The aim of the thesis is to design, conduct and assess an experiment seeking to look into the utility properties of recent tools manufactured by HAM-FINAL. The tools include polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and CVD diamond cutting edges. In the theoretical part, the attention is devoted to cutting materials with an emphasis on diamond materials, as well as to issues associated with the wearing of the cutting tools, requirements specified for precision of bores and tools used in the manufacture of precision bores. The paper further provides an overview of a selection of world’s leading manufacturers of PCD blanks, CVD diamond coatings, CVD diamond layers and reamers with PCD cutting edges.

Cette thèse porte sur la géométrie du champ libre Gaussien. Le champ libre Gaussien est un objet central en théorie quantique des champs et représente entre autre les fluctuations naturelles d'un potentiel électrique ou d’un modèle de dimères. La thèse commence dans le discret avec la démonstration d'un principe de Donsker en dimension plus grande que 1. Ce résultat est établi grâce à une nouvelle façon de représenter le champ libre en exprimant son gradient comme la partie gradient d'un champ de bruits blancs. Ensuite, les processus d'exploration du champ libre - ou ensembles locaux - introduits par Schramm-Sheffield sont étudiés en détail. Ces ensembles locaux généralisent de façon naturelle le concept de temps d'arrêt. On formalise cette théorie d'une nouvelle manière en procédant par analogie au cas 1D. Pour mieux comprendre le comportement du champs libre près des points d'intersection des ensembles locaux, un étude fine des oscillations du champ libre 2D près du bord s'avère utile. Enfin, la partie principale de cette thèse étudie des processus d'explorations particuliers – les processus SLE qui sont couplés naturellement avec le champ libre. On peut donner par exemple un sens aux lignes de niveau en utilisant le processus SLE_4 (Schramm-Sheffield). Nous avons utilisé ce couplage pour mieux comprendre la relation dite de KPZ qui intervient dans la théorie de la gravité quantique de Liouville. A l ‘aide de résultats fins sur l’enroulement des SLEs, nous avons montré comment adapter la relation de KPZ à la famille ci-dessus de processus d’explorations du champ libre. On peut interpréter ces résultats aussi comme une description de la géométrie du champ libre près des ces lignes d’exploration. / In this thesis we study the geometry of the Gaussian free field (GFF). After a gentle general introduction, we describe what we call the Hodge decomposition of the white noise – a way to represent the white noise vector field as a sum of a gradient and a rotation of independent GFFs. This decomposition gives rise to the Donsker invariance principle for the GFF.Next, we revisit from a slightly different angle the theory of so-called local sets of the GFF, introduced by Schramm and Sheffield. These random sets allow one to study the geometry of the GFF in a Markovian way. We also go a step further in describing the behaviour of the field near the boundary of possibly several local sets. The first chapter ends with a study of boundary oscillations of the GFF.The GFF is only a generalized function, yet it comes out that one can still make sense of it as a „random landscape“. In particular, Schramm and Sheffield gave meaning to the level lines of the GFF in terms of a coupling with SLE_4 process. In chapter 2 we study this coupling and describe the existent proofs and a non-proof of measurability of the SLE_4 process in this coupling. The rest of this chapter contains one of the most technical parts of the thesis – we obtain fine estimates on the winding of the SLE curves, conditioned to pass closely by a fixed point.This technical work is put in use in chapter 3, where we study the so called KPZ relation. In this context, the KPZ formula relates fractal dimensions of sets under the Euclidean geometry and under the „quantum geometry“ given by the exponential of the GFF. So far the KPZ formula was derived for planar sets independent of the quantum geometry. Here, we determine the KPZ formulas for sets that are naturally coupled with the quantum geometry – for the flow and level lines of the GFF. The family of KPZ formulas obtained resemble but still differ from the KPZ formula for independent sets.

Bei der Herstellung von dickwandigem GJS treten zahlreiche ungeklärte Effekte durch die sehr langsamen Abkühlungs- und Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeiten auf. Bisherige Untersuchungsmethoden ermöglichen keine definierte Temperaturführung analog zum realen Bauteil und benötigen trotzdem große Schmelzemengen und einen hohen Trennaufwand für die Probenherstellung. Das Ziel der Arbeit bestand in der Entwicklung einer Versuchsmethode zur experimentellen Simulation extrem langer Abkühl- und Erstarrungszeiten von GJS. Die Verwendung einer geeigneten Abdeckung der Schmelze zur Minimierung des Mg-Abbrandes und eines druckfesten Kaltwandofens inkl. dynamischer Temperatursteuerung ermöglichte reproduzierbare Versuche zur Einstellung verschiedener Gefügezustände durch Variation der Abkühlregime und des Impfzustandes. Es gelang, Chunkygrafit und Grafitflotation gezielt herzustellen und dadurch die Entstehungsmechanismen wissenschaftlich zu untersuchen. Ein Chunkygrafit-Index-Diagramm konnte erarbeitet werden.

