I argue that the bubonic tourist is a resistive and reflexive everyday character. I hypothesize that the bubonic tourist can generate spatial and temporal transgressions that sanction increased social agency and thereby transform our sense of subjectivity. By appropriating, cannibalizing, and carnivalizing social codes and modes of operation, I considered how communities are created through performance. I argue that by departing and arriving from the centre to the margins of a peer, social, and cultural genus—what Pierre Bourdieu calls habitus—marginalized individuals can both destabilize and inform demarcated and delimited categories. By performing and feeding back to social codes and norms experiences of the margins, the bubonic tourist creates fissures that engender self-reflexivity and meaning. I argue that, the bubonic tourist as a critical and creative practitioner can emancipate and empower the self and others. I considered how the bubonic tourist as an ethical individual is a member of a community that is created through performance. Finally, I considered how creative interventions might engender someone to transmogrify into the bubonic tourist and how as a methodology the bubonic tourist could have practical application. This study, seeks to outline the grounds in which instability can generate agency and a sense of self.

Culture has been demonstrated in the literature to have an effect on tourism behavior, including the way that tourists perceive their travel experience; different cultures often hold different values (LeBlanc, 2004 & Sussman and Rashcovsky, 1997). Thus, understanding visitors’ values in comparison to those of the host destination may alter how tourism businesses should relate to tourists, how a tourist may perceive their experience, as well as a tourist’s motivation to travel to a destination (Devesa, Laguna & Palacios, 2010). The combination of heritage and tourism, specifically the UNESCO world heritage site designation, has had a significant impact on tourist motivation as well through the prestige that the designation presents (Parks Canada, 2009). Current research lacks a focus on the individual in relation to the UNESCO world heritage site designation (Marcotte & Bourdeau, 2006). There is also a lack of research with a Canadian focus as well as comparisons amongst cultures (Kay, 2009). Although there has been some focus on Canada, the demographics have been skewed toward English speaking individuals; a lack of demographic information and data concerning native tongue has been collected (Gibson, McKelvie & DE MAN, 2008). The current study will take a Canadian focus by situating the research within Canada, specifically the UNESCO world heritage site of Quebec City, and compare the Anglophone and Francophone cultures. Anglophone and Francophone tourists are defined in this study as “people whose mother tongue is French (Francophone) or English (Anglophones)” (Gibson et al., 2008, p. 137). This study uses a questionnaire; which combines the questionnaires found in Lee, Lee and Wicks (2004) and Kozak (2001), in order to collect data on tourist travel motivations and satisfaction. The survey was conducted during October 2011, and involved the researcher travelling to different tourist sites, such as the Citadel and Le Musee de la Civilisation. The final data set consisted of 375 cases, and an effective response rate of 443. The objectives of this study were: 1.To examine the motivational differences between Canadian Anglophone and Francophone visitors. 2.To examine whether there are cultural differences in the travel needs of Francophone and Anglophone travelers.3.To examine whether tourism sites and businesses in Quebec City are meeting the needs and desires of tourists. To accomplish these objectives, the following research questions were asked: 1. Why do people visit heritage sites? Specifically, what motivates people to visit heritage sites? 2. Do Canadian Anglophone and Francophone cultures have different motivations for travelling? Sub-questions could include: in general, do different cultures have different motivations for travelling? For example, tourists may aim to connecting with their ancestral roots and culture. 3. Are Anglophone and Francophone tourists satisfied by their travel experience to Quebec City? In particular, are there differences in satisfaction levels between Anglophone and Francophone tourists? The computer program SPSS (version 19) was used to conduct statistical tests on, and interpret, the data that was collected. Independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVAs,Two-way ANOVAs and frequencies, modes and medians were performed in order to reach the research objectives and answer the research questions. This study provides insight into the travel motivations and satisfaction levels of Anglophone, Francophone, and bilingual visitors to Quebec City. The main implications of this study concern marketing, interpretation of sites, and service provision. The findings of this study present conflicting results surrounding the influence of family and culture on travel motivations of tourists. However, the findings of this study suggest that gender has a strong influence on tourist motivation, and marketing efforts should be targeting females as they were more significantly affected by the motivations examined in this study. There are also implications related to interpretation as there were significant differences found between Anglophone and Francophone participants on the motivation factor ‘cultural exploration experiences offered’. Finally there are implications surrounding service provision as the findings suggest that activities may be more geared towards the Anglophone travelers. This study will expand on these implications further.

