This thesis provides an examination of the managerial policies adopted by the Egyptian tourism sector in planning and implementing the repositioning of the image of Egypt from the mid 1960s onwards. It aimed at augmenting its traditional cultural identity with an additional hedonistic dimension, derived from the development of beach resort tourism on the Red Sea coast. In addition to exploring the specific elements of the Egyptian repositioning, including an evaluation of its success, the study seeks to identify from the analysis, the key issues and managerial requirements involved in the repositioning of destinations in general, and proposes a preliminary model of the content and sequencing of the repositioning process. The study employed a qualitative methodology involving ethnographic fieldwork with key informants, chosen as representatives of the main categories of stakeholders who participated in Egyptian tourism planning of the repositioning programme. It took its direction and procedures from an adaptation of Grounded theory, in which three main sources of data were collected and appraised: ethnographic interview responses, direct observation, and documentation generated both internally and externally. The results revealed by this study suggest that, though total tourist flows generally increased after the repositioning, and the proportion of tourists visiting the Red Sea beach resorts, rather than the cultural locations, also increased, the lack of proper evaluation mechanisms of the programme made it difficult to attribute causally these changes to public sector managerial decisions, rather than to other variables in the broader external environment (world tourism growth trends, power of the international operators, price competitiveness, etc.). Moreover, in analysing the mechanics of the programme, a number of key areas of deficiency in strategic planning and marketing practice were identified. These deficiencies included: weak or non-existent marketing research; poor market targeting and product portfolio analysis; inadequate planning and evaluation procedures; weak communication, and integration of effort between stakeholders; and limited awareness of cutting edge promotional practices. The normative model of repositioning offered at the end of the Results section of this study seeks to address some of the problems and deficiencies disclosed in the Egyptian case study, by suggesting some of the desiderata of best practice when destinations need to augment, modify, or change their image.

The synergy of smartphone, mobile applications (apps) and Augmented Reality (AR) technology has the potential to mediate tourism experiences to great extents. The advent of AR apps on smartphones provides a dynamic solution for tourists by helping convey destinations’ meanings and creates positive experiences via interactive tourist information and services almost anywhere, anytime. As a result, tourists are increasingly using AR travel apps at destinations to create more memorable travel experiences. Despite vast literature on tourists’ experiences, there is limited research focusing on understanding the use of smartphones and AR apps for tourism. A critical review of the literature indicates that there is a need to develop a richer theoretical framework that describes the use of smartphones and AR apps for travel. In addition, there is a need to understand tourists’ experiences with smartphone-mediated technology. In particular, literature on understanding of the use of smartphones and apps for travel is largely established from a quantitative perspective, and it is argued that this perspective cannot provide an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms that affect the use of smartphones and travel apps, which in turn shapes the travel experience. The present qualitative study was designed to understand the current use and possible benefits of smartphone-mediated tourism experiences with AR apps. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of AR apps on tourists’ experiences. The study sought to understand how tourists used AR apps, which specific interactions with the mobile devices were afforded, what emotions were evoked through interaction with the AR technology, and how the technology mediated tourist’s experiences. Based on this notion, the study attempted to generate an inductive middle-range theory on smartphone-mediated tourism experiences using grounded theory method. An iPhone AR app was developed for the Texas A&M University campus to better understand how tourists used the AR app and how this use influenced their travel experiences. Forty-four participants inclusive of students, prospective students and visitors of Texas A&M University were recruited for the study. To aid theory building and enhance the solidity of the smartphone-mediated travel experience theory, the study included a control group, which involve individual, group and guided tours that only use a brochure/campus booklet or listen to a human tour guide. The AR app was tested on 10 individuals and 10 groups. For the control group, 6 individuals and 6 groups used brochure/campus booklet while touring the sites and 6 individuals and 6 groups listen to the tour-guide. This comparison provided detailed understanding of what happens in the absence of technology in travel experience, and a focus on apprehending what AR technology adds. Data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews with the participants and then transcribed and imported into ATLAS.TI 7.0 software for analysis. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze the data. The interview data were coded and presented in five major sections representing the research questions. The results of the study provided theoretical contributions in understanding the smartphone-mediated tourism experiences and offered practical implications for app design and interpretative services for tourist sites.