In my dissertation, I inquire into the phenomenon of monastic architecture and its plastic decoration in 16th century New Spain. The aim of this work is to present Mexican monasteries and their artistic significance. In my analysis, I build on the interpretation of monastic architecture from the perspective of early colonial society, I also reflect on the individual level, assessing its impact on the conquest and colonization of America. The methodology of this research project combines analysis of historical (e.g. study of historical sources) and art historical processes (iconological analysis of E. Panofsky) with analysis of anthropological concepts (e.g. rituals of transition of A. van Gennep, thick description of Cl. Geertz, concepts of liminality, structure and communitas of V. Turner). During my PhD studies, I conducted a field trip in Central Mexico (2013), supported by a grant from the Government of Mexico. I visited and documented one hundred and sixteen monasteries and the photographic documentation is the main empirical source of my analysis which further draws from the study of historical sources and academic literature. My research primarily focuses on three aspects: 1. the monastic architecture and art; 2. the role of the monastery in the process of European conquest and colonization...

The experimental studies performed on the behaviour of very thick concrete beams subjected to static loads have revealed that the shear mechanisms play an important role in the overall response and failure behaviour. The aim of this thesis is to recommend suitable design methods for thick concrete beams subjected to off-centre static concentrated load according Eurocode 2 by using non-linear finite element analysis (NLFEA). To achieve this task, Abaqus/Explicit has been used by employing constitutive material models to capture the material non-linearity and stiffness degradation of concrete. Concrete damaged plasticity model and perfect plasticity model has been used for concrete and steel respectively. Three dilation angles (30º, 38º and 45º) and fracture energy from FIB 1990 (76 N/m) and FIB 2010 (142 N/m) has been used to investigate their influence on the finite element model. The dilation angle of 38º and FIB 2010 fracture energy was adopted as the suitable choice that reasonably matched with the experimental results. In verifying and calibrating the finite element model, the experimental results of the thick reinforced concrete beam conducted by the American Concrete Institute have been used. Three design approaches in the ultimate and serviceability limit state according to Eurocode 2 recommendations have been used namely; the beam method, strut and tie method and shell element method. Using the reinforcement detailing of the hand calculations of beam method and strut and tie method and linear finite element analysis of shell element method, non-linear finite element models have been pre-processed and analysed in Abaqus/Explicit. During the post-processing, the results have been interpreted and compared between the three design methods. The results under consideration are hand-calculated load at 0.3 mm crack width, FE-load at 0.3 mm crack width, amount of reinforcement and FE-failure load. The comparison of the results between the three design approaches (beam method, strut and tie method and shell element method) indicates that strut and tie method is better design approach, because it is relatively economic with regards to the quantity of reinforcement bars, has the higher load capacity and has a higher load at crack width of 0.3 mm crack width. / De experimentella studier som utförts på tjocka betongbalkar som utsätts för statisk last har visat att skjuvning spelar en viktig roll i brottmekanismen. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att rekommendera lämpliga dimensioneringsmetoder för tjock betongbalkar utsatt for statisk koncentrerad last enligt Eurokod 2 med hjälp av ickelinjära finita element metod. Abaqus/Explicit användes genom att utnyttja konstitutiva materialmodeller för att fånga materialens icke-linjäritet och minskad styvhet. Tre dilatationsvinklar (30°, 38° och 45°) och två brottenergi från FIB 1990 (76 N/m) och FIB 2010 (142 N/m) tillämpas för att kontrollera deras inverkan på FE-modellerna. Dilatationsvinkel med 38° och FIB 2010 med högre brottenergi valdes i de icke-linjära finita elementanalyserna. Kontroll av FE-modellerna är baserad på ”American Concret Institutes” experimentella resultat på de tjocka betongbalkarna. Handberäkningar av tjocka betongbalkar har utförts i brott- och bruksgränstillstånd med tre dimensioneringsmetoder i Eurokod 2 nämligen balk metoden, fackverksmetoden och linjära-FE skalelementmetoden. Jämförelse har gjorts för de olika dimensioneringsmetoderna, genom att använda de armeringsdetaljer av handberäkningar i de verifierade och kalibrerade icke linjära FE-modellerna i Abaqus/Explicit. Resultaten i fråga är last för 0.3 mm handberäknad sprikvidd, FE-last för 0.3 mm sprikvidd, armeringsmängd och FE-brottlast. Jämförelse av resultaten mellan de tre dimensioneringsmetoder (balkmetod, fackverksmetod och skalelementmetod) visar att fackverksmetod är bättre design metod, eftersom det är relativt ekonomiskt med avseende på armeringsmängd, har högre lastkapacitet och last på 0.3 mm sprickvidd.