In a tourism context, the image potential customers have of a destination is a very important issue. Images play an essential role in destination choice matters and in this regard, as tourism services are intangible, images are said to become even more important than reality. The concepts of destination image and destination marketing and branding are closely interrelated. The ultimate goal of any destination is to influence possible tourists’ travel-related decision making and choice through marketing activities. Although it is not possible to influence all aspects of image formation, tourism marketers try to strategically establish, reinforce and, if necessary, change the image of their destination by communicating a strong destination brand. Hence, image studies are considered to be a vital part of marketing and branding strategies. However, not everyone has the same image of a destination, as image perception changes according to different influences, such as personal, cultural and psychological ones. The purpose of this thesis was primarily to give an overview of destination image theory and its interrelationships to destination marketing and branding. In this respect, the study aimed at finding out in how far a DMO can achieve to develop a marketing strategy that is consistent and somewhat standardised, and yet adapted to the individual market and culture in which it is operated. Furthermore, the study wanted to investigate whether marketing approaches should be changed for people with different images of a country as a destination, or if alternatively a “one-size-fits-all” approach should be employed. In addition to a literature review, a case study made it possible to show how a real organisation handles those questions. The case of the Austrian National Tourist Office ANTO provides a good example of an internationally operating destination marketing organisation that uses market research, and among others also image studies, to adapt its marketing mix and branding approach to the individual markets’ characteristics and the image held of the destination Austria. By means of applying the qualitative method of personal in-depth interviews and thorough analysis, interesting data concerning the topic of destination image and marketing could be collected and compared to the findings from literature. Results indicate that destination image studies are the foundation of successful marketing strategies and that in times of ever-increasing competitiveness, image is one of the few points of differentiation from other tourist destinations. It is necessary to be aware of the fact that customers’ cultural differences have an influence on how different they perceive images. Therefore, DMOs should have a powerful overall strategy which globally leads into one pre-defined direction, but then locally adapt this common strategy to regionally differing cultural specifics. Even though destination brands should be strong and consistent, it is not advisable to communicate the exact same image to all customers.

This dissertation examines the effect of podcast tours on park visitor experiences. Podcast tours have emerged as a new medium in facilitating the interaction between tourists and destinations. Providing visitors with enhanced experiences through the use of interpretive technologies is especially important for national parks dealing with enhancing visitors' experiences which may influence visitors' perception of environmental stewardship and, in turn, positively affect preserving environmental resources. Furthermore, there has been a noticeable increase in consumer demand for podcast tours. Based on theoretical accounts that human voices convey rich social information, this dissertation proposes that podcast tours enhance perceived social presence and mindfulness which leads to enhanced tourist experiences (learning, enjoyment, and escape) and environmental stewardship (attitudinal and behavioral stewardship). A field experiment was conducted at Padre Island National Seashore using MP3 players containing podcast tours. The podcasts were manipulated using four experimental conditions: 2 information source compositions (single narrator voice vs. multiple narrator voices) x 2 narrating styles (formal style vs. conversational style). The questionnaire administered to subjects after they took the podcast tour included measures of social presence, mindfulness, tourist experience (learning, enjoyment, and escape), and stewardship (attitudinal and behavioral stewardship). The pre-questionnaire included question items regarding the nature of the visit, visitor characteristics, technology usage behavior, audio tour evaluation and socio-demographics. Responses from 221 visitors were analyzed using structural equation modeling with LISREL 8.7. The results provide evidence that multiple voices, and to some extent also narration style, positively increase social presence but neither experimental condition had any influence on mindfulness. The increased feeling of social presence influences park visitors' enjoyment and escape experiences but not learning. Mindfulness was found to affect visitors' learning, enjoyment, and escape experience. The results further show that enhanced experiences positively influence attitudinal stewardship which in turn leads to behavioral stewardship toward national parks. The results of this dissertation generally support the theoretical model suggesting that even if communicated through audio-only media, the human voice creates and sustains a positive social context for meaningful interaction which influences tourist experiences and stewardship. Mindfulness was also found to be an important construct impacting the quality of visitor experiences but could not be explained by the specific podcast tour designs tested. From a practical perspective, the findings provide important insights regarding the usefulness of podcast tours as interpretative media, and also suggest that specific designs are more capable of fostering feelings of social presence.