Culture has been demonstrated in the literature to have an effect on tourism behavior, including the way that tourists perceive their travel experience; different cultures often hold different values (LeBlanc, 2004 & Sussman and Rashcovsky, 1997). Thus, understanding visitors’ values in comparison to those of the host destination may alter how tourism businesses should relate to tourists, how a tourist may perceive their experience, as well as a tourist’s motivation to travel to a destination (Devesa, Laguna & Palacios, 2010). The combination of heritage and tourism, specifically the UNESCO world heritage site designation, has had a significant impact on tourist motivation as well through the prestige that the designation presents (Parks Canada, 2009). Current research lacks a focus on the individual in relation to the UNESCO world heritage site designation (Marcotte & Bourdeau, 2006). There is also a lack of research with a Canadian focus as well as comparisons amongst cultures (Kay, 2009). Although there has been some focus on Canada, the demographics have been skewed toward English speaking individuals; a lack of demographic information and data concerning native tongue has been collected (Gibson, McKelvie & DE MAN, 2008). The current study will take a Canadian focus by situating the research within Canada, specifically the UNESCO world heritage site of Quebec City, and compare the Anglophone and Francophone cultures. Anglophone and Francophone tourists are defined in this study as “people whose mother tongue is French (Francophone) or English (Anglophones)” (Gibson et al., 2008, p. 137). This study uses a questionnaire; which combines the questionnaires found in Lee, Lee and Wicks (2004) and Kozak (2001), in order to collect data on tourist travel motivations and satisfaction. The survey was conducted during October 2011, and involved the researcher travelling to different tourist sites, such as the Citadel and Le Musee de la Civilisation. The final data set consisted of 375 cases, and an effective response rate of 443. The objectives of this study were: 1.To examine the motivational differences between Canadian Anglophone and Francophone visitors. 2.To examine whether there are cultural differences in the travel needs of Francophone and Anglophone travelers.3.To examine whether tourism sites and businesses in Quebec City are meeting the needs and desires of tourists. To accomplish these objectives, the following research questions were asked: 1. Why do people visit heritage sites? Specifically, what motivates people to visit heritage sites? 2. Do Canadian Anglophone and Francophone cultures have different motivations for travelling? Sub-questions could include: in general, do different cultures have different motivations for travelling? For example, tourists may aim to connecting with their ancestral roots and culture. 3. Are Anglophone and Francophone tourists satisfied by their travel experience to Quebec City? In particular, are there differences in satisfaction levels between Anglophone and Francophone tourists? The computer program SPSS (version 19) was used to conduct statistical tests on, and interpret, the data that was collected. Independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVAs,Two-way ANOVAs and frequencies, modes and medians were performed in order to reach the research objectives and answer the research questions. This study provides insight into the travel motivations and satisfaction levels of Anglophone, Francophone, and bilingual visitors to Quebec City. The main implications of this study concern marketing, interpretation of sites, and service provision. The findings of this study present conflicting results surrounding the influence of family and culture on travel motivations of tourists. However, the findings of this study suggest that gender has a strong influence on tourist motivation, and marketing efforts should be targeting females as they were more significantly affected by the motivations examined in this study. There are also implications related to interpretation as there were significant differences found between Anglophone and Francophone participants on the motivation factor ‘cultural exploration experiences offered’. Finally there are implications surrounding service provision as the findings suggest that activities may be more geared towards the Anglophone travelers. This study will expand on these implications further.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy) Bibliography: leaves 287-302.

Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State College. / Bibliography: l. 151-154.

Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State College. / Bibliography: l. 151-154.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-11-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barrocas_r_dr_rcla.pdf: 1794472 bytes, checksum: 0a71e78afe5b08caaa3722dd7ca88a07 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho chama a atenção para a relação estabelecida entre o morador e as atividades turísticas no município de Brotas, SP. Há aproximadamente dez anos, a cidade de Brotas passou a receber um elevado contingente de visitantes a procura de esportes de aventura. A partir de então, a cidade modificou sua infra-estrutura de serviços urbanos e implantou os serviços turísticos para receber estes visitantes. Procurou-se investigar a (trans)formação da cidade pacata, simples para cidade turística. Para isto, foi realizado um trabalho de campo no qual foram inquiridos moradores com o objetivo de conhecer suas atitudes perante o turismo e, a partir daí, classificar a atividade dentro dos quatro estágios de DOXEY (1971): euforia, apatia, irritação e antagonismo. / This dissertation focuses on the relationship between the local community and the tourism activities in the town of Brotas, SP. About ten years ago, the town of Brotas began to receive a large number of visitors seeking adventure sports. Since then the city has changed its infrastructure of urban services and established tourist services to receive these visitors. This paper aims to investigate the transformation of a quiet, simple city into a tourist city. For this, a field work in which the residents answered questionnaires was conducted, in order to know their attitudes regarding tourism and, afterwards, to classify their answers according to DOXEY's (1975) four stages: euphoria, apathy, annoyance and antagonism.