No description available.

Объектами исследования служили фармацевтическая субстанция «Аргамид» и готовая лекарственная форма 1% крем «Аргамид» на основе серебряной соли сульфадимидина (Приоритетная справка на выдачу патента № 2015153574 от 14.12.2015). Данная соль и лекарственные средства на ее основе были разработаны на базе кафедры фармации УГМУ с целью обеспечения российского фармацевтического рынка эффективными антибактериальными и ранозаживляющими лекарственными препаратами отечественного производства согласно стратегии развития фармацевтической промышленности «ФАРМА-2020». Цель работы: разработка и валидация методик количественного определения серебра в исследуемых лекарственных средствах. Анализ литературных данных показал, что оптимальным методом определения серебра является метод осадительного титрования с потенциометрической индикацией конечной точки титрования. При этом, учитывая содержание серебра в анализируемых лекарственных средствах, для его определения в субстанции был выбран метод роданометрического, а в готовой лекарственной форме – йодометрического титрования. Для анализируемых лекарственных средств были подобраны оптимальные условия пробоподготовки: масса навески, концентрация растворителя; время и температура обработки пробы. В качестве индикаторного вместо дорогостоящего импортного серебряного дискового электрода использовали отечественный толстопленочный серебросодержащий электрод. Положительные результаты валидационной оценки разработанных методик, проведенной согласно требованиям Государственной Фармакопеи РФ XIII изд., позволяют считать их приемлемыми и рекомендовать для включения в проекты фармакопейных статей на исследуемые лекарственные средства. Контроль содержания серебра по разработанным методикам не требует дорогостоящего оборудования, привлечения высококвалифицированного персонала, отличается относительно коротким временем анализа, а, следовательно, может применяться испытательными лабораториями предприятия в процессе производства и центрами контроля качества во время обращения на фармацевтическом рынке исследуемых лекарственных средств. / The objects of study were pharmaceutical substance "Argamid" and finished dosage form of 1% cream "Argamid" based on silver salt sulfadimidine (Priority reference patent number 2015153574 from 14.12.2015). This salt and drugs based on it have been developed at the Department of Pharmacy UGMU to ensure that the Russian pharmaceutical market effective antibacterial and wound healing medicines domestic production according to the strategy of development of the pharmaceutical industry "Pharma 2020". Objective: Development and validation of methods of quantitative determination of silver in the investigational medicinal product. Analysis of published data shows that the best method of determining silver is the method of precipitation titration with potentiometric indication end point. However, given the content of silver in the analyzed medicaments for identification substance rodanometricheskogo method was selected, and in the final dosage form - iodometric titration. optimal conditions for sample preparation were selected to be analyzed drugs: sample weight, the concentration of solvent; Sample processing time and temperature. As an indicator instead of expensive imported silver disk electrode used domestic thick-film silver-electrode. Positive results validation assessment developed techniques conducted in accordance with the requirements of the RF State Pharmacopoeia XIII ed., Allow us to consider them acceptable and recommended for inclusion in the draft articles on the pharmacopoeia investigational medicinal products. Control of the silver content by developed techniques does not require expensive equipment, highly skilled personnel, has a relatively short analysis time, and, therefore, can be applied testing laboratories of the enterprise in the production process and quality control center during handling in the pharmaceutical market of investigational medicinal products.

