Thesis (MTech (Teacher Education ))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1997 / This study is aimed at instructional design for training tourist guides in order to specifically enable them to accommodate the requirements and expectations of "new" South African tourists wishing to join a package tour. The latter refers to those citizens who have previously been excluded from tourism destinations and/or attractions because ofracial regulations ofthe past.. The traditional role ofthe tourist guide and the present-day modus within which it has realised, have been examined reaching the conclusion that the designation "tourist guide" means far more, now focusing on being an educator and culture broker. This new role requires a new and innovative training. Although training courses for tourist guides do exist, these courses do not equip guides to act as culture brokers, mediating between tourists and hosts or host destinations, nor between foreign tourists and all facets ofthe diverse South African culture. Tourist guides occupy key positions in the tourism industry. They make the work of tourism planners, marketers, developers, travel agents and tour operators accessible to tourists. This implies unfolding reality to tourists, setting professional standards and interacting with local communities. This comprehensive role is often not attained as desired because those accepting the responsibility for it are not sufficiently trained, indeed not when the needs and expectations of "new" domestic tourists are considered. The abovementioned curriculum design was launched with a needs assessment to determine the needs of"new" domestic tourists, as only the needs and expectations ofwhite, traditional, indeed.

Orientador: Lívia de Oliveira / Banca: Mirna Lygia Vieira / Banca: Herbe Xavier / Banca: Lucia Helena Batista Gratão / Banca: José Bueno Conti / Resumo: Este trabalho chama a atenção para a relação estabelecida entre o morador e as atividades turísticas no município de Brotas, SP. Há aproximadamente dez anos, a cidade de Brotas passou a receber um elevado contingente de visitantes a procura de esportes de aventura. A partir de então, a cidade modificou sua infra-estrutura de serviços urbanos e implantou os serviços turísticos para receber estes visitantes. Procurou-se investigar a (trans)formação da cidade pacata, simples para cidade turística. Para isto, foi realizado um trabalho de campo no qual foram inquiridos moradores com o objetivo de conhecer suas atitudes perante o turismo e, a partir daí, classificar a atividade dentro dos quatro estágios de DOXEY (1971): euforia, apatia, irritação e antagonismo. / Abstract: This dissertation focuses on the relationship between the local community and the tourism activities in the town of Brotas, SP. About ten years ago, the town of Brotas began to receive a large number of visitors seeking adventure sports. Since then the city has changed its infrastructure of urban services and established tourist services to receive these visitors. This paper aims to investigate the transformation of a quiet, simple city into a tourist city. For this, a field work in which the residents answered questionnaires was conducted, in order to know their attitudes regarding tourism and, afterwards, to classify their answers according to DOXEY's (1975) four stages: euphoria, apathy, annoyance and antagonism. / Doutor