There are hundreds of millions of world citizens - tourists traveling in earth to do business or Sightseeing in today of E-generation. Tourist industry is now in widespread value by all the nations of the world as a no-smokestack industry, the service industry of fourth dimension, superstar enterprises of 21 century with technology enterprise and also could be a good way to earn money in international diplomacy. So, all nations of the world regard tourism as an important enterprise during depression situation in global. Tourism developing is a representation to show the entire development in a modern nation 20th-century Taiwan is an island of economic, trade and industry. 21st- century Taiwan will transfer to be a green silicon island of tourism and technology. But the development of tourist industry in past Taiwan could be described as ¡§birth defects and postnatal disorder.¡¨ No matter to develop international or domestic tourism in Taiwan was involved a lot of departments. Foreigners had many environmental limitations if they want to sightseeing in Taiwan, such as getting visa and air line are still have many problems existed. Besides, appreciation of the NT dollar also made prices of commodities in Taiwan higher than other countries and consequently, international price competitiveness was insufficient comparatively. Moreover, the level of Taiwan related construction in how to service tourists and internationalization of software design are also still insufficient. Therefore, when considering about the main shaft of future development in tourism should be set from the perspective of internationalization, diversification of tourist productions and head towards high quality. Then, it will reach the effect to pursue sightseeing attraction activities both at home and abroad. It will also bring the effect of both tangible and intangible into full play to let countrymen happy to have internal traveling and attract foreigners to Taiwan sightseeing. Kaohsiung has the potential and character to be an international transshipment center of Taiwan and even to be an international city of entertainment and tourism of whole Taiwan. However, if Taiwan wants to like a butterfly emerging from its chrysalis to out from international market with cutthroat competition and attract international tourists come to Taiwan, it is necessary that to improve the strategy and difference of tourist internationalization thoroughly. This article will discuss and find out the direction about the theory and bibliography of tourism internationalization. This research could undertake from 3 ways, discusses from the theory of tourism marketing, development analysis of Kaohsiung city tourist industry and research into evidential area to test and verify. It also hope to understand the issue and policy of Kaohsiung city tourist marketing from concept of tourist marketing, special regional industries of Kaohsiung city, character of nature landscape, Festival activities, artistic cultural atmosphere and city whole image¡K and also from the order and analysis those in-depth interview with representatives of the industrial, governmental, and academic sectors. Then, the next step is drafting the marketing strategy of Kaohsiung city tourism internationalization. The final step is specifying how to carry out, control strategy and action plan of Kaohsiung city tourism marketing internationalization.

Kaohsiung City locates in the Southern Taiwan, being the second largest municipality directly under the jurisdiction of the Central Government. Among all the cities in Taiwan, Kaohsiung City not has the highest population density, but also prospers in heavy industry. Following with the population aggregation, urbanization trends, and industry development, Kaohsiung City has become the most important urban metropolis and is now the centre of economy, administration, education, and entertainment in the Southern Taiwan. Kaohsiung City is representative for the characteristics and spirits of Taiwan, comprising mountains and oceans. Kaohsiung harbor is the 6th largest harbor in the world, the center of Taiwan's shipbuilding industry, a key position of pelagic fishing business, as well as home to a large R.O.C. Navy base. Kaohsuing is therefore considered as the Marin Capital. Nowadays, Kaohsiung City further develops its tourism markets and endeavors to make Love River, most representative symbol of Kaohsiung, become one of the well-known tourist attractions in Taiwan. ¡§Promoting business and encouraging economy¡¨ is the slogan for developing Kaohsiung City. In Kaohsiung Lantern Festival 2006, there were 6,000,000 tourists coming to Kaohsiung and thus raised 15% of the lodging rate for Tourism Hotels in Kaohsiung. In order to mold Kaohsiung City into a International Tourist City, it is plan to continuously developing the Love River Transportation System, and working on landscaping projects around the Lover River and Kaohsiung Harbor. Kaohsiung City is expected to be a Tourism Spots of the Southern Taiwan, and an International Urban Metropolis. This study investigates the tourism business of Love River. By conducting in-depth interviews with experts in business and history of Kaohsiung, we explores whether if the media marketing strategies in tourism is contributive to the tourism industry of Kaohsiung Love River.

