In this research, two studies were conducted in order to examine the psychological, social, somatic and educational effects of chronic traumatic experience on Palestinian children over the six years of the Al-Aqsa Intifada (2000-2006). Firstly, a quantitative study was conducted which aimed to explore the long-term effects of war and occupation on the Palestinian children in the Gaza Strip. The sample consisted of 1,137 children aged between ten and 18 years randomly selected from all parts of the Gaza Strip to participate in the study. The participants completed a Checklist of Traumatic Experiences (CTE), a Symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (SPTSDS), a Network of Psycho-Social Support (NPSS) and a Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ). This study found that every child in Palestine is likely to have been exposed to at least three traumatic events. Importantly, this study also found that 41% of the participants suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD). This indicates that there are potentially more than 300,000 children in the Gaza Strip in need of psychological, social,and medical services in the areas of rehabilitation and therapeutic treatment. The study revealed that the support of family, friends, relatives, teachers, and spiritual leaders can be of great help. In addition to this, positive traits of personality can reduce the effects of PTSD. Secondly, a qualitative study aimed to explore, in more depth, the moderating factors relating to Palestinian children who have been exposed to chronic traumatic experiences, particularly the children who show low levels of PTSD. The sample consisted of six children interviewed in Arabic by using a semi-structured interview. They were aged between 13-18 years. The participants were selected according to the amount of traumatic events and level of PTSD experienced by the children who took part in the first study. This study found that the moderating factors and levels of influence which protected them from developing PTSD are positive personality traits and ideological commitment, psychosocial support, entertainment and adaptation or acclimatization. This research concluded that having a normal childhood in Palestine is unlikely in the current circumstances and the future psychological well-being of Palestinian children is at risk of being compromised by on-going traumatic experiences.

Eudora Welty is an author concerned with relationships between human beings. Throughout A Curtain of Green and Other Stories, The Wide Net and Other Stories, and The Golden Apples, Welty's characters search for ways in which to establish and sustain viable bonds. Particularly problematic are the relationships between opposite sexes. I argue that Welty uses communication as a tool for sustaining a relationship in her early work. I further argue that when her stories provide mostly negative outcomes, Welty moves on to a illuminate the possibility and subsequent failure of relationships via innocence in the natural world. Finally, Welty explores, through her characters, the attempt at marginalization and the quest for relationships outside the culture of the South.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att skapa en djupare förståelse för den kvinnliga brottsligheten i Karlstad under perioden 1914–1920. Arbetet grundas på kvantitativ metod men har även inslag av kvalitativ metod. Den teoretiska grunden för uppsatsen är Yvonne Hirdmans genusteori som kompletteras av tre kriminologiska teorier. Källmaterialet som används i uppsatsen är Karlstads Stadsfiskal, Rotel över brottmål, 1914–1920 med beteckning CIII:15–21 som finns tillgängligt på Värmlandsarkivet i Karlstad. Uppsatsens resultat är att kvinnor begick en variation av brott som skiftade varje år. Männen hade fyra största brottstyper som återkom varje år nämligen fylleri, förargelseväckande beteende, fylleri under sabbat samt förseelse. De tre oftast förekommande brott hos kvinnor är förseelse, fylleri och stöld. Det straff som tilldelades oftast för både män och kvinnor är böter och båda könen hade ett högt antal frikända personer. Det som skiljer könen åt gällande straff är att till stillnad från männen var det väldigt få kvinnor som straffades med straffarbetet och fängelsestraff. / The purpose of this paper is to enable a deeper understanding of female criminality in Karlstad between 1914-1920. The work primarily uses a quantitative method, but also draws slightly from qualitative method. The theoretical basis for this essay is Yvonne Hirdman’s gender theory, which is supplemented by three criminology theories. The source material that has been used in this paper is Karlstad Stadsfiskal, Rotel över brottmål, 1914-1920 with designation CIII: 15-21 which is available at Värmland’s Archive in Karlstad. The result of this paper is that women committed a variety of crimes, that shifted every year, while men had four different crime types that recurred every year; namely drunkenness, disorderly conduct, drunkenness during the Sabbath, and misdemeanor. The three most common crimes amongst women were misdemeanor, drunkenness and theft. The most common punishment for both sexes was fines, and both sexes also had a high amount of acquittals. The biggest difference between the punishment of men and women was the fact that women were much less likely to be sentenced to prison or hard labour.

