A pesquisa tem dois objetivos centrais: reconstruir o desenvolvimento da justiça de transição no Brasil até os dias atuais e identificar algumas das principais razões dos limites de sua implementação no país. Conforme as principais hipóteses, os limites da experiência da justiça transicional no Brasil estão associados a um discurso sobre a redemocratização no país, discurso este que tem a conciliação nacional como sua principal categoria. A primeira hipótese da pesquisa é a de que o discurso da conciliação nacional, veiculado pelo menos desde a elaboração do projeto de anistia pelo governo Figueiredo, continuaria a ser um dos principais limites ao desenvolvimento da justiça de transição no Brasil. Mas a segunda hipótese sustenta que, dos últimos trabalhos mais aprofundados sobre o tema para cá, este discurso teria sua hegemonia contestada de forma significativa, sendo obrigado a ceder a algumas das demandas de entidades da sociedade civil que até pouco tempo atrás não eram consideradas como negociáveis. Os objetivos e hipóteses centrais da tese serão mobilizados na seguinte estrutura. Capítulo 1: teoria e crítica dos parâmetros normativos da justiça de transição. Capítulo 2: reconstituição histórica e discursiva sobre a anistia e sobre o programa brasileiro de reparações. Capítulo 3: reconstituição discursiva e crítica sobre o julgamento do STF acerca da constitucionalidade da bilateralidade da anistia e sobre o estágio das ações penais movidas pelo Ministério Público Federal. Capítulo 4: reconstituição crítica dos trabalhos da Comissão Nacional da Verdade. / The research has two main objectives: to reconstruct the development of transitional justice in Brazil until today and to identify some of the main reasons underlying the limits of its implementation in the country. According to our main hypotheses, the limits of transitional justice in Brazil are associated with a discourse on the countrys democratization, which holds \"national reconciliation\" as its crucial category. The hypothesis 1 of the research asserts that the discourse of \"national reconciliation\", elaborated at least since the project of amnesty by the Figueiredo government, remains one of the main limitations to the development of transitional justice in Brazil. But the hypothesis 2 maintains that from the last major works on the subject to today, the hegemony of this discourse has been significantly challenged, giving some room to historical claims of civil society that until recently were not considered negotiable. The objectives and main hypotheses will be developed in the following structure. Chapter 1: theory and critique of the normative parameters of transitional justice. Chapter 2: historical and discursive reconstitution of the amnesty and of the Brazilian program of reparation. Chapter 3: discursive reconstitution and critique of the decision of the Brazilian Supreme Court on the amnestys constitutionality and the stage of criminal cases filed by federal prosecutors. Chapter 4: critical reconstitution of the work of the National Truth Commission.

This study examines the first inauguration speech and the four Independence anniversary speeches delivered by the former second president of Namibia, Hifikepunye Pohamba. The five volumes of these speeches, which marked Pohamba’s first term of office, plus audio-recordings of the highlights of the speeches on the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation, were the primary data of the study. Pohamba’s modern presidency, executed the laws through speeches, communicated directly to the Namibian people about what his Government have done, what it is attempting to do, and what they plan to do. In order to investigate how Hifikepunye Pohamba’s rhetoric continued in shaping democracy in the post-apartheid Namibia, the argument of the analysis was based on the Aristotelian (2007) ‘three regimes’ of rhetoric as well as the three rhetorical proofs. On the historical background information, a context of the rhetorical situation was drawn from Bitzer (1968), and the rhetorical argument and application of Perelman (1984). Moreover, close contextual analysis was also employed as it seeks to analyse the relationship between the inner working of public discourse and its historical context in order to discover what makes a particular text function persuasively. Pohamba’s speeches were analysed closely and rhetorically interpreted within their Namibian historical and political context. Thus, the study reveals the monumental occasions in the history of Namibian politics, among others, the symbolic rhetoric of the peaceful transfer of power from the founding President Sam Nujoma to the second president, who was also democratically elected, Hifikepunye Pohamba. Pohamba’s rhetoric reflects his rhetorical performative. He demonstrated his democratic ethics to his audience in his rhetoric, and constantly referred to certain individuals who were respected by his audience. Thus, he continued shaping democracy in Namibia. Pohamba’s rhetoric contains values of praising and blaming; he established fact and judgement about the past, and also advised about the future. He emphasised on the policy of national reconciliation and confirmed that reconciliation had ushered in a new dispensation of political stability, peace, unity, ethnic cohesion and security in Namibia. Namibian people must therefore continue to shun the vices of tribalism, sexism and corruption, among other things. Pohamba effectively used his rhetoric to communicate to the audience which is an important aspect of a democratic regime. This was observed internationally, which enabled Pohamba to put Namibia on the world map as he won MO Ibrahim award for African leadership at the end of his second term. However, the current study has focused only on the rhetoric of his first term.