Объектами исследования служили лечебный препарат «Эндофальк» и товарный уротропина от ПАО «Метафракс». Цель работы: разработка вольтамперометрической методики количественного определения формальдегида с использованием толстопленочного углеродсодержащего электрода, модифицированного пленкой висмута (ТУЭ/Bi), в объектах фармации на примере уротропина и лекарственного препарата, содержащего в качестве основного вещества субстанцию «Макрогол 3350». Формальдегид (ФМ) относится к высоко опасным веществам с канцерогенным действием. Простые и чувствительные методы определения формальдегида необходимы для его контроля в объектах окружающей среды, питьевой воде, пищевых продуктах, товарах бытового назначения, фармпрепаратах. Электроаналитические методы с использованием индикаторных электродов, модифицированных различными металлами (Pd, Pt, Au, Ni Hg, Cu, Ag), считаются хорошей альтернативой спектральным, хемилюминесцентным и хроматографическим методам анализа для обнаружения следов ФМ из-за их высокой чувствительности, селективности, простоты и низкой стоимости оборудования, возможности проведения измерений в режиме реального времени. В работе впервые изучена возможность использования нетоксичного Bi/ТУЭ для определения ФМ. Для перевода гидратированной формы ФМ в его электрохимически активное производное использовали известный прием образования формальдегид гидразона (ФАГ) в присутствии сернокислого гидразина на фоне фосфатного буфера. Ток восстановления ФМ (АС) достигает максимальных значений при рН буферного раствора 5,2 ± 0,1 в присутствии 0,09– 0,15 М сернокислого гидразина на пленке висмута, осажденной предварительно в течение 8 - 12 мин при потенциале электролиза (-1,0) В. Установлено, что величина АС ФМ не зависит от времени накопления при потенциале (–0,5) В, при котором не происходят редокс - процессы в исследуемой системе, в течение 1 – 30 с. Разработаны методики количественного определения формальдегида в объектах фармации на примере ЛП «Эндофальк» и товарного уротропина от ПАО «Метафракс». Правильность полученных результатов подтверждена сравнением с результатами независимых методов анализа, прописанных в ФС РФ XIV издания на субстанции уротропина и «Макрогола 3350». / The objects of research were the medicinal product “Endofalk” and marketed urotropin from PJSC “Metafrax”. The mail goal of the research was to develope of a voltammetric method for quantitative determination of formaldehyde using a thick-film carbon-containing electrode modified with a bismuth film (TUE / Bi) in pharmacological objects on the example of urotropin and a drug similar to the substance “Macrogol 3350”. Formaldehyde (FM) is a highly hazardous substance with a carcinogenic effect. Simple and sensitive methods for the determination of formaldehyde are necessary for its control in environmental objects, drinking water, food products, household goods, pharmaceuticals. Electroanalytical methods using indicator electrodes modified with various metals (Pd, Pt, Au, Ni Hg, Cu, Ag) are considered to be a good alternative to spectral, chemiluminescent and chromatographic analysis methods for detecting traces of FM due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, simplicity and low cost of equipment, the ability to take measurements in real time. The possibility of using non-toxic Bi / TUE for the determination of FM was first studied in this work. To transfer the hydrated form of FM to its electrochemically active derivative, the well-known method for the formation of formaldehyde hydrazone (FAG) in the presence of hydrazine sulfate in the background of phosphate buffer was used. A higher current was obtained in buffer solution with value of pH 5.2 ± 0.1 and in a solution of 0.09–0.15 M hydrazine sulfate on a bismuth film pre-deposited for 8–12 min at an electrolysis potential of (-1 , 0). It was established that the value of AS FM does not depend on the accumulation time at a potential of (–0.5) V, at which no redox processes in the system for 1–30 s under study are observed. Methods have been developed for the quantitative determination of formaldehyde in pharmacological objects on the example of medicinal preparation “Endofalk” and urotropin from PJSC “Metafrax”. The correctness of the obtained results is confirmed by comparison with the results of independent analysis methods prescribed in the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the XIV edition on the substances of urotropin and “Macrogol 3350”.

Объектом исследования служило лекарственное вещество 5-метил-6-нитро-7-оксо-1,2,4-триазоло[1,5-а] пиримидинид аргинина моногидрат с условным названием «Триазид» (ТД). Цель работы: разработка чувствительного электрохимического сенсора для количественного определения лекарственного вещества 5-метил-6-нитро-7-оксо-1,2,4-триазоло[1,5-а] пиримидинид аргинина моногидрата. Показана возможность применения толстопленочных углеродсодержащих электродов для вольтамперометрического определения исследуемого вещества. Изучено влияние модифицирования поверхности толстопленочных электродов на их электрохимические характеристики для количественного определения лекарственного вещества в испытуемом растворе методами циклической вольтамперометрии, прямой вольтамперометрии в квадратно-волновом режиме, спектроскопии электрохимического импеданса и сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Исследовано влияние срока хранения электрохимического сенсора для количественного определения ТД методом прямой вольтамперометрии в квадратно – волновом режиме и спектроскопии электрохимического импеданса. Выбран чувствительный электрохимический сенсор для количественного определения ТД. Выполнена статистическая обработка результатов анализа. Проведено вольтамперометрическое определение ТД в фармацевтической субстанции «Триазид». Согласно ОФС.1.1.0012.15 и ОФС ОФС.1.1.0013.15 Государственной Фармакопеи РФ XIII издания, был сделан вывод о соответствии аналитической методики количественного определения ТД в фармацевтической субстанции «Триазид» заявленным критериям приемлемости. / The object of the study was the drug 5-methyl-6-nitro-7-oxo-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidinide arginine monohydrate with the code name «Triazid» (TD). Objective: development of a sensitive electrochemical sensor for the quantitative determination of the medicinal substance 5-methyl-6-nitro-7-oxo-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidinide of arginine monohydrate. The possibility of using thick-film carbon-containing electrodes for voltammetric determination of the test substance is shown. The effect of modification of the surface of thick-film electrodes on their electrochemical characteristics was studied for the quantitative determination of the drug in the test solution by the methods of cyclic voltammetry, direct voltammetry in the square-wave mode, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The influence of the shelf life of an electrochemical sensor for the quantitative determination of TD by direct voltammetry in a square-wave mode and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has been investigated. A sensitive electrochemical sensor was selected for the quantitative determination of TD. Statistical processing of the analysis results has been performed. Voltammetric determination of TD in the pharmaceutical substance «Triazid» was carried out. According to OFS.1.1.0012.15 and OFS OFS.1.1.0013.15 of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation of the XIII edition, it was concluded that the analytical method for quantitative determination of TD in the pharmaceutical substance «Triazid» meets the stated acceptance criteria.

