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Interpreters working in the Speech Interpretation Service clarify speech and language that is unclear due to voice-, speech-, or language disabilities as for example dysarthria and aphasia. Ethical guidelines of interpreting in general, demand the interpreter to function neutrally and impartially. In this study, four different ethically challenging situations are presented to speech interpreters through a questionnaire. The aim is to investigate how the interpreters would deal with the situations. Eleven speech interpreters from Sweden and eleven from Finland participated in the study. Results show that a majority of respondents do not follow a strict interpretation of ethical guidelines in three of the four situations. There is no significant difference between the responses of Swedish and Finnish participants in this study. The study finds that the speech interpreters are more personally involved in the interpreted event than ethical guidelines require. A discussion is needed, about the limit of what should be included in the professional role of speech interpreters.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att utvärdera säkerheten och motståndskraften hos CoAP-protokollet som används av ett multinationellt företag för kommunikationen mellan en gateway och appen för kontroll av smarta produkter. Utvärderingen började med att koppla gatewayn till nätverket och installera operativsystemet Kali Linux på datorn. För att utvärdera säkerheten och motståndskraften hos CoAP-protokollet genomfördes en serie DoS-attacker med olika intervall, antal paket och paketstorlek. Antalet paket som skickas visas av programvaran som genomför DoS-attacken, och tiden mäts med ett tidskommando i Kali Linux som mäter hur lång tid ett givet kommando tar att köra. Resultaten visar att appen kopplas bort från företagets gateway efter att ha blivit attackerad med 59 UDP-paket innehållande 0 byte data. Attacken kan delas upp i två mindre attacker på 30 och 29 packet med ett 10-timmars uppehåll mellan attackerna, utan att det påverkar det totala antalet paket som behövs för en lyckad DoS attack mot gatewayn. Appen kan inte återansluta till gatewayen efter att ha blivit attackerad med 59 paket. Gatewayn måste startas om genom att kopplas bort från elförsörjningen för att återhämta sig. / The purpose of this study has been to evaluate the security and resilience of the CoAP protocol used by multinational company for communication between the gateway and app. The evaluation began with setting up the gateway to the network and installing the required software to the computer. To evaluate the security and resilience of the CoAP protocol, a series of DoS attacks with different intervals, amount of packets and packet size were performed. The amount of packets sent are shown by the software that performs the DoS attack, while time is measured with the time command in Kali Linux that measures how long a given command takes to run. The results show that the app gets disconnected from the company’s gateway after being attacked with 59 UDP packets containing 0 bytes data. The attack can be split into two smaller attacks with a 10 hour window between them, without any change of amount of packets required for the gateway getting disconnected from the network. The app can’t reconnect to the gateway after being attacked with 59 packets, the gateway has to be disconnected from the power outlet to recover.

This thesis explores the role of the self-concept on ethical consumption behaviour within the Thai consumer context. Religiosity has an influence on a person’s self and morality as Thai people place high importance on religious values. Ten consumers are studied through in-depth, phenomenological interviews, focusing on ethical consumption experiences and meanings. The self-concept is viewed as an experiencer and a moral entity that is dynamic and contextual between internal and external values. The study has extended knowledge on the self-concept and self-image congruency in the context of ethical consumption. It found the existence of a self-ethics relationship through processes of internalisation and externalisation. Personal value, emotion, moral salience, religious beliefs and social values are internalised into the self-concept. On the other hand, externalisation allows consumers to express personal meanings onto society. Self-monitoring functions in these processes to control ethical behaviour. Ethical consumption helps consumers to construct and enhance moral identity, underpinned by the moral self. This thesis has found self-ethics congruency, where meanings of the self and ethical consumption are symbolised and encouraging ethical consumption. Moreover, the multidimensional self has emerged from the study. This finding offers insights on different aspects of the self-concept through ethical consumption. Consumers intuitively engage in ethical consumption when emotion is involved. The implications of this study suggest “who ethical consumers are” by looking at the consumer’s self. Organisations and marketers can use different selves and moral identity to segment and target potential ethical consumers while creating brand image corresponding to consumer’s self-image.

