Ethics in South African business has become a key factor in the success or failure of the economy. The purpose of this study is therefore to gain a deeper understanding of the effect that level of education and type of education has on cognitive moral reasoning, and the moderating effect that age has on these relationships. Of particular interest in this study is the role of business orientated education.The sample included individuals who have attained various types and levels of education from all religious, racial and socio-economic backgrounds. The instrument used to evaluate the level of cognitive moral reasoning of each individual in the sample was the second version of the Defining Issues Test (DIT) originally by Rest (1979), i.e. DIT-2 adapted by Narvaez, Thoma and Bebeau (1999).The most significant finding of the research is the apparent surge in postconventional moral thinking of younger people with business oriented education. This finding was significant given previous findings of similar studies regarding age and business students. No significant evidence was found to differentiate males versus females, as well as the influence of level of education.The results raise the question of the longevity of the effects of ethical training, and whether perhaps the effects are most evident during the time of the training. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Esta tese tem como objeto investigar, no pensamento republicano, como as categorias políticas conflito e interesse foram tratadas. Foram analisadas as obras Os Discursos sobre a Primeira Década de Tito Lívio, de Maquiavel, Oceana, de Harrington, O Contrato Social de Rousseau, Que é o Terceiro Estado?, de Sieyes, O Espírito das Leis, de Montesquieu, Os Artigos Federalistas, de Madison, Hamilton e Jay, e Da Revolução, de Hannah Arendt. Nessa análise, verificou-se que o conflito e o interesse estiveram juntos, no interior da política, no caso de Maquiavel, e fora dela, no caso de Harrington, Rousseau, Sieyes e Montesquieu. Com os Federalistas, conflito e interesse se dissociaram, com o interesse permanecendo no interior da república e o conflito dando lugar à pluralidade. Hannah Arendt preservou a pluralidade, mas retirando novamente o interesse da política. Com isso, verificamos que o conflito deixou de ser uma categoria relevante no pensamento político republicano, enquanto a pluralidade ocupou um lugar definitivo. / This dissertation\'s subject is to research, in the republican thought, how the cathegories conflict and interest have been considered. The work was focused on the following classical books: Discorsi,Oceana, The Social Contract, Rousseau, What is the Third State?,The Spirit of Laws, The Federalist Papers, On Revolution. Analysing them, it was verified that conflict and interest have had been together and in the politics with Machiavelli, an out of politics with Harrington, Rousseau, Sieyes and Montesquieu. With Hamilton, Madison and Jay, conflict and interest were divorced: interest stood in the politics and conflict was left out of it, being replaced by plurality, which become the central political cathegory. Hannah Arendt confirmed it, but her politics is without interests. Despite of this, the final result is conflict as a less relevant cathegory in republican political thought, and plurality as the most important one.

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The purpose of this research paper is to analyze a historical, theological subject concerning the rationale for the transition from a Puritanical view of God at Harvard in the early seventeenth century to a Utilitarian perspective in the first part of the nineteenth century. The Puritans had a profound effect on Harvard, bringing with them severe discipline and an authoritarian view of God. As a result, many of the first Harvard students left the college never to return,[1] and the school had significant difficulties in maintaining an enrollment in its early years. Puritanism viewed students as being essentially depraved and only allowed to live by the grace of God. The Cambridge community portrayed the Lord as being an almost heartless, judgmental father, whose main concern was the discipline of the wayward children. This perspective led to regular beatings, cruelty, and a lack of concern for scholarship that encouraged the pursuit of multiple points of view. However with the coming of Romanticism and Unitarianism to Massachusetts in the early part of the nineteenth century, there was an emerging, change in the nature of truth with respect to God. The people envisioned the Lord, as a kindly parent, who was primarily concerned with the happiness of the individual and the community. With this perspective came a drastically different view of theology, wherein all points of view had to be examined and understood. The rigidity of Puritanism gave way to the more liberal Unitarianism, and God became part of a joyous experience of living. This paper examines the change that occurred at Harvard with respect to the University’s view of God and its impact on the academic curricula. It considers the reasons for the charge and the view of the students, faculty, and administration. It a analyzes how changes within a community can have a profound influence on changes within a college, and it provides a basis for academic freedom that is the basis for academic freedom—a concept that was alien to the Puritans. The key question is whether it has been successful in shaping the development of academia or whether it has caused more chaos than success? [1] George M. Marsden. The Soul of the American University (Oxford: Oxford, 1994) 33-5.

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<p>Disorganized speech is a core feature of schizophrenia. It is a key component of formal thought disorder (FTD). Recent work has tied disorganized speech to deficits in metacognition, or one’s ability to integrate experiences to form complex mental representations. In this study, we aimed to 1) explore the relationship between disorganized speech and metacognition and 2) compare trained rater and emerging automated analysis methods. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Indiana Psychiatric Illness Interviews (IPII) were conducted; the IPII was coded for disorganized speech using the Communication Disturbances Index (CDI) and Coh-Metrix multidimensional indices. Metacognition was rated using the Metacognition Assessment Scale. We compared FTD (<i>n </i>= 16; PANSS conceptual disorganization ≥ 3) and non-FTD (<i>n</i> = 29; PANSS conceptual disorganization < 3) groups on metacognition and examined CDI and Coh-Metrix’s ability to account for variance in metacognition. We hypothesized that the FTD group would have lower metacognition and that both CDI and Coh-Metrix would account for significant variance in metacognition. Analyses indicated metacognition did not differ between groups and neither measure accounted for significant variance in metacognition. Results also showed that the CDI was able to distinguish the groups. Overall, results suggest little relationship between FTD and metacognition. Findings also indicate that trained rater measures of disorganized speech may have clinical utility in classifying FTD. Future research examining these constructs should address important limitations of this study by ensuring adequate levels of FTD in the study sample and by assessing neurocognition. </p>