M. Tech. (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology), Vaal University of Technology. / The purpose of this research was to develop optimal numerical solutions that can be employed during the design of cross bored thick-walled compound cylinders. The geometric design parameters of a cross bored compound cylinder that were optimized include shrinkage pressure, cross bore size, shape, location, and obliquity. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modeling software called Abaqus version 2019 was used to generate numerical solutions. A total of 48 different part models were created and analyzed in this work. The generated FEA results from these models were validated using analytical solutions developed from Lame’s theory. The effects of shrinkage pressure on hoop stresses and Stress Concentration Factor (SCF) were studied to determine the optimal conditions. The optimum shrinkage pressure obtained was henceforth used for further analysis in this work. In addition, using one factor at time optimization technique, an optimization process was carried out to determine the optimal combination of the cross bore configuration geometry that gives minimum SCF. These parameters of cross bore configuration geometry include different sizes of either circular or elliptical-shaped cross bore, positioned at radial, offset, and/or inclined. The analyses of the effects of shrinkage pressure ranging from 4.4733 to 223.662 MPa on 11 different part models, established that the shrinkage pressure of 89.464 MPa generated the minimum SCF magnitude of 3.02. After analyzing 8 different circular cross bore size ratios ranging from 0.1 to 0.8, at the radial position, it was established that the hoop stress increases with an increase in a cross bore size. The smallest cross bore size ratio of 0.1 gave the lowest hoop stress and minimum SCF of 3.02. Whereas the highest stress was developed at the cross-size ratio of 0.8 with an SCF magnitude of 6.75. The minimum magnitude of SCF translates to a reduction of the pressure carrying capacity of the compound cylinder by 67% than a similar plain compound cylinder. Generally, offsetting of the circularly shaped cross bore from the radial position, led to a reduction of the magnitude of SCFs. For instance, from the 8 offset positions analyzed, the minimum SCF occurred at the offset position of 0.006 m with a magnitude of 2.50. This SCF magnitude indicated a reduction of pressure carrying capacity of 60% in comparison to a similar plain compound cylinder. Evaluation of 12 different diameter ratios of elliptical-shaped cross bore ranging from 0.5 to 10, at the radial position, established the lowest SCF magnitude of 1.33 that occurred at a diameter ratio of 5. Henceforth, this optimum diameter ratio was used for further analysis. This aforesaid SCF magnitude translated to a reduction of the pressure carrying capacity of the compound cylinder by 24.81% when compared to a similar plain compound cylinder. Besides, offsetting of elliptically shaped cross bore generally decreased the magnitudes of SCFs. Therefore, for elliptically shaped cross bore, the lowest SCF occurred at radial position with magnitude of 1.33. A general comparison between the effects of circular and elliptical cross bore, established that the elliptical-shaped cross bores generated both lower hoop stresses and SCFs than those of circularly shaped cross bores. On the other hand, oblique elliptical offset cross bores along the Z-axis of the compound cylinder led to an increase in SCFs. As the oblique angle increased from 0 0 to 75 0, the SCFs also increased progressively, however, there was a significant increase in SCF when the inclination angle increased from 60 0 to 75 0. The lowest and highest SCF magnitude was 1.52 and 1.92 at 15 0 and 6.19 at 75 0, respectively. Overall, the optimum geometric configuration of a cross bore in a thick compound cylinder was found to be elliptically shaped, offset at radial position which is an obliquity angle of 0 0 having a diameter ratio a/b of 5.