A presente dissertação organiza-se de forma a apresentar a Festa Nacional do Champanha – FENACHAMP, realizada em Garibaldi/RS, desde 1981, para celebrar o pioneirismo do município na produção de espumante, no Brasil. A investigação em torno da festa teve como questão de pesquisa: a partir do estudo da Teoria das Representações Sociais, tendo como objeto a FENACHAMP de Garibaldi/RS, e da proposta de aplicação da expressão festa temática, é possível considerar: Como se apresenta a festa em questão, em suas diferentes edições? Como ela é representada nos discursos midiáticos e simbólicos ao longo dos anos, em suas diferentes edições? Há discursos comuns à festa, independente de edição? Esse discurso corrobora a construção do conceito festa temática?; e como objetivos, levantar e analisar o conhecimento existente no que tange à temática de festas e eventos; contextualizar a festa no Turismo, através da construção do conceito de festa temática; e identificar as representações sociais emergentes do objeto estudado, partindo da premissa de que ele representa uma festa dentro do proposto pelo conceito, ou seja, assume as características do que se propõe como festa temática. A metodologia organiza-se considerando as técnicas da história oral, em especial a entrevista e a pesquisa documental; e a teoria das representações sociais, para organização e análise dos resultados. A partir do estudo, propõe-se a aplicação da expressão festa temática para designar as festas que se associam ao entretenimento e se colocam como um acontecimento para a comunidade, tendo o seu imaginário organizado a partir de produto de produção local ou de expressão cultural tradicional do local que as realiza. Observam-se na FENACHAMP quatro representações, quais sejam: Festa, Turismo, Tematização e Rainha. A representação festa tem como construção simbólica os itens excesso, resultado e problemas. A representação Turismo constrói-se a partir dos itens projeção, comunidade e italianidade. A tematização tem a marcá-la o champanha e a italianidade. Por último, a representação Rainha é construída simbolicamente a partir dos itens imagem, representação, sonho e experiência. Nestes termos, a FENACHAMP contribui e corrobora a aplicação da expressão festa temática. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-02-11T11:42:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mariana Schwaab Machiavelli.pdf: 2112805 bytes, checksum: dfcad24390ebcd8390d6f56d07474009 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-11T11:42:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mariana Schwaab Machiavelli.pdf: 2112805 bytes, checksum: dfcad24390ebcd8390d6f56d07474009 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation is organized to show the Festa Nacional da Champanha (National Feast of Champagne) - FENACHAMP held in Garibaldi/RS, since 1981, to celebrate the pioneering spirit of the municipality in the production of sparkling wine in Brazil. The investigation through the party had as (its) research question: from the study of the Social Representations Theory, having as its object the FENACHAMP of Garibaldi/RS, and the proposed application of the term thematical feast, it is possible to consider: How the feast in question presents itself, in its different editions? How it is represented in the media and symbolic discourse over the years, in its different editions? Are there common speeches about the feast, regardless its edition? This discourse supports the construction of the concept thematical feast?; and as its purposes: research and analyze the existing knowledge regarding the theme of festivals and events; contextualize the feast in tourism through the construction of the concept of thematical feast; and identify the social representations emerging from the object studied, assuming that it represents a feast within the proposed concept, that is, it takes on the characteristics of what is proposed as a thematical feast. The methodology is organized considering the techniques of oral history, especially the interviews and documentary research, and the theory of social representations, to organize and analyze the results. From this study, it is proposed to apply the term thematical feast to designate the feasts that seek entertainment and stand as an event for the community, having its imagery organized from the product or the traditional culture expressions of the site where it happens. It was observed in FENACHAMP four representations, which are: Feast, Tourism, Thematization and Queen. The representation feast has the symbolic construction of the excess, the results and problems. Tourism representation is constructed from the projection, the community and the Italian identity. The Thematization is marked by the champagne and Italian identity. Finally, the representation of the Queen is symbolically constructed from the image, the representation, the dream and the experience. Accordingly, the FENACHAMP contributes and supports the application of the term thematical feast.