<p>Formal thought disorder (FTD) is a debilitating symptom of psychosis. It is linked to functional deficits and generally demonstrates poor response to interventions. Metacognition has emerged as a potential therapeutic target that may be effective in reducing FTD, as metacognitive deficits and FTD both arise from disruptions in associative thought processes. This study’s primary aim was to determine whether FTD could be reduced with metacognitive therapy. Pre-post changes in FTD severity were assessed using clinician-rated and automated measures in 20 individuals with psychotic disorders who received 12 sessions of evidence-based metacognitive therapy. We also examined whether reductions in FTD were larger when assessed with automated instruments versus clinician-rated measures. Aim two compared associations between FTD and three outcome variables (social functioning, role functioning, metacognition) across FTD-measurement approach. Results indicated that automated FTD, but not clinician-rated FTD, was significantly reduced post-intervention. This effect was more robust within a subsample exhibiting greater levels of FTD. Strength of associations between FTD and outcome variables did not differ across FTD measurement approach. These findings provide initial evidence that a targeted metacognitive intervention can reduce FTD. Effects were strongest for automated instruments, which may be more sensitive to detecting change; however, differences in measurement type did not extend to associations with selected outcome variables. This study provides preliminary support for future efforts to reduce FTD. Large-scale studies with longer intervention periods may further our understanding of the effectiveness of metacognitive intervention on FTD. </p>

Julie Otsuka's novel When the Emperor Was Divine (2002) retells the trauma of the Japanese American imprisonment through the lens of fictional characters taken from their "white house on the wide street in Berkeley not far from the sea" to "the scorched white earth of the desert" (74, 23). The Topaz Internment Camp in Utah's Sevier Desert, where these characters were forcibly relocated, sits on the site of an ancient inland sea, Lake Bonneville, which submerged that barren desert ground some ten thousand years ago. The paleolake serves as a displaced but active character in Otsuka's novel that shapes the characters' understanding of their traumatic experience and their ability to work through it. Rather than serving as an actor in disorientation, the ancient sea actually enables reorientation, affording the characters a new understanding of self and place. In developing this sea-oriented analysis of the internment, I call upon theory from trauma scholars Judith Herman and Dominick LaCapra and archipelagic thinkers like Epeli Hau'ofa and Kathy Jetñil-Kijiner, who have reoriented our understandings of islands, continents, and the concept of home. With these thinkers as interlocutors, my archipelagic reading of When the Emperor Was Divine advances a model for understanding the ocean as a mediator and a symbol through which traumatic experiences are acted out, worked through, refracted, and reoriented. This essay relies on the interaction of"”or the potential for mutual illumination between"”two emergent arenas of study: critical desert studies and critical ocean and island studies. It thus becomes a frame through which archipelagic thought can become a collaborator for the contingent working through of trauma and, ultimately, a reimagination of notions of home and reorientation.

The present thesis is based on a scientifically informed reading of Fleck. In addition to the monograph, the material includes his additional philosophical writings and also his internationally published scientific articles. The sources provided by Fleck have been traced back to the time of their origin. Based on the above material, it is argued that rather than relativizing science, and thereby deeply influencing Kuhn, Fleck, attempting to participate in the current debates, is an ardent proponent of science, offering an internal account of its pursuit that accords with his often-contested epistemic concepts. The exposure of his description of the Wassermann reaction discloses a highly selected reading of the, at the time, available sources, but also its relation to the current debate on Einzelwissenschaften, or the standing of new emerging disciplines versus age-old ones, all occasioned by the remarkable progress of science that also affected philosophy. The divide between philosophers and scientists on the philosophical implications of modern physics is exposed as well as Fleck’s heuristic use of the latter topic in his epistemology. A more realistic account of his scientific accomplishment is provided that includes the unfeasibility of the manufacturing of an anti-typhus vaccine based on urine. It is finally argued that the modern interpretation, or the received humanist view of Fleck, is based on the, at the time of the rediscovery of the monograph, already endorsed program of STS writers opposing a scientifically informed reading of his texts. / QC 20101130

The mystery of Jesus Christ's life in reflections of guests and staff of Radio Proglas The thesis is written at the Department of Dogmatic and Fundamental Theology of Catholic Theological Faculty of Charles University in Prague under the lead of prof. Ctirad V. Pospíšil, Th.D. The main source of author's research is the collection of 230 minutes of Radio Proglas programme called "Myšlenka na den" (The Thought of the Day). This collection is analyzed form the point of the view of Christology and soteriology. The second source is the theological literature, especially the prof. Ctirad V. Pospíšil's monography Jesus of Nazareth, Lord and Saviour, which is used as the theoretical base of the thesis. This theoretical base is illustrated by appropriate texts from the programme "Myšlenka na den". "Myšlenka na den" is the everyday programme: a reflection, where its author contemplates and comments the events of the civic and liturgical year. It is a personal reflection of people of Christian faith. The authors of "Myšlenka na den", guests and staff of Radio Proglas, are in 90 per cents of Roman Catholic confession. Among them are bishops, priests, laypersons with basic or higher theological education. Radio Proglas has the ecumenical dimension. Therefore the programme is also prepared - in appropriate proportion -...