Summary: This research is based on service quality extension model , provided by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry( 1985, 1988, 1991), to investigate the expectation and cognition on the practice of tourist policing service quality in Penghu county among the tourists, with different backgrounds, police supervisors and police officers here. In addition, to analyze their different views of expectation and cognition upon the launched local policing -service measure , and to investigate the tourists¡¦ satisfaction for these services as well as the differences of measure promotion, then put forward the conclusion and suggestion with the aim to make tourist policing service quality much better. The study , which is conducted with reference analysis and questionnaire survey, aimed the adult tourists visiting Penghu county, and the management level and tourist police within Penghu County Police Bureau(PHPB)to proceed this survey. Conclusions are as follows: 1. Upon the 5 service gaps, the gap 3 and 5 both has significantly difference, but no significantly difference exists upon gap 1, 2 and 4. 2. Under different backgrounds , there¡¦s no apparent differences between police administrators, along with varied ages and service seniority. But in view of the schooling record , the graduate university students from Central Police University take the tourist police service quality most seriously. In view of varied positions, differences exist upon reliability and safely , but not apparent, 3. Under the condition of various backgrounds, there¡¦s no apparent differences between tourist police officers along with different ages and service seniority. But in view of schooling record , the graduates from 9-month police training college take the tourist police service quality more seriously than those who are from 2-year training college. 4. Female tourists take the service quality more seriously under the condition of different backgrounds. Visitors, under the ¡§age¡¨ condition, aged from 20 to 29 are the less satisfied with the services. Besides, the university graduates and those who are engaged in ¡§others¡¨, on of the occupation items, are the less satisfied with the service separately under ¡§school record¡¨ and ¡§occupation¡¨ conditions. 5. According to the survey, the tourists¡¦ satisfaction level are as follows:Good and better: 52.8%,Ordinary : 26.2 % ,Bad and worse: 21%. 6. Based on statistics, more than half tourists, about 52.2%, can feel the declared services provided to them as they received the information previously through the newspaper and internet launched by PHPB. 7. The top 3 services , of the tourists¡¦ opinions, that should be strengthened are tourist police service settled in scenic spots, English communication ability and traffic order in touring area. Based on conclusions mentioned above, this study provides suggestion as follows: 1. Improve the service quality gap : The police administer should make efforts to bring forth new ideas to multiple police service and values, companied with cordial measures and attitudes, with the aim of protecting tourists¡¦ safety. Moreover, pay attention to tourists¡¦ suggestion, which by force of a track to communicate to outer environment more efficiently. Third, the communication should be reinforced inside the organization to make a efficient work team. 2. Strenghted the functions of policing service: Revise the organization, check the serving items, impose professional training, implement the management by walking around, emphasize civil trend and opinions, improve staffs¡¦ quality, strengthen system logic thought, combine information system with communication function

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The objective of my research is to revive and practice the art of traditional pictorial maps in 3D cartographic visualization. I have chosen to create both graphical and statistical pictorial maps which can be used for the purpose of tourism and data representation respectively. Some traditional hand-drawn and sculptural pictorial maps of famous artists have been picked out to start as a base for my work. The goal was to recreate or imitate the style, character and features of these traditional hand-drawn and sculptural maps with 3D computer graphics and to analyze how effectively 3D tools can be used to communicate map information. I also wanted to explore ways to make these maps interactive on the Web and have them accessible to a large number of viewers. The results show a number of interactive 3D pictorial maps of different countries and continents. These maps are initially built with Maya, a 3D modeling software, and converted into web pages using the Viewpoint Technology. For statistical maps, Mel scripts have been used in Maya to take input from the user and change the shape of models accordingly to represent data. These maps are interactive and navigable and are designed to be easily accessible on the Web.

With the cross-strait interactions become more and more prevalent, Chinese visitors¡¦ traveling to Taiwan has become a important subject. Governments, industries and scholars in Taiwan are all estimating how much this will contribute to the Taiwan economy development. To explore the immense potential tourism market, this research adopts quantitative technical analysis, include the following issues into discussion: (1) the generation of destination images from the perspectives of potential Mainland China travelers to Taiwan; (2) the factors that effect tourists¡¦ impression owing to the history issues and cross-strait relations; (3) the influence of China¡¦s political and social conditions on Taiwan¡¦s tourism image and their cause-effect relations; (4) the destination image effect of Taiwan¡¦s present direct/indirect limitation policy on China tourists.Based on the destination image model by Baloglu & McCleary (1990), the research adopts a student questionnaire survey targeting at potential visitors from Mainland China who have never been to Taiwan. A total number of 671 valid samples are geographically divided into two groups: internal region of China and coastal areas. The two variables are then analyzed with SEM to construct the destination image path model. The result shows that cause-effect relations exist on the mediators of ¡§perception/cognition of destination¡¨, ¡§affective evaluation¡¨ and ¡§overall destination image¡¨. Independent variables of ¡§the significance of information types¡¨ and ¡§tourist motivation¡¨ support the result of the past studies. However, ¡§the amount of information¡¨ on Taiwan¡¦s tourism image presents different result from the past studies, which also modifies the hypothesis of information amount variable in the model developed by Baloglu & McCleary (1990).The result reveals that independent variable of ¡§destination limitation/control¡¨ has obvious cause-effect relation with mediator of ¡§perception/cognition of destination¡¨, which indirectly affects the formation of destination image. The comparison of three construction models formed by the destination image all indicates that the insufficiency of tourist information may lead to the unsupportable obvious cause-effect relation on image development. The independent variable of ¡§internal region of China¡¨ presents better cause-effect relation with ¡§affective evaluation¡¨ mediator while ¡§coastal areas¡¨ shows better relation with ¡§perception/cognition of destination¡¨.