A presente dissertação organiza-se de forma a apresentar a Festa Nacional do Champanha – FENACHAMP, realizada em Garibaldi/RS, desde 1981, para celebrar o pioneirismo do município na produção de espumante, no Brasil. A investigação em torno da festa teve como questão de pesquisa: a partir do estudo da Teoria das Representações Sociais, tendo como objeto a FENACHAMP de Garibaldi/RS, e da proposta de aplicação da expressão festa temática, é possível considerar: Como se apresenta a festa em questão, em suas diferentes edições? Como ela é representada nos discursos midiáticos e simbólicos ao longo dos anos, em suas diferentes edições? Há discursos comuns à festa, independente de edição? Esse discurso corrobora a construção do conceito festa temática?; e como objetivos, levantar e analisar o conhecimento existente no que tange à temática de festas e eventos; contextualizar a festa no Turismo, através da construção do conceito de festa temática; e identificar as representações sociais emergentes do objeto estudado, partindo da premissa de que ele representa uma festa dentro do proposto pelo conceito, ou seja, assume as características do que se propõe como festa temática. A metodologia organiza-se considerando as técnicas da história oral, em especial a entrevista e a pesquisa documental; e a teoria das representações sociais, para organização e análise dos resultados. A partir do estudo, propõe-se a aplicação da expressão festa temática para designar as festas que se associam ao entretenimento e se colocam como um acontecimento para a comunidade, tendo o seu imaginário organizado a partir de produto de produção local ou de expressão cultural tradicional do local que as realiza. Observam-se na FENACHAMP quatro representações, quais sejam: Festa, Turismo, Tematização e Rainha. A representação festa tem como construção simbólica os itens excesso, resultado e problemas. A representação Turismo constrói-se a partir dos itens projeção, comunidade e italianidade. A tematização tem a marcá-la o champanha e a italianidade. Por último, a representação Rainha é construída simbolicamente a partir dos itens imagem, representação, sonho e experiência. Nestes termos, a FENACHAMP contribui e corrobora a aplicação da expressão festa temática. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation is organized to show the Festa Nacional da Champanha (National Feast of Champagne) - FENACHAMP held in Garibaldi/RS, since 1981, to celebrate the pioneering spirit of the municipality in the production of sparkling wine in Brazil. The investigation through the party had as (its) research question: from the study of the Social Representations Theory, having as its object the FENACHAMP of Garibaldi/RS, and the proposed application of the term thematical feast, it is possible to consider: How the feast in question presents itself, in its different editions? How it is represented in the media and symbolic discourse over the years, in its different editions? Are there common speeches about the feast, regardless its edition? This discourse supports the construction of the concept thematical feast?; and as its purposes: research and analyze the existing knowledge regarding the theme of festivals and events; contextualize the feast in tourism through the construction of the concept of thematical feast; and identify the social representations emerging from the object studied, assuming that it represents a feast within the proposed concept, that is, it takes on the characteristics of what is proposed as a thematical feast. The methodology is organized considering the techniques of oral history, especially the interviews and documentary research, and the theory of social representations, to organize and analyze the results. From this study, it is proposed to apply the term thematical feast to designate the feasts that seek entertainment and stand as an event for the community, having its imagery organized from the product or the traditional culture expressions of the site where it happens. It was observed in FENACHAMP four representations, which are: Feast, Tourism, Thematization and Queen. The representation feast has the symbolic construction of the excess, the results and problems. Tourism representation is constructed from the projection, the community and the Italian identity. The Thematization is marked by the champagne and Italian identity. Finally, the representation of the Queen is symbolically constructed from the image, the representation, the dream and the experience. Accordingly, the FENACHAMP contributes and supports the application of the term thematical feast.

Este estudo visou investigar os atributos da qualidade do atendimento das agências de turismo circunscritas à cidade de São Paulo e os fatores que podem determinar a migração de seus clientes para a Internet no seu comportamento de solicitação de um serviço turístico. À luz dos modelos SERVQUAL de Parasuraman et al (1988), SERVPERF de Cronin e Taylor (1992 e 1944), TAM2 de Venkatesh e Davis (2000) e Taxa de Adoção de Inovação de Rogers (2003), foi elaborado um modelo adaptado ao contexto de serviços turísticos, que foi validado por meio de técnicas estatísticas. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza quantitativa cujos dados foram utilizados na análise dos constructos propostos no modelo adaptado ao setor turístico. Um dos principais resultados deste estudo apontou que os usuários dos serviços das agências de turismo avaliam a qualidade como uma única dimensão ou indicador geral. Quanto à fidelidade ao canal offline, atenção especial deve ser dada à gentileza dos funcionários e ao entendimento das necessidades dos clientes como estratégia para sua retenção. Em relação a uma possível migração ao canal online, o aspecto mais relevante detectado foi a utilidade percebida da Internet. Espera-se que os resultados deste trabalho forneçam subsídios para maior compreensão dos atributos de qualidade e de seus impactos na decisão do cliente em continuar ou não com o canal tradicional (offline) para solicitação de serviços turísticos. / This study aimed to investigate the attributes of service quality of the travel agencies that are located in São Paulo city and the factors that may cause the migration of their customers to the Internet in their behavior of requesting a tourist service. Based on the models SERVQUAL by Parasuraman et al (1988), SERVPERF by Cronin and Taylor (1992 and 1944), TAM2 by Venkatesh and Davis (2000) and Index of Innovation Adoption by Rogers (2003) a model has been drawn up with adjustment to context of tourism services, which was validated through multivariate statistical techniques. A quantitative research was conducted and the data collected were used in the analysis of the model of this study. One of the main results of this study showed that users of the service of travel agencies consider the quality as a single dimension or overall indicator. Considering the loyalty to the offline channel, special attention should be given to the courtesy of staff and to understanding of the needs of customers as a strategy for retention. In relation to a possible migration to the online channel, the most relevant aspect found was the perceived usefulness of Internet. The results of this study should provide insights for a deeper understanding of the attributes of quality and its impacts on the customer\'s decision about continuing or not with the traditional channel (offline) when requesting a tourist service.