While there is a plethora of research on the church, healing and reconciliation, there is none that has taken cognisance of the need to find solutions to deal with tribalism between Ndebele and Shona clergy in the Pentecostal church of Zimbabwe. Clergy are deployed according to the language they speak, instead of the passion and call of Elohim upon their lives. Many Researches have been done on centuries of tribal conflict; however, they centred on socio-political influences instead of socio-religious influences and consequences of the tribal conflict between Ndebele and Shona clergy. Tribal conflict has transcended generations and crossed all social settings that it has found its expression even among the clergy and laity within churches across Zimbabwe. The main focus of this research is the conflict between Ndebele and Shona Clergy in the Pentecostal church in Zimbabwe and has sought to “lift the carpet” and remove all the hidden social and unspoken debris, that continues to split the church along tribal lines. The Researcher writes from the perspective of being a female clergy who is also born by a Shona father and a Ndebele mother hence she relates to both sets of people outside the church. However, within the conservative Pentecostal church setting, the researcher was made to feel like an outsider by both groups which was even aggravated by the fact that her denominational organisation doesn't ordain and recognise female ministers let alone those of mixed ethnicity. The research established a participatory action research process so as to promote both education (creating curricula that deals with tribalism) and action (speaking against tribalism from the pulpit). The Research Methodology that was initially proposed was a Mixed Methods Action Research (Ivankova, 2015: 45), however during the course of the study it was changed to a qualitative method of enquiry as it thoroughly investigated and interrogated the tribal status quo among the Pentecostal clergy (Ndebele & Shona) in Zimbabwe. The research demography was two of Zimbabwe's largest cities (namely; Bulawayo and Harare), and the reason for choosing these two cities, was because they are predominantly Ndebele and Shona concentrations, respectively. Zimbabwe is composed of these two as the major tribes and many other small tribes, however these small tribes seem to be insignificant to the social fabric of Zimbabwe compared to the two major tribes (namely the Ndebele and Shona). The effects of tribal differences between the Ndebele and Shona people was assessed, in order to ascertain their effect on pastoral care. An exploration of the history between the Ndebele and Shona tribes formulated part of this research, thereby creating an understanding of the underlying causes of the existing Tribal Conflicts. Most of the literature that deals with the Zimbabwean conflicts has not tried to bring to light the tribal conflict between the Ndebele and Shona clergy. An investigation on how this conflict began and what has been its contemporary influence among the Clergy of Zimbabwe was conducted via interviews, questionnaires, folk tales, books and journals. The power of the church as the custodian of reconciliation was discussed in order to harness and promote a visible pastoral care drive that will promote real Truth and Reconciliation while bringing healing to the church of Zimbabwe, in particular. An interrogation of the effectiveness of previous truth and reconciliation efforts assisted to lay the foundation for engaging of the Clergy. This research sought to understand whether the 1983 to 1987 Gukurahundi incidents were clarion indicators of existing tribal tensions between the Ndebele and Shona people, in particular the clergy. / Dissertation (MTh)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Practical Theology / MTh / Unrestricted

"This dissertation seeks firstly to re-examine the merits of the competing philosophies on the role of amnesties in transitional justice. It seeks in particular to investigate the currently popular notion that justice is necessarily retributive and even beyond that, to determine the veracity of the claim that prosecution represents a necessary element of retributivist justice. The objective is to contribute to the ongoing debate by examining and drawing practical lessons from the case of South Africa, which emerged in 1994 from several generations of institutionalised gross violatoins of human rights. Accordingly the Amnesty Committee of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), the law and the political philosophy undergirding its functions represent the focus of this study. ... This dissertation unfolds into five parts. Chapter 1, as an introduction to the rest of the work, sets out the relevance of the subject under review, the methodology and a brief overview of the chapters. Chapter two reviews the extensive literature on transitional justice and discusses the concepts that may be distilled therefrom. It discusses the contextual determinants of models of transitional justice and sets out the essence of the debate between vengeance and forgiveness as tools for achieving transitional justice. It also discusses the development of international law with respect to the permissiveness of amnesties and both the articulated and other justifications for their use. The burden of the third chapter is to first recount the factual circumstances of South Africa's trnsition and the factors that predicated the promulgation of the Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act 34 of 1995. It then briefly examines the provisions of the statute and it's implementation. It also engages in an empirical assessment of the almost 800 amnesties granted and employs a number of indices to determine whteher the process was even handed and achieved its objectives. These indices are: the politicl affiliations of the awardees; whether or not the crimes for which they received amnesty involved the loss of life; whether or not they had already been punished for thier transgressions and; whether or not they received forgiveness from the vicitms - actual or constructive. Chapter four focuses on some fo the criticisms that the TRC received. It assesses their merits and determines to what extent they subverted the quest for justice in transitional South Africa. In particular it looks at the reasoning of the Constitutional Court in the AZAPO Case, the alleged lack of objectivity of the TRC, its almost exclusively Christian orientation and its almost exclusive focus on abuses of civil and political rights. Chapter five concludes the dissertation by first determining whether or not there are any lessons to be learnt from South Africa's amnesty experience. It then outlines what the lessons are or should be. It closes by making recommendations as to what factors or particular considerations should guide the efforts and aspirations of abused societies that embark on the quest for transitional justice." -- Chapter 1. / Prepared under the supervision of Professor Frans Viljoen, Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria, South Africa / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2001. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