Geólogo / Las unidades litoestratigráficas cenozoicas del sector nororiental de los Andes Patagónicos Australes de la región de Magallanes han sido pobremente estudiadas del lado chileno de la frontera. En esta zona, el borde occidental de la cuenca de antepaís presenta una estructura monoclinal manteando hacia el este, en el dominio externo de la faja plegada y corrida de los Andes Australes (Ghiglione et al., 2009; Fosdick et. al., 2011; Likerman et al., 2013). En Sierra Baguales (50°51'24.12 S, 72°19'53.89 O), Cecioni (1957b) definió la Formación Las Flores como 160 m de depósitos de areniscas intercaladas con limolitas grises continentales. Correlacionada con la Formación El Salto (González y Tapia, 1952a) a través de improntas foliares de Nothofagus sp., se le asignó una edad oligocena superior miocena inferior. Tras los trabajos de ENAP en la década del 50' y 60', sólo estudios como Le Roux et al. (2010) y Bostelmann et al. (2013) han analizado con cierto detalle las unidades cenozoicas en este territorio. El presente trabajo revisa el estratotipo de la Formación Las Flores, para determinar su validez y sus relaciones con otras unidades litoestratigráficas del sector. La zona de estudio comprende el chorrillo Las Flores, paralelo al río Baguales, 120 km al norte de la ciudad de Puerto Natales. Se realizó una campaña de trabajo durante el mes de marzo de 2013, recorriendo localidades del río Baguales, río Bandurrias y de las estancias 3R, Baguales, La Cumbre, Los Leones y Cerro Guido. En ésta se realizó una columna estratigráfica en detalle del estratotipo de la Formación Las Flores, afloramiento escarpado y prominente en la ladera este del cañadón norte-sur tras el cerro Torta. Se midió la potencia con cinta métrica y se corrigió con brújula Brunton. Se realizaron descripciones litológicas, colecta de muestras geológicas y de restos fósiles. La columna, de 56.8 m, constó de seis sub-unidades: limolitas y areniscas macizas azules a amarillas (sub-unidad A); areniscas medias con estratificación cruzada planar de bajo ángulo y bioturbaciones (B); areniscas muy finas a medias intercaladas con limolitas, estratificación cruzada planar de alto ángulo y trazas de Spongeliomorpha isp., Thalssinoides suevicus y Ophiomorpha nodosa (C); areniscas azules con estratificación cruzada planar de alto ángulo y concreciones rojas (D); intercalaciones de areniscas amarillas y limolitas grisáceas con improntas foliares mal preservadas de Nothofagus sp. (E); areniscas medias amarillas, estratificación cruzada planar de ángulo medio, moldes de Modiomytilus mercerati, dientes de tiburón y trazas de T. suevicus, O. nodosa y Skolithos sp. (F). El techo está cubierto por depósitos glaciales cuaternarios y un filón basáltico de ca. 100 m de espesor. Se determinó un sistema deposicional de borde costero. La asociación de icnogéneros indicó la icnofacies de Skolithos. Se sugirió la interpretación de tres facies sedimentarias: planicie mareal (A, E), barra mareal (B, D, F) y un posible canal mareal (C). Se asignó un sistema estuarino dominado por mareas. No se descartaron deltas dominado por mareas ni por olas. Debido a la errónea definición y diferencias en extensión, potencia, ambiente deposicional y relaciones estratigráficas, se propone descartar la Formación Las Flores y nombrar momentáneamente las unidades con la Formación Man Aike (Piatnitzky, 1938; Feruglio, 1938; Furque, 1973; Marenssi et al., 2002), del final del Eoceno medio.