I argue that the bubonic tourist is a resistive and reflexive everyday character. I hypothesize that the bubonic tourist can generate spatial and temporal transgressions that sanction increased social agency and thereby transform our sense of subjectivity. By appropriating, cannibalizing, and carnivalizing social codes and modes of operation, I considered how communities are created through performance. I argue that by departing and arriving from the centre to the margins of a peer, social, and cultural genus—what Pierre Bourdieu calls habitus—marginalized individuals can both destabilize and inform demarcated and delimited categories. By performing and feeding back to social codes and norms experiences of the margins, the bubonic tourist creates fissures that engender self-reflexivity and meaning. I argue that, the bubonic tourist as a critical and creative practitioner can emancipate and empower the self and others. I considered how the bubonic tourist as an ethical individual is a member of a community that is created through performance. Finally, I considered how creative interventions might engender someone to transmogrify into the bubonic tourist and how as a methodology the bubonic tourist could have practical application. This study, seeks to outline the grounds in which instability can generate agency and a sense of self. / Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan) / Graduate

Food tourism is an activity that can be promoted by destination marketers. The aims of this research are to provide a holistic examination of domestic tourists’ food experience in China, and to evaluate the potential of food tourism in promoting Chinese regions from the demand side. It has four specific research objectives, including (1) examining the food experience of domestic tourists at three different travel stages in China, (2) assessing the relationships between the food experience of tourists and their demographic profiles, (3) developing a structural model addressing the potential relationships between tourists’ food experience and loyalty intentions toward Chinese destinations, and (4) providing recommendations for marketers to achieve successful destination promotion through food tourism. In order to achieve the research aims and objectives, with the development of a structural theoretical model, a quantitative research design was employed in the study. Data was specifically collected from a sample of 1702 domestic tourists at ten representative destinations in Mainland China. The findings of this study revealed that: firstly, food is, overall, of great significance to Chinese domestic tourists; however, it plays a varying role in domestic tourists’ experiences at different travel stages in China. Secondly, demographic factors such as gender and age have influences on the food experience of Chinese domestic tourists, while educational level has been revealed to be of little influence. Thirdly, tourists’ food satisfaction and food-related behavioural intentions were in direct and positive correlation to tourists’ destination loyalty intentions. The findings highlighted the contribution of local food at a destination level in the context of China, and signified the great potential for destinations to utilise food tourism to attract and retain tourists. Moreover, given the interrelationships shown between the underlying factors of tourists’ food experience and tourists’ destination loyalty intentions, it is noted that tourists’ food experience is a complex multi-phase model among which different phases interrelate with each other exerting an influence on tourists’ loyalty intentions to specific destinations in China. Lastly, based on these findings, both theoretical and practical implications were derived. In particular, practical recommendations have been provided to marketers on how to effectively utilise food tourism to achieve successful destination promotion in China.

The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa is an animal-based tourist attraction that needs to offer a competitive product in order to remain relevant and to meet its various mandates. Functioning within the experience economy it strives to stage experiences that satisfy the motivations and expectations of its visitors. The study aimed at determining who visits the zoo, what motivates them to visit the zoo as well as what their expectations are and whether the zoo meets their needs in this regard. It also aimed at determining whether or not different demographic groups had different needs and whether their specific needs were being met. The study employed two self-administered questionnaires, using convenience sampling, whereby visitors entering and leaving the zoo where requested to complete the questionnaires. The data was analysed using SAS 9.2 programme and a further G-Test for goodness of fit was performed to determined dependency between race demographic and response. A total of 572 entry questionnaires and 293 exit questionnaires were completed. The two largest demographic groups that visit the zoo are white and black visitors who responded as a relatively homogeneous group. It was concluded that there were not responses in these two groups that indicated dependency between race and response. For the smaller demographic groups some of responses indicated a dependency between race and response but these form a small component of the zoo’s visitors. A high revisit and referral intention are good indicators of visitor satisfaction with 279 indicating their intention to revisit and 277 to recommend the zoo to family and friends. This study emphasises the importance of understanding the motivations, expectations and satisfaction of demographic groups as part of effective experience management. / Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Tourism Management / unrestricted

Filmturism är ett relativt nytt fenomen på turistmarknaden, som kort kan beskrivas med när en turist besöker en destination eller attraktion till följd av att destinationen/attraktionen har visats upp på tv eller i film. I Thailand har ett flertal stora filmer spelats in genom åren, bland annat The Beach och James Bond – The Man with the Golden Gun. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa fenomenet filmturism samt undersöka hur lokala aktörer i Thailand använder filmerna Beach och James Bond – Man with the golden gun som redskap för platsmarknadsföring och imageskapande. I studien har det även studerats hur destinationerna har påverkats av filmerna samt hur destinationerna uppfattas av turister som har varit eller är på väg till någon av platserna. Den destinationsimage som skapas genom film behöver inte alltid stämma överens med destinationens verkliga image. Studiens material har samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer, observationer och skuggningar samt kvantitativa enkäter och granskning av resesidan Tripadvisor och aktören Maya Bay Tours hemsida. Studiens resultat visar att filmerna har påverkat platsernas image och att Maya Bay inte är lika beroende av filmen i sin marknadsföring som James Bond Island är. Turister som har besökt platserna påpekade att mängden turister är det som förstört upplevelsen och att turismen måste regleras för att deras förväntningar ska uppfyllas.

