chapter elaborates one of the proposals for a reform of the welfare state. Specifically, it is focused on Gidden's Third way. This concept is first introduced, followed by critical responses, where a reader learns what above all bothers most opponents of this specific programme.
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