This dissertation examines the meaning of the African philosophy of Ubuntu in an emerging multi-racial community within the new context of democracy in South Africa from a narrative research perspective. South Africa has been embedded with notions of tribalism, homelands, segregation, racism, violence which have origins and ethnological prejudices mirrored in colonialism and apartheid. This dissertation is broadly shaped by the following three questions: • Is the concept of Ubuntu applicable in a multiracial community? • South Africa is viewed as an unequal society in terms of socio-economics, racial prejudice and resulting in political instability. How does this inequality affect people's relationships with one another and with the leaders in a diverse community? • How do people living in a multi-racial society in a post-democratic country perceive peace, forgiveness, the ideal of a Rainbow Nation and reconciliation in their communities? To appropriate the meaning of Ubuntu through narrative research in a multiracial community, the researcher embarked on a qualitative research, social constructionism, postmodernism and postfoundationalism in specific reference to the community of Olievenhoutsbosch Township. This is one of the rare urban townships in South Africa where almost all the races, classes, socio-economic statutes, ethnic groupings and foreigners are found. This study proceeded from a narrative research approach to listen to the stories of people living in this township. The aim of the research was to understand how meaning was being constructed with regard to Ubuntu. Ubuntu was frequently mentioned by the co-researchers as the African philosophy embracing 'Batho Pele' (People first), Rainbow Nation, peace, forgiveness and reconciliation in South Africa. The study traces the historical experiences of human settlement from colonialism, apartheid to post-apartheid. The research proceeded to transversal interdisciplinary conversation where academics from the fields of Clinical Psychology, Political Sciences and Education, reflected their voices. The study concludes with findings, reflections and recommendations that Ubuntu is essential for human beings and the lack of Ubuntu results to corruption in South Africa. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Practical Theology / PhD / Unrestricted

ABSTRACT This study sets out the understanding of the type of reconciliation approach used in Somalia, the participating leaders’ understanding, attitudes and actions towards the reconciliation as well as the role of civil society involved in the reconciliation in Somalia. the study used a qualitative abductive desk research methodology. The results based on secondary data drawn from the literature while the analysis has been used on John Paul Lederaches’ reconciliation approaches pyramid. The main findings explain that one level approach of reconciliation has been employed in Somalia, the former leaders' understanding, attitudes and actions have contributed to deepen the conflict, while the current leader's understanding, attitudes and actions seems to help promote national reconciliation in the country and the civil society role has been gradually mounting as the country has been under post conflict peacebuilding. The study identified three main issue are among the determinants of the reconciliation failure in Somalia firstly Somali protracted conflict would not have resisted if for example, the UN and international community had learned from the successful pragmatic reconciliations in the country. Secondly, it was also noted that as long as the supremacy of the clan politics continued, the role of civil society especially women would be compromised. And finally, the risk of reconciliation is greater in the involvement of the unscrupulous leaders.

After the abolition of apartheid, a process of healing and reconciliation was initiated in order for South Africa to move forward, grow and prosper. However, 25 years into democracy there is seemingly a lack of resolution. Instances of overt and covert racism, as well as anger and frustration have emerged increasingly, and repeatedly, as reflected in on-going recent events such as violent service delivery protests as well as the emergence of movements such as Fees Must Fall. Therefore, there is value in investigating the lived experiences of South Africans at this time in an attempt to understand the apparent discontent which calls into question the national narrative of reconciliation. The overall aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of black South Africans with regards to the constructs of the ‘rainbow nation’ and ‘reconciliation’ following two-and-a-half decades of democratic rule. Situated within a phenomenological framework, the research process included in-depth interviews with black South Africans ages 40 and over. The focus on black participants was an attempt to fill the gap that is left by the dominance of content related to reconciliation focusing on the prejudice reduction of white people, prioritising white phenomena in the literature and otherwise. Data analysis was conducted through thematic analysis which allowed a number of themes to emerge. Themes included: loss; burden of blackness on identity and purpose; the problem of white privilege, lack of willingness to change and racism. Moreover, themes of theory versus reality and mistrust were also significant among the findings. From the themes that emerged it can be concluded that the black experience of the reality of living in South Africa is incongruent with the constructs of the ‘rainbow nation’ and ‘reconciliation’ that dominate the narrative of a democratic South Africa. The reality of post-apartheid South Africa is an unequal and divided country that requires more work, compromise and discomfort to attain the rainbow nation as it is envisioned. Hence, for these participants these constructs are more aspirational than reality-based. / Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Psychology / MA / Unrestricted