World Heritage sites are irreplaceable tourist destinations. These protected areas face many challenges and issues, which impact on their Organizational Behaviour (OB) and sustainability. World Heritage status holds considerable promise for economic and social growth, sustainability and development. To this effect UNESCO’S World Heritage Convention ensures that heritage sites around the world are recognized and protected and encourages participatory management. However, many organizational factors may negatively influence sustainability, for example the management or decisions-making style and fragmentation or miscommunication between stakeholders. World Heritage Sites are organizational groupings of stakeholders working together to achieve goals. OB views organizations as open systems with interrelated parts, interacting with the environment and influenced by organizational design, dynamics and stakeholder relationships. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the strategic level of OB of selected World Heritage sites in South Africa, namely the iSimangaliso Wetland Park and the Cradle of Humankind, in order to develop a Strategic Organizational Behaviour Framework to facilitate effective management and sustainability. An exploratory qualitative research approach provided rich descriptive data. The empirical phase involved non-probability sampling and data collection focusing on in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. The findings indicate that the manner in which World Heritage sites are managed influence the organizational culture, communication and the stakeholder relationships. There is a perceived discrepancy between ‘ideal’ OB and the actual experiences of the stakeholders. Issues of strategic concern were the organizational design and structure, in both cases found to exclude key stakeholders; the management style and behaviour, found to be mainly dictatorial and exclusive; and the organizational culture and communication, influenced by the particular management of the sites and experienced as closed and non-participatory. The relationships between strategic stakeholders were found to be flawed, resulting in the sustainability of these sites being questioned. The Strategic OB Framework developed here, is based on OB and Open Systems Theory principles and illustrates the interdependency and influence of the different strategic OB dimensions. Management must understand that positive organizational design, dynamics and relationships will lead to more effective management and sustainability. This Strategic OB Framework can inform management and contribute significantly to sustain the effective management and the continued success of World Heritage sites in South Africa. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

Ekoturism är ett användbart begrepp dock inte särskilt väldefinierat. Det finns många olika förklaringar om begreppet, från preciserat till koncist. Eftersom turistbranschen är en av världens största industrier är det därför viktigt att utveckla det på ett hållbart sätt som gynnar miljön, lokalbefolkningen och ekonomin. Syftet med studien var att undersöka i vilken utsträckning Palawan arbetar med ekoturism samt vilken uppfattning turisterna har om begreppet. Insamlingsmetoden baserads på kvalitativa samtalsintervjuer med en semistrukturerad ansats. Studien visade på att respondenterna inte hade några kunskaper om begreppet ekoturism och kan därför inte agera på ett hållbart vis. Anledningen till att samtliga respondenter inte hade någon kunskap om ekoturism berodde på kunskapsbrist, däremot hade det ett miljömedvetet beteende. Slutsatsen visar på att det finns ett glapp mellan kunskap och handling inom ekoturism. Att driva ekoturism anses vara mer krävande än vanlig turism av den orsaken att det behövs både mer kunskap men också för att det är en kostnadsfråga, vilket är anledningen till att många destinationer väljer att inte göra det. Lyckligtvis har ekoturism blivit allt mer populärt genom åren och människan är idag betydligt mer medvetna om dagens miljöproblem. / Ecotourism is a useful concept, but not very well defined. As the tourism industry is one of the world's largest industries, it is therefore important to develop it in a sustainable way that benefits the environment, local people and the economy. The purpose with this thesis was to examine in what extent Palawan works with ecotourism and which perception the tourists has about the concept. The collection method was based at qualitative interviews. The thesis result showed that none of the respondents had any knowledge about the concept ecotourism and therefore can’t act in a sustainable manner. The reason why the respondents had no knowledge about the concept depended on lack of knowledge. The conclusion shows that there is a gap between knowledge and action within eco-tourism. Manage ecotourism is more demanding than regular tourism because of the needs for more knowledge, but also because it ́s a cost issue, which is why many destinations choose not to manage ecotourism. Fortunately, ecotourism has become increasingly popular over the years and man is today much more aware of today's environmental problems.