The sense of humour is a uniquely human skill and understanding humour is an important and rewarding part of social interaction. This thesis begins by discussing the definition of humour, followed by a review of the evidence we have that humour is an evolved and adaptive behaviour. Humour may play an important role in helping individuals to bond and signal cooperation, which may be further communicated by the humour style which is used to communicate. Research has also demonstrated that humour is an attractive quality in a mate, though the precise reasons for this are currently debated (Chapter 1). Empirical work in the first section of the thesis is consistent with evidence demonstrating that humour is attractive and sexually selected for. Chapter 2 tests the influence of modality and relationship context in an effort to further our understanding of why humour is attractive and provides evidence that more attractive people are rated as being funnier than less attractive people. Humour was also found to be more attractive for short-term relationships than long-term relationships, possibly due to the similarity between funniness and flirtatiousness. In Chapter 3, attractiveness ratings of vignettes in the style of personal advertisements, which contained either aggressive or affiliative humour, demonstrated the importance of humour style. An affiliative humour style was more attractive for long-term relationships whereas an aggressive humour style was more attractive for short-term relationships. Further testing provided evidence that humour styles were associated with personality traits which are highly relevant in a mating context, helping to explain the functions of different humour styles. The second section of the thesis examines the relationship between humour, cooperation, and dominance as an alternative explanation for the evolution of humour. Chapter 4 contains an extended introduction to the physical, verbal, and nonverbal cues to dominance and the sex differences that exist in expressive behaviours. Chapter 5 continues this theme and elaborates further on the function of humour in group situations, before providing empirical evidence of how humour is used in the context of a competitive ‘desert-island’ style conversation between same-sex dyads. Chapter 6 further expands on this line of research as empirical evidence presented in this chapter demonstrates that males may be using humour as a way of communicating the desire to cooperate with other males who are of a similar level of dominance. The communication of dominance is further examined in Chapter 7, where ethological evidence showed that males who were more physically dominant tended to knock doors with greater frequency than males who were less physically dominant. In the final chapter of the thesis (Chapter 8), the evolution of humour is discussed in light of the evidence presented in Chapters 2-7. The thesis presents evidence to suggest that humour production is an important skill for males for two reasons. Firstly, a good sense of humour is a highly attractive quality to females and may be a cue to genetic quality or good partner qualities, depending on the humour style used. Secondly, it may be important for males to use humour to signal cooperation to other males in order to form alliances. In females, the evidence presented in the thesis suggests that humour production may be a way for females to demonstrate romantic interest or flirtatiousness but the function of humour use between females remains largely inconclusive.

Community archives have developed in response to gaps in the documentary record and the real and perceived limitations of state-funded archives. These communities, whether defined by location, shared identity, or common interests, recognize the vital role of records in building collective memory and the importance of having access to their history. Informed by postmodern and postcolonial intellectual concerns, archivists have explored such themes and taken a greater interest in community archives as models of archiving that offer new opportunities and tools for capturing diversity and multiple perspectives on the past. This thesis traces the history of archival thought in relation to community by examining the dichotomy between community and mainstream archives. It explores the breakdown of the dichotomy, as exemplified in recent models of independent community archives and participatory archives. Case studies of the Boissevain Community Archives and Shingwauk Residential Schools Centre test the hypothesis that archivists stand to benefit from a historical perspective on community archives, one that takes into account the ongoing production of community and the role of archives, archivists, and community members in that production. Throughout, this thesis reaffirms the value of historical analysis in archival studies, arguing that it enriches understandings of the provenance of records created, maintained, and preserved by community. / October 2016

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between ease of discussion of sexual likes and dislikes with a sexual partner and religious, expressive, and affectional influences in the family of origin.

Battered women's perceptions of gender roles within the family were studied. Twenty white, working-class women who were victims of domestic violence were interviewed. It was determined that battered women have very traditional views of gender roles in the family and these views affected the choices that they made within their relationships and their ability to escape these abusive relationships.

This thesis examined student-participants' self-reported use of romantic relational maintenance strategies and their partners' reports of relational satisfaction. Additionally, individuals outside the romantic relationship reported on student-participants' general communicator style. The research proposed that general style reports would be predictive of relational maintenance strategy usage and of romantic partners' relational satisfaction. The study found that general style behaviors may not be indicative of relational maintenance strategy usage or romantic partners' relational satisfaction. Tests of sex differences revealed that females' expression of various relational maintenance strategies and style behaviors are associated with male partners' relational satisfaction; however, no results were obtained indicating specific behaviors expressed by males result in female partners' relational satisfaction.

This thesis examined 199 college students' reported use of relational maintenance strategies and their reports of the occurrence of sexual communication strategies within the relationship with their partners' reported relational satisfaction.