A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2013. / uMkhosi Womhlanga is a traditional ceremony that is celebrated annually. This event attracts event tourists and generates revenue for the host communities of KwaNongoma, KwaZulu-Natal, and South Africa as a whole. It is assumed that the event has a massive tourism potential and platform to yield socio-economic benefits for the local community. Comprehensive planning and management are essential tools for hosting successful events. Event organizers or managers require extensive knowledge, skills, good intuition and an eye for beauty in the planning and management of special events. These are essential factors in this booming events sector of the tourism industry. The premises of this study involve understanding the meaning and objectives of celebrating uMkhosi Womhlanga as a traditional ceremonial event and ascertaining the extent to which uMkhosi Womhlanga is planned and managed in order to realize its full potential as a tourism enterprise. The study also highlights the policy framework that governs the event, the benefits, practices, participation levels and perceptions of all stakeholders linked to this ceremonial event. The research study area is KwaZulu- Natal. This paper has the following objectives: a) To find out whether stakeholders involved understand the origins and meaning of celebrating uMkhosi Womhlanga as a traditional and ceremonial event. b) To find out whether there are policies and procedures in place that govern the planning and management of the event. c) To indicate the extent to which the uMkhosi Womhlanga event is perceived as a tourist attraction in the study area. d) To establish the extent to which stakeholders participate in the uMkhosi Womhlanga event.

My work deals with Waldorf pedagogy, how it began, its characterization, main principles and elements which it uses, especially with traditional ceremonies and rituals. I am introducing you into the characterization of preschool child how it is understood at Waldorf educational system. I am pointing out ceremonies and rituals, which are held universaly at Waldorf nursery schools. I stress out their meaning and contribution for preschool kids. Traditional rituals arecharacterized in our own point of view, depending how we see them. Last part is about one of these kindergartens, in Ceske Budejovice to be more specific.

The study sets to establish trends with regard to the role of the praise singer, the changes with regard to the traditional praise singer's rendition/performance and the material or content of his/her poetry. Thus the study highlights the distinction observed between the praise singer of the past and the present praise singer. The study also shows that the praise singer's performance, in terms of his/her role and content, is in the state of flux. The study also demonstrates that the singer of the past and the present praise singer have the same role and their chants or poetry or songs have the same effect. It also highlights situations where praises are chanted in modern times. These are graduation ceremonies, weddings, political gatherings and traditional ceremonies, for example, the annual rain making ceremonies. These events or occasions are inextricably linked to traditional praises. The study also highlights the fact that traditional praises present the history and heroic deeds of members of the clan to which the beneficiary belongs. They also express the deep feeling of royalty and loyalty. Like in the past they boost morale. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

The study sets to establish trends with regard to the role of the praise singer, the changes with regard to the traditional praise singer's rendition/performance and the material or content of his/her poetry. Thus the study highlights the distinction observed between the praise singer of the past and the present praise singer. The study also shows that the praise singer's performance, in terms of his/her role and content, is in the state of flux. The study also demonstrates that the singer of the past and the present praise singer have the same role and their chants or poetry or songs have the same effect. It also highlights situations where praises are chanted in modern times. These are graduation ceremonies, weddings, political gatherings and traditional ceremonies, for example, the annual rain making ceremonies. These events or occasions are inextricably linked to traditional praises. The study also highlights the fact that traditional praises present the history and heroic deeds of members of the clan to which the beneficiary belongs. They also express the deep feeling of royalty and loyalty. Like in the past they boost morale. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)