Gene evolution is important in several areas, not least the understanding of thehuman body. Since the time of Darwin, researchers have visualized evolution withrooted binary trees. Hence, genes evolve constrained to how species have evolvedand that relationship is interesting to understand and explore. To solve this, onemethod is to infer the gene tree into the species tree, a so called reconciliation, butvisualizing reconciled trees with classical binary trees often results in clutteredvisualizations that quickly become difficult to understand. Therefore, in this thesisI present a new visualization method, Genvo, for reconciled phylogenies, and definea simple tree layout algorithm. I also present a problem characterization for thedomain-specific tasks, performed when working with gene evolution visualizations.A prototype of Genvo is then studied in a small pair analytics study, where fivepairs of master students tested the developed a prototype of Genvo. The results areanalyzed compared to a workshop with three participants, all with prior knowledgein the field of gene evolution. The analysis indicates a faster understanding of thegene data in Genvo, most likely through the pre-attentive features. / Att förstå geners evolution är relevant för flertalet områden, inte minst för attutforska den mänskliga kroppen. Ända sedan Darwin har forskare visualiseratevolution med hjälp av rotade binära träd. Dock utvecklas gener begränsat till hurdess arter utvecklats, och denna relation är av intresse att förstå och utforska. Attgöra en sammanslagning av ett gen-träd med sitt art-träd (reconciliation) är ett sättatt visualisera relationen, men lösningen blir ofta väldigt rörig och svårförståelig.Därför presenterar jag i detta examensarbete Genvo, ett reconciliation programsom använder en simpel träd-layout-algoritm för att visualisera geners evolution irelation till arters evolution i 3D. Jag presenterar även en gedigen problemkarakteriseringför de uppgifter forskarna utför när de jobbar med dagensvisualiseringsverktyg. En prototyp av Genvo testades sedan i en pairanalytics studie, med en testgrupp bestående av fem par. Studien är sedan jämfördmed en workshop där tre testpersoner, med tidigare erfarenhet, jobbade medsamma uppgifter. Analysen av studiernas resultat tyder på en snabbare förståelseav datan när användarna använde sig av Genvo.

This thesis is about the process of reconciliation between the Church of Sweden and Sápmi. By giving a historical retrospective, the process ends up in a context that can show why a reconciliation is desirable.  The reconciliation process began already in the 1990s, but a major change was taken in 2006 when an inquiry on the Sámi issues within the Church of Sweden was made.  This thesis examines the current reconciliation process from three perspectives.  The first perspective is to examine to whom the reconciliation process is directed. The second perspective is about the conflicts in the land and water issue, which the Sámi consider to be an important issue, but the issue is not included in the reconciliation process. The third perspective is to investigate what the Church of Sweden means by an increased Sámi presence in the church life. The historical relationships that stretch back many hundreds of years through research and storytelling. The documentation shows how the Church's approach and actions have negatively affected the Sámi population.  For this, the Church of Sweden has now apologised and is developing a ten-year action plan to strengthen the Sámi presence in the church life.

Abstract Title Reducing Adverse Events: Medication Reconciliation in Primary Care Purpose Primary care patients experience high levels of adverse drug reactions due to inaccurate medication reconciliation practices. Project Aims The project aims to improve medication reconciliation in a primary care setting. Outcome Measures Outcomes measures include identified medication discrepancies, staff satisfaction related to the use of the MATCH tool, and patient age ranges and gender. Methods Over a 4 week period, the clinic staff integrated the evidenced based instrument, Medication at Transitions and Clinical Handoff (MATCH) tool. Initially, the office manager provided a MATCH tool and a copy of the patients current medication list. The patient entered new and discontinued medications on the tool. The medical assistant reconciled the medication list in the electronic medical record. The nurse practitioner then reviewed the medications and compared the data to the MATCH tool. Lastly, the office manager scheduled the next patient appointment and attached a reminder to bring current medications. The completed MATCH tools (n=88) were collected for analysis. Findings Eighty-eight (n=88) MATCH tools with patient medication discrepancies, age ranges, genders, and staff responses were completed. Limitations included a 4-week time frame to use the tool, medical assistant buy-in related to the MATCH tool use, patient compliance to bring in medications to their next appointment, and patients ability to recall home medications. Implications Medication reconciliation is essential to patient care and safety in primary care settings. The MATCH tool is evidenced based and can improve medication reconciliation and reduce adverse drug reactions.