Background Ethical dilemmas in palliative care is a common issue for nurses to handle. Nurses have the responsibility to provide care that is in the best interest for the patient and to enhance the quality of life in the end-of-life stage. Dilemmas occur when differing opinions exist about what is in the best interest for the patient. Previous research indicates that nurses play a significant and crucial role in managing ethical dilemmas in palliative care, many of them experience conflicts when their sense of what is right clashes with their perceived duties. Aim The aim of this study was to describe strategies that nurses use for dealing with ethical dilemmas in palliative care. Method A literature-based study where eleven articles have been analyzed according to Friberg's five-step model. Results The findings of this study indicates that the primary strategies nurses use for addressing ethical dilemmas in palliative care was to establishing trusting relationship with the patients and also with their relatives. Collaboration with colleagues is also crucial and fostering effective teamwork, creating an environment for collective reflection to exchange experiences and knowledge. Conclusion Effective teamwork and strong patient relationships are essential in palliative care, leadong to an increased well-being for the patient and the ability to tailor care needs individually. Nurses in palliative care require ongoing professional development to feel secure in their professional roles and to foster confident healthcare relationships. / I strävan att uppnå optimal vård för patienter i palliativ vård står sjuksköterskor inte sällan inför komplexa etiska dilemman. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva de strategier sjuksköterskor använder för att hantera etiska dilemman inom palliativ vård. Resultatet visar att genom att mötas i samtal och att lyssna noggrant uppstår tillitsfulla relationer till både patienter och närstående. Hanteringen av etiska dilemman underlättas när sjuksköterskorna skapar en personcentrerad vårdmiljö utifrån patienters och närståendes önskemål. En annan strategi var samarbete i det tvärvetenskapliga vårdteamet. Ett teams olika kompetenser behövs för att tillgodose patienters vårdbehov. Etiska dilemman har ingen enkel lösning och för att skapa en gemensam förståelse och strategi krävs att teamet kan diskutera samt reflektera tillsammans och dela med sig av erfarenheter. Studien identifierade behovet av kontinuerlig kompetensutveckling inom etik för sjuksköterskor inom palliativ vård. Att vara rustad med djupare kunskap inom etiska teorier och metoder gav sjuksköterskorna större trygghet att fatta svåra beslut och att agera som patientadvokater. Slutligen framkom det att tid för reflektion var viktigt när sjuksköterskor stod inför etiska dilemman. Regelbundna reflektioner ökade medvetenheten hos sjuksköterskor, hur deras egna etiska värderingar påverkade deras beslut i vården av patienter i palliativt skede. Studiens resultat grundades på en sökning av elva vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl. Efter noggrann granskning och analys av artiklarna sammanställdes resultatet i två huvudteman och sex subteman. Dessutom diskuterades personcentrerat förhållningssätt, samtalets betydelse, sjuksköterskors ansvar att hålla sig uppdaterade, teamarbetets betydelse och normmedvetet och hållbarhet. Slutsatsen indikerar att genom tillämpning av dessa strategier kan sjuksköterskor hantera etiska dilemman och därigenom öka välbefinnandet för patienter inom palliativ vård.

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No description available.

This case study investigated the ethic of the profession, one of the four ethical frameworks used for ethical decision-making in education. Typically, this line of research is applied to school administrators; however, this investigation extended this research to teacher leaders by examining their daily practice. Out of a pool of thirty-six respondents, nine teachers were chosen to participate in the study. These teacher leaders were employed in urban, exurban, and suburban school districts, with experience levels varying from three to thirty-three years. Participants were required to complete the following: the Self-Assessment to Assess Readiness for Leadership, creation of personal code of ethics, and the creation of professional code of ethics. An in-depth interview to discuss the codes, and clashes between codes was conducted, as well as a second interview to address an ethical dilemma identified by the participants. Categorical analysis was used to recognize recurring themes. A conceptual model of the decision-making process was developed to explain the phenomena observed in these data. In addition, recurring themes were identified through analysis of the interview data. Themes included a prevailing concern for fairness, student welfare, educational equality, safety, and student discipline. When responding to critical events that triggered ethical dilemmas, these participants habitually used their personal and professional codes of ethics to determine a course of action. Participants exhibited a sophisticated decision-making approach which moved participants past the reliance on one ethical frame of justice, critique, or care, into the use of multiple paradigms to solve ethical dilemmas. In the final analyses, the ethic of the profession was demonstrated by these nine teacher leaders through reflection and reliance on personal and professional codes of ethics, and by placing students at the center of the ethical decision-making process. / Educational Administration