O turismo de aventura, visto como forma de turismo alternativo, deve seguir os princípios da sustentabilidade. A cidade de Três Coroas utiliza-se de seus recursos naturais na promoção do turismo de aventura. Entre as modalidades de turismo de aventura existentes no município, o rafting é predominante, e identificar como esta atividade se desenvolve é relevante para o desenvolvimento do turismo local. O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a sustentabilidade das atividades do turismo de aventura em Três Coroas, a exemplo do rafting, utilizando critérios do Adventure Tourism Development Index (ATDI). Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, observação participante e pesquisas bibliográficas. As entrevistas foram realizadas com cinco empresários das operadoras de turismo de aventura e com o diretor de turismo do município. Os dados coletados foram utilizados para a avaliação e classificação do turismo de aventura do município. A análise destes dados foi feita por meio dos critérios do ATDI. Foram avaliadas como positivas a relação entre o poder público e os empresários, que colocam o turismo como fator estratégico para o desenvolvimento do município, as boas condições da qualidade dos serviços e da infraestrutura. As deficiências foram encontradas na falta de controle sobre a capacidade de carga suportada pelo ambiente, problemas com a poluição do rio Paranhana, utilizado nas atividades de turismo, e carência de serviços básicos que são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento sustentável do turismo, como saneamento básico e saúde. A diversificação das atividades por meio de investimento em novos segmentos de turismo alternativo podem significar melhor aproveitamento do fluxo turístico do município. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-01-26T16:18:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Felipe Decol.pdf: 12300371 bytes, checksum: 230e62452d2d9b173874cb664b01daae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T16:18:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Felipe Decol.pdf: 12300371 bytes, checksum: 230e62452d2d9b173874cb664b01daae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES / Adventure tourism, as a form of alternative tourism, should follow the principles of sustainability. The city of Três Coroas uses natural resources to promote adventure tourism. Among the existing adventure tourism activities in the city, the rafting is the more relevant activity to the development of local tourism. The research's objective was assess the sustainability of adventure tourism activities in the city of Três Coroas, using the pillars of Adventure Tourism Development Index (ATDI). The survey data were collected by interviews, participant observation and literature research. The interviews were conducted with five businessmen of adventure tourism and the municipal tourism director. The collected data were used for the assessment and classification of Três Coroas' adventure tourism, by the criteria of the Adventure Tourism Development Index. The relationship between public authorities and entrepreneurs, who put tourism as a strategic factor for the city's development, the quality of services, and the infrastructure were assessed as positive. The lack of control, over the carrying capacity supported by the environment, insufficient basic services, that are essential to the sustainable development of tourism, such as basic sanitation and health, and the Paranhana's river pollution problems were classified as negative. The tourism diversification by investing in new alternative tourism segments can mean better utilization of the tourist flow in the city.

Thesis (MTech (Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005 / This study illustrates the practical value of incorporating the assessment of data obtained from surveys conducted on tourists' views of current service offerings at eating establishments. The findings from such surveys can assist tourism and the hospitality industry managers to identify priorities for product and service improvements. In essence, the research report examines how tourists (both domestic and foreign) make the choice of an eating establishment. It also examines how greater understanding of user-satisfaction (tourists) with the hospitality products or services may improve planning for the development of these service offerings. In order to conceptualise the research problem, a review of literature is provided of selected aspects of visitors perceptions in the Cape Metropolitan region. Moreover, these aspects (facilities for children, persons with disability, special attention for pensioners, African dishes on offer) are also considered based on the argument that the views of visitors on current service offerings should be given far more prominence than generally occurs at present. The survey of two hundred tourists was conducted during the peak holiday season of December 2004 to January 2005 in the Cape Metropolitan region of South Africa. The survey examined views and perceptions of visitors about a range of services at eating establishments. Survey results reported selected aspects of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the services of eating establishment in the Cape Town city centre, Waterfront and Camps Bay. The researcher concludes that current service offerings at eating establishments in the Cape Metropolitan region do little to accommodate visitors whose primary reasons for visiting are to experience the South African food and wine, especially cultural-specific foods, as well as accommodating the needs of disabled visitors, children and old age pensioners. The implications of the findings will assist relevant authorities to help